en>GiantSnowman: /* References */clean up using AWB

2013-09-03T19:41:59Z

References: clean up using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:41, 3 September 2013
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	~~Hi there~~. ~~My name~~ is ~~Sophia Meagher even though it is not~~ the ~~title~~ on ~~my birth certificate~~. ~~Her family members life in Ohio~~. ~~The preferred hobby~~ for ~~him and his children is fashion and he'll be beginning some thing else along~~ with it. ~~For many years she's been operating~~ as a ~~travel agent~~.<br><br>~~Here~~ is ~~my web blog~~ :: [~~http~~://~~chungmuroresidence~~.~~com/xe/reservation_branch2/152663 are psychics real~~]		In [[industrial engineering]], the '''standard time''' is the time required by an average skilled operator, working at
			a normal pace, to perform a specified task using a prescribed method.<ref>Zandin 2001, Section X, Chapter 5.1</ref> It includes appropriate allowances to allow the person to recover from [[fatigue (medical)\|fatigue]] and, where necessary, an additional allowance to cover contingent elements which may occur but have not been observed.

			==Usage of the standard time==

			Time times for all operations are known.
			* [[Workforce planning\|Staffing (or workforce planning)]]: the number of workers required cannot accurately be determined unless the time required to process the existing work is known.
			* [[Production leveling\|Line balancing (or production leveling)]]: the correct number of workstations for optimum work flow depends on the processing time, or standard, at each workstation.
			* [[Material requirements planning\|Materials requirement planning (MRP)]]: MRP systems cannot operate properly without accurate work standards.
			* [[Systems Simulation\|System simulation]]: simulation models cannot accurately simulate operation unless times for all operations are known.
			* [[Wage payment systems\|Wage payment]]: comparing expected performance with actual performance requires the use of work standards.
			* [[Cost accounting]]: work standards are necessary for determining not only the labor component of costs, but also the correct allocation of production costs to specific products.
			* Employee evaluation: in order to assess whether individual employees are performing as well as they should, a performance standard is necessary against which to measure the level of performance.

			==Techniques to establish a standard time==
			The standard time can be determined using the following techniques:<ref>Groover 2007</ref>
			#Time study,
			# [[Predetermined motion time system]] aka PMTS or PTS,
			#Standard data system,
			#[[Work sampling]].

			==Method of calculation==
			The Standard Time is the product of three factors:
			#Observed time: The time measured to complete the task.
			#Performance rating factor: The pace the person is working at. 90% is working slower than normal, 110% is working faster than normal, 100% is normal. This factor is calculated by an experienced worker who is trained to observe and determine the rating.
			#[[PFD allowance\|Personal, fatigue, and delay (PFD) allowance]].

			The standard time can then be calculated by using:<ref>Groover 2007</ref>

			<math>\text{Standard Time} = (\text{Observed Time})(\text{Rating Factor})(1+\text{PFD Allowance})</math>

			== Notes ==
			{{Reflist\|2}}

			== References ==

			* Groover, M. P. (2007). ''Work systems: the methods, measurement and management of work'', Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-140650-6
			* Salvendy, G. (Ed.) (2001). ''Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and Operations Management'', third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
			* Zandin, K. (Ed.) (2001). ''Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook'', fifth edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Standard Time (Manufacturing)}}
			[[Category:Industrial engineering]]


			{{Industry-stub}}

en>Michael Hardy: en-dash

2011-11-15T03:57:28Z

en-dash

New page

Hi there. My name is Sophia Meagher even though it is not the title on my birth certificate. Her family members life in Ohio. The preferred hobby for him and his children is fashion and he'll be beginning some thing else along with it. For many years she's been operating as a travel agent.<br><br>Here is my web blog :: [http://chungmuroresidence.com/xe/reservation_branch2/152663 are psychics real]

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en>GiantSnowman: /* References */clean up using AWB

en>Michael Hardy: en-dash