Eb/N0 - Revision history

en>Karn: /* Shannon limit */ Emphasize that the -1.6 dB Shannon limit applies only when infinite bandwidth is available.

2014-12-25T15:32:03Z

Shannon limit: Emphasize that the -1.6 dB Shannon limit applies only when infinite bandwidth is available.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:32, 25 December 2014
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en>Dicklyon: /* Cutoff rate */ link ldpc

2014-02-19T20:07:42Z

Cutoff rate: link ldpc

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:07, 19 February 2014
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	~~{{Unreferenced\|date=December 2009}}~~		Hi! <br>My name is Dewitt and I'm a 27 years old girl from Port Alice.<br><br>my homepage; [http://Erfolgreiche-ingenieure.de/fifa-15-coin-hack-3/ Fifa 15 Coin Generator]
	~~In [[chemistry]], '''acid value''' (or "neutralization number" or "acid number" or "acidity")~~ is the mass of [[potassium hydroxide]] (KOH) in [[milligrams]] that is required to neutralize one gram of [[chemical substance]]. The acid number is a measure of the amount of [[carboxylic acid]] groups in a chemical compound, such as a [[fatty acid]], or in a mixture of compounds. In a typical procedure, a known amount of sample dissolved in organic solvent (often [[isopropyl alcohol\|isopropanol]]), is [[titration\|titrated]] with a solution of potassium hydroxide with known [[concentration]] and ~~with [[phenolphthalein]] as~~ a ~~color indicator~~.

	The acid number is used to quantify the amount of acid present, for example in a sample of [[biodiesel]]. It is the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide, that is required to neutralize the acidic constituents in 1 g of sample.

	~~:<math>AN=(V_{eq}-b_{eq})N\frac{56.1}{W_{oil}}</math>~~

	~~V<sub>eq</sub> is the volume of [[titration\|titrant]] (ml) consumed by the crude oil sample and 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, b~~<~~sub~~>eq<~~/sub~~> ~~is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 1 ml of [[spiking solution]] at the equivalent point, and 56.1 is the molecular weight of~~ [~~[Potassium hydroxide\|KOH]]. W<sub>Oil</sub> is the mass of the sample in grams.~~

	~~The molar concentration of titrant (N) is calculated as such:~~

	:~~<math>N=\frac{1000W_{KHP}}{204.23V_{eq}}<~~/~~math>~~

	~~In which W<sub>KHP<~~/sub> is the mass (g) of [[KHP]] in 50 ml of KHP standard solution, V<sub>eq</sub> is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 50 ml KHP standard solution at the equivalent point, and 204.23 is the molecular weight of KHP.

	There are standard methods for determining the acid number, such as [[ASTM]] D 974 and [[DIN]] 51558 (for mineral oils, biodiesel), or specifically for Biodiesel using the European Standard EN 14104 and ASTM D664 are both widely utilised worldwide.
	~~Acid number (mg [[Potassium hydroxide\|KOH]]~~/g oil) for [[biodiesel]] should to be lower than 0.50 mg KOH/g in both EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standard fuels. This is since the FFA produced may corrode automotive parts and these limits protect vehicle engines and fuel tanks.

	~~As oil~~-fats [[rancidity\|rancidify]], [[triglyceride]]s are converted into [[fatty acid]]s and [[glycerol]], causing an increase in acid number. A similar observation is observed with biodiesel aging through analogous oxidation processes and when subjected to prolonged high temperatures (ester thermolysis) or through exposure to acids or bases (acid/~~base ester [[hydrolysis]]).~~

	~~==See also==~~
	* [[Saponification value]]
	* [[Hydroxyl value]]
	* [[Iodine value]]
	* [[Total acid number]]
	* [[Oxidation]]
	* [[EN 14214]]

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Acid Value}}~~
	~~[[Category:Analytical chemistry]]~~
	~~[[Category:Lipids]~~]

144.214.130.4: /* Cutoff rate */

2013-11-18T15:03:44Z

Cutoff rate

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 18 November 2013
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			In [[chemistry]], '''acid value''' (or "neutralization number" or "acid number" or "acidity") is the mass of [[potassium hydroxide]] (KOH) in [[milligrams]] that is required to neutralize one gram of [[chemical substance]]. The acid number is a measure of the amount of [[carboxylic acid]] groups in a chemical compound, such as a [[fatty acid]], or in a mixture of compounds. In a typical procedure, a known amount of sample dissolved in organic solvent (often [[isopropyl alcohol\|isopropanol]]), is [[titration\|titrated]] with a solution of potassium hydroxide with known [[concentration]] and with [[phenolphthalein]] as a color indicator.

			The acid number is used to quantify the amount of acid present, for example in a sample of [[biodiesel]]. It is the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide, that is required to neutralize the acidic constituents in 1 g of sample.

			:<math>AN=(V_{eq}-b_{eq})N\frac{56.1}{W_{oil}}</math>

			V<sub>eq</sub> is the volume of [[titration\|titrant]] (ml) consumed by the crude oil sample and 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, b<sub>eq</sub> is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 1 ml of [[spiking solution]] at the equivalent point, and 56.1 is the molecular weight of [[Potassium hydroxide\|KOH]]. W<sub>Oil</sub> is the mass of the sample in grams.

			The molar concentration of titrant (N) is calculated as such:

			:<math>N=\frac{1000W_{KHP}}{204.23V_{eq}}</math>

			In which W<sub>KHP</sub> is the mass (g) of [[KHP]] in 50 ml of KHP standard solution, V<sub>eq</sub> is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 50 ml KHP standard solution at the equivalent point, and 204.23 is the molecular weight of KHP.

			There are standard methods for determining the acid number, such as [[ASTM]] D 974 and [[DIN]] 51558 (for mineral oils, biodiesel), or specifically for Biodiesel using the European Standard EN 14104 and ASTM D664 are both widely utilised worldwide.
			Acid number (mg [[Potassium hydroxide\|KOH]]/g oil) for [[biodiesel]] should to be lower than 0.50 mg KOH/g in both EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standard fuels. This is since the FFA produced may corrode automotive parts and these limits protect vehicle engines and fuel tanks.

			As oil-fats [[rancidity\|rancidify]], [[triglyceride]]s are converted into [[fatty acid]]s and [[glycerol]], causing an increase in acid number. A similar observation is observed with biodiesel aging through analogous oxidation processes and when subjected to prolonged high temperatures (ester thermolysis) or through exposure to acids or bases (acid/base ester [[hydrolysis]]).

			==See also==
			* [[Saponification value]]
			* [[Hydroxyl value]]
			* [[Iodine value]]
			* [[Total acid number]]
			* [[Oxidation]]
			* [[EN 14214]]

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Acid Value}}
			[[Category:Analytical chemistry]]
			[[Category:Lipids]]

en>Helpful Pixie Bot: ISBNs Dated {{Citation needed}}. (Build KE)

2012-05-10T03:34:01Z

ISBNs Dated {{Citation needed}}. (Build KE)

New page

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