Loading dose - Revision history

24.118.110.141: /* Calculating the loading dose */

2014-12-02T08:00:32Z

Calculating the loading dose

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, 2 December 2014
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	~~Nice to satisfy you, my title~~ is ~~Refugia~~. ~~North Dakota~~ is her ~~birth place but she will have to transfer 1 working day or another~~. ~~Supervising is my occupation~~. ~~One of the extremely very best issues in the globe for me~~ is ~~to do aerobics and~~ I~~'ve been~~ performing ~~it for fairly a while~~.<br><br>~~Have a look at~~ my ~~web~~ blog ~~...~~ [http://~~nxnn~~.~~info~~/~~blog~~/~~284637 std home test~~]		Andrew Simcox is the name his parents gave him and he completely loves this name. Distributing manufacturing is exactly where her main income arrives from. I've usually loved living in Alaska. To play lacross is something I really enjoy performing.<br><br>my blog post :: tarot card readings ([http://www.weddingwall.com.au/groups/easy-advice-for-successful-personal-development-today/ visit the up coming internet site])

en>DanielAmelang: Fixed typo: thetical -> hypothetical

2014-03-02T22:44:26Z

Fixed typo: thetical -> hypothetical

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:44, 3 March 2014
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	~~:''This article gives a mathematical definition. For a more accessible article see [[Decimal]].''~~		Nice to satisfy you, my title is Refugia. North Dakota is her birth place but she will have to transfer 1 working day or another. Supervising is my occupation. One of the extremely very best issues in the globe for me is to do aerobics and I've been performing it for fairly a while.<br><br>Have a look at my web blog ... [http://nxnn.info/blog/284637 std home test]

	~~A '''decimal representation''' of a [[non-negative]] [[real number]] ''r'' is an expression of the form of a [[series (mathematics)\|series]], traditionally written as a sum~~

	~~:<math> r=\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{a_i}{10^i}</math>~~

	where ''a''<sub>0</sub> is a nonnegative integer, and ''a''<sub>1</sub>, ''a''<sub>2</sub>, … are integers satisfying 0 ≤ ''a<sub>i</sub>'' ≤ 9, called the digits of the decimal representation. The sequence of digits specified may be finite, ~~in which case any further digits ''a''<sub>''i''</sub> are assumed to be 0. Some authors forbid decimal representations with a trailing infinite sequence of "9"s.<ref>{{citation~~
	~~\| last=Knuth \| first = D. E. \| author-link = Donald Ervin Knuth~~
	\| title ~~= The Art of Computer Programming~~
	~~\| contribution = Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms \| publisher = Addison-Wesley \| year = 1973~~
	~~\| pages = 21}}</ref>~~
	~~This restriction still allows a decimal representation for each non-negative real number, but additionally makes such a representation unique.~~
	~~The number defined by a decimal representation~~ is ~~often written more briefly as~~

	~~:<math>r=a_0~~.~~a_1 a_2 a_3\dots.\,</math>~~

	~~That~~ is to say, ''a''<sub>0</sub> is the integer part of ''r'', not necessarily between 0 and 9, and ''a''<sub>1</sub>, ''a''<sub>2</sub>, ''a''<sub>3</sub>, … are the digits forming the fractional part of ''r''.

	~~Both notations above are, by definition, the following [[limit of a sequence]]:~~
	~~:<math> r=\lim_{n\to \infty} \sum_{i=0}^n \frac{a_i}{10^i}</math>.~~

	~~== Finite decimal approximations ==~~

	~~Any real number can be approximated to any desired degree of accuracy by [[rational number]]s with finite decimal representations.~~

	~~Assume <math>x\geq 0</math>. Then for every integer <math>n\geq~~ 1~~</math> there is a finite decimal <math>r_n=a_0.a_1a_2\cdots a_n</math> such that~~

	~~:<math>r_n\leq x < r_n+\frac{1}{10^n}.\,</math>~~

	~~Proof:~~

	~~Let <math>r_n = \textstyle\frac{p}{10^n}</math>, where <math>p = \lfloor 10^nx\rfloor</math>.~~
	~~Then <math>p \leq 10^nx < p+1</math>, and the result follows from dividing all sides by <math>10^n</math>~~.
	~~(The fact that <math>r_n</math> has a finite decimal representation~~ is ~~easily established.)~~

	~~==Non-uniqueness of decimal representation==~~
	~~{{Main\|0.999...}}~~
	~~Some real numbers have two infinite decimal representations. For example, the number 1 may be equally represented by 1.000..~~. ~~as by [[0.999...]] (where the infinite sequences~~ of ~~digits 0 and 9, respectively, are represented by "..."). Conventionally,~~ the version with zero digits is preferred; by omitting the infinite sequence of zero digits, removing any final zero digits and a possible final decimal point, a normalized finite decimal representation is obtained. {{Citation needed\|date=November 2009}}

	~~==Finite decimal representations==~~

	~~The decimal expansion of non-negative real number ''x'' will end in zeros (or~~ in ~~nines) if, and only if, ''x'' is a rational number whose denominator is of the form 2<sup>''n''</sup>5<sup>''m''</sup>, where ''m'' and ''n'' are non-negative integers.~~

	~~'''Proof''':~~

	If the ~~decimal expansion of ''x'' will end in zeros, or <math>x=\sum_{i=0}^n\frac{a_i}{10^i}=\sum_{i=0}^n10^{n-i}a_i/10^n</math>~~
	for ~~some ''n'',~~
	~~then the denominator of ''x''~~ is ~~of the form 10<sup>''n''</sup> = 2<sup>''n''</sup>5<sup>''n''</sup>.~~

	~~Conversely, if the denominator of ''x'' is of the form 2<sup>''n~~'~~'</sup>5<sup>''m''</sup>,~~
	~~<math>x=\frac{p}{2^n5^m}=\frac{2^m5^np}{2^{n+m}5^{n+m}}=~~
	~~\frac{2^m5^np}{10^{n+m}}</math>~~
	for ~~some ''p''~~.
	~~While ''x'' is of the form~~ <~~math~~>~~\textstyle\frac{p}{10^k}~~<~~/math>,~~
	~~<math>p=\sum_{i=0}^{n}10^ia_i</math> for some ''n''.~~
	~~By <math>x=\sum_{i=0}^n10^{n-i}a_i/10^n=\sum_{i=0}^n\frac{a_i}{10^i}</math~~>,
	~~''x'' will end in zeros.~~

	~~==Recurring decimal representations==~~
	~~{{Main\|Repeating decimal}}~~
	~~Some real numbers have decimal expansions that eventually get into loops, endlessly repeating~~ a ~~sequence of one or more digits:~~
	~~:<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> = 0~~.~~33333~~...
	:~~<sup>1<~~/~~sup>/<sub>7<~~/~~sub> = 0~~.~~142857142857...~~
	~~:<sup>1318<~~/~~sup>/<sub>185</sub> = 7.1243243243...~~
	~~Every time this happens the number is still a [[rational number]] (i.e. can alternatively be represented as a ratio of an integer and a positive integer).~~

	~~==See also==~~
	*[[Decimal]]
	*[[Series (mathematics)]]
	*[[IEEE 754]]
	*[[Simon Stevin]]

	~~==References==~~
	*{{cite book\|author=[[Tom Apostol]]\|title=Mathematical analysis\|edition=Second edition\|publisher=Addison-Wesley\|year=1974}}

	~~<references~~/>


	~~[[Category:Mathematical notation]]~~
	~~[[Category:Articles containing proofs]]~~

	~~[[br:Dispakadur dekredel]]~~
	~~[[ckb:نواندنی دەدەیی]~~]

en>ChrisGualtieri: Remove stub template(s). Page is start class or higher. Also check for and do General Fixes + Checkwiki fixes using AWB

2013-12-13T03:52:54Z

Remove stub template(s). Page is start class or higher. Also check for and do General Fixes + Checkwiki fixes using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:52, 13 December 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The author's ~~name~~ is ~~Andera~~ and ~~she thinks it seems fairly good~~. ~~To play lacross~~ is ~~something I really enjoy performing~~. ~~Her family lives~~ in ~~Ohio. Since I was eighteen I~~'~~ve been operating as~~ a ~~bookkeeper but soon my spouse~~ and I will ~~start our own business~~.<br><br>~~My web site; love psychic readings~~ - ~~[http~~://~~www~~.~~article-galaxy~~.~~com~~/~~profile~~.~~php?~~a=~~143251 Suggested Looking at~~] -		:''This article gives a mathematical definition. For a more accessible article see [[Decimal]].''

			A '''decimal representation''' of a [[non-negative]] [[real number]] ''r'' is an expression of the form of a [[series (mathematics)\|series]], traditionally written as a sum

			:<math> r=\sum_{i=0}^\infty \frac{a_i}{10^i}</math>

			where ''a''<sub>0</sub> is a nonnegative integer, and ''a''<sub>1</sub>, ''a''<sub>2</sub>, … are integers satisfying 0 ≤ ''a<sub>i</sub>'' ≤ 9, called the digits of the decimal representation. The sequence of digits specified may be finite, in which case any further digits ''a''<sub>''i''</sub> are assumed to be 0. Some authors forbid decimal representations with a trailing infinite sequence of "9"s.<ref>{{citation
			\| last=Knuth \| first = D. E. \| author-link = Donald Ervin Knuth
			\| title = The Art of Computer Programming
			\| contribution = Volume 1: Fundamental Algorithms \| publisher = Addison-Wesley \| year = 1973
			\| pages = 21}}</ref>
			This restriction still allows a decimal representation for each non-negative real number, but additionally makes such a representation unique.
			The number defined by a decimal representation is often written more briefly as

			:<math>r=a_0.a_1 a_2 a_3\dots.\,</math>

			That is to say, ''a''<sub>0</sub> is the integer part of ''r'', not necessarily between 0 and 9, and ''a''<sub>1</sub>, ''a''<sub>2</sub>, ''a''<sub>3</sub>, … are the digits forming the fractional part of ''r''.

			Both notations above are, by definition, the following [[limit of a sequence]]:
			:<math> r=\lim_{n\to \infty} \sum_{i=0}^n \frac{a_i}{10^i}</math>.

			== Finite decimal approximations ==

			Any real number can be approximated to any desired degree of accuracy by [[rational number]]s with finite decimal representations.

			Assume <math>x\geq 0</math>. Then for every integer <math>n\geq 1</math> there is a finite decimal <math>r_n=a_0.a_1a_2\cdots a_n</math> such that

			:<math>r_n\leq x < r_n+\frac{1}{10^n}.\,</math>

			Proof:

			Let <math>r_n = \textstyle\frac{p}{10^n}</math>, where <math>p = \lfloor 10^nx\rfloor</math>.
			Then <math>p \leq 10^nx < p+1</math>, and the result follows from dividing all sides by <math>10^n</math>.
			(The fact that <math>r_n</math> has a finite decimal representation is easily established.)

			==Non-uniqueness of decimal representation==
			{{Main\|0.999...}}
			Some real numbers have two infinite decimal representations. For example, the number 1 may be equally represented by 1.000... as by [[0.999...]] (where the infinite sequences of digits 0 and 9, respectively, are represented by "..."). Conventionally, the version with zero digits is preferred; by omitting the infinite sequence of zero digits, removing any final zero digits and a possible final decimal point, a normalized finite decimal representation is obtained. {{Citation needed\|date=November 2009}}

			==Finite decimal representations==

			The decimal expansion of non-negative real number ''x'' will end in zeros (or in nines) if, and only if, ''x'' is a rational number whose denominator is of the form 2<sup>''n''</sup>5<sup>''m''</sup>, where ''m'' and ''n'' are non-negative integers.

			'''Proof''':

			If the decimal expansion of ''x'' will end in zeros, or <math>x=\sum_{i=0}^n\frac{a_i}{10^i}=\sum_{i=0}^n10^{n-i}a_i/10^n</math>
			for some ''n'',
			then the denominator of ''x'' is of the form 10<sup>''n''</sup> = 2<sup>''n''</sup>5<sup>''n''</sup>.

			Conversely, if the denominator of ''x'' is of the form 2<sup>''n''</sup>5<sup>''m''</sup>,
			<math>x=\frac{p}{2^n5^m}=\frac{2^m5^np}{2^{n+m}5^{n+m}}=
			\frac{2^m5^np}{10^{n+m}}</math>
			for some ''p''.
			While ''x'' is of the form <math>\textstyle\frac{p}{10^k}</math>,
			<math>p=\sum_{i=0}^{n}10^ia_i</math> for some ''n''.
			By <math>x=\sum_{i=0}^n10^{n-i}a_i/10^n=\sum_{i=0}^n\frac{a_i}{10^i}</math>,
			''x'' will end in zeros.

			==Recurring decimal representations==
			{{Main\|Repeating decimal}}
			Some real numbers have decimal expansions that eventually get into loops, endlessly repeating a sequence of one or more digits:
			:<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> = 0.33333...
			:<sup>1</sup>/<sub>7</sub> = 0.142857142857...
			:<sup>1318</sup>/<sub>185</sub> = 7.1243243243...
			Every time this happens the number is still a [[rational number]] (i.e. can alternatively be represented as a ratio of an integer and a positive integer).

			==See also==
			*[[Decimal]]
			*[[Series (mathematics)]]
			*[[IEEE 754]]
			*[[Simon Stevin]]

			==References==
			*{{cite book\|author=[[Tom Apostol]]\|title=Mathematical analysis\|edition=Second edition\|publisher=Addison-Wesley\|year=1974}}

			<references/>


			[[Category:Mathematical notation]]
			[[Category:Articles containing proofs]]

			[[br:Dispakadur dekredel]]
			[[ckb:نواندنی دەدەیی]]

en>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Merge}}

2011-11-02T19:45:02Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Merge}}

New page

The author's name is Andera and she thinks it seems fairly good. To play lacross is something I really enjoy performing. Her family lives in Ohio. Since I was eighteen I've been operating as a bookkeeper but soon my spouse and I will start our own business.<br><br>My web site; love psychic readings - [http://www.article-galaxy.com/profile.php?a=143251 Suggested Looking at] -