Magic series - Revision history

en>David Eppstein: /* External links */ templatize reference

2014-12-17T23:40:19Z

External links: templatize reference

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:40, 18 December 2014
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	'''Winsorising''' or '''Winsorization''' (this is also sometimes called Georgization{{citation needed\|date=November 2013}}) is the transformation of [[statistic]]s by limiting [[extreme value]]s in the [[statistics\|statistical]] data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious [[outliers]]. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician [[Charles P. Winsor]] (1895–1951). The effect is the same as [[clipping (signal processing)\|clipping]] in signal processing.		Hello! <br>My name is Lorie and I'm a 24 years old boy from Switzerland.<br><br>Also visit my web page - fifa 15 coin generator ([http://osbm.lviv.ua/index.php/features?limitstart=0%FFandroid%FFnofollow%FFPlyometric+Training+Benifits%FFexternal osbm.lviv.ua])

	~~The distribution of many [[statistic]]s can be heavily influenced by [[outlier]]s. A typical strategy~~ is ~~to set all outliers to a specified [[percentile]] of the data; for example, a 90% Winsorisation would see all data below the 5th percentile set to the 5th percentile,~~ and ~~data above the 95th percentile set to the 95th percentile.~~
	Winsorised [[estimator]]s are usually more [[robust statistics\|robust]] to outliers than their more standard forms, although there are alternatives, such as [[Trimmed estimator\|trimming]], that will achieve a ~~similar effect~~.

	~~== Example ==~~
	~~Consider the data set consisting of:~~
	:<~~math~~>~~\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \mathbf{153}, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \mathbf{-40}, \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 20)~~<~~/math~~>
	~~The 5th percentile lies between~~ -~~40 and 2, while the 95th percentile lies between 101 and 153.~~ (~~Values shown in bold.)~~
	~~Then a 90% Winsorisation would result in the following~~:
	~~:<math>\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \mathbf{101}, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \mathbf{2}, \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 20)<~~/~~math>~~

	~~== Distinction from trimming ==~~
	Note that Winsorizing is not equivalent to simply excluding data, which is a simpler procedure, called [[trimmed estimator\|trimming]] or [[Truncation (statistics)\|truncation]], but is a method of [[Censoring (statistics)\|censoring]] data.

	~~In a trimmed estimator, the extreme values are ''discarded;'' in a Winsorized estimator, the extreme values are instead ''replaced'' by certain percentiles (the trimmed minimum and maximum)~~.

	~~Thus a [[Winsorized mean]] is not the same as a [[truncated mean]]~~.
	~~For instance, the 10~~% ~~trimmed mean is the average of the 5th to 95th percentile of the data, while the 90~~% ~~Winsorised mean sets the bottom 5~~% ~~to the 5th percentile, the top 5~~% ~~to the 95th percentile, and then averages the data. In the previous example the trimmed mean would be obtained from the smaller set:~~
	~~:<math>\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \quad 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \quad \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 18)</math>~~

	~~More formally, they are distinct because the [[order statistics]] are not independent.~~

	~~== References ==~~

	* Hasings, C., Mosteller, F., Tukey, J.W., Winsor, C.P. ~~(1947) ''Low moments for small samples: a comparative study of order statistics'', [[Annals of Mathematical Statistics]~~]~~, 18, 413–426.~~
	* W. J. Dixon (1960)~~. ''Simplified Estimation from Censored Normal Samples'', The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 31, 385–391.~~
	* [[John Tukey\|J. W. Tukey]] (1962) ''The Future of Data Analysis'', The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 33, p. 18

	~~[[Category:Statistical theory]]~~
	~~[[Category:Robust statistics]]~~


	~~{{Statistics-stub}}~~

en>Mogism: Cleanup/Typo fixing, typos fixed: a exact → an exact (4) using AWB

2013-07-23T18:24:00Z

Cleanup/Typo fixing, typos fixed: a exact → an exact (4) using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:24, 23 July 2013
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	~~When looking to buy luxury condos~~ or ~~penthouses~~ in ~~Singapore ,~~ the ~~most well-liked properties are surrounding~~ the ~~town area~~. ~~You probably have a map of Singapore and draw a semi~~-~~circle with~~ the ~~southern tip of Singapore~~ as ~~the middle, these are where the prime condos are located~~.~~<br><br>In the same method that one group~~ of ~~individuals~~ can~~'t arbitrarily determine which flavors of toaster pastries, which sorts of automobiles, or what dimension of houses are acceptable for everyone, no group can determine the proper form airline security~~. ~~There~~ is ~~no such thing as a one size fits~~ all ~~solution; some folks will want more safety than others and might be keen~~ to ~~pay further for it. On our website, you will be able to search out~~ a ~~wide range of new launch property and rental in Singapore, whether it's residential or business and whichever district is it~~ [~~http://www.ericandscott.com/members/tuoeugen/activity/435988/ hdb new launch~~] ~~in. Not only it makes finding your ideal property straightforward~~, ~~you will also have~~ the ~~chance~~ to ~~obtain first-hand information~~ and ~~special pricings before~~ the ~~official launch/launch.<br><br>Whether or not or not you're relocating~~ to the ~~Round Rock house and in the hunt for luxurious neighborhood residing or simply making the move to a brand new place and wish affordability, this listing of Spherical Rock flats will present you how to~~. ~~Research what~~ to ~~seek for in your subsequent residence search and what to run away from. Find out if your landlord or~~ their ~~agents~~ are ~~rude to tenants on-line and off on account of this is how they may take care of you~~. ~~Rent is due on~~ the ~~first~~ of ~~the month. It's late the second day. This have to be the proprietor and property manager's protection by means of the vacations. Learn additional to go looking out out why.~~<br>~~<br>The data contained herein is subject to change and cannot form a part of a proposal or contract. While every reasonable care has been taken in providing this information~~, ~~bestnewlaunches.com or its agent can't be held responsible for any inaccuracies. Challenge information~~, ~~costs~~, ~~opinions~~, ~~images~~, ~~artist impressions~~, ~~plans~~, ~~measurements and color representations in this web site are offered as an indicative information only and subject to change at any time.~~<br>~~<br>Investment in property is considered as probably the most lucrative funding~~, ~~since way back. The worth of~~ the ~~property hardly goes down~~ and ~~on the similar time one may earn handsome return by utilizing the property Funding~~ in ~~property is considered is always as one of the lucrative investments~~. ~~Ask any of~~ the ~~financial advisors~~, ~~nobody will inform you that don't go for the properties Other than the above ones~~, ~~there are other issues akin to restaurants~~, ~~parking~~, ~~owner storage locker~~, ~~and so on.~~ that ~~you need~~ to ~~contemplate while shopping for~~ a ~~condo in Singapore Eventually~~, ~~your corporate present picks in Singapore can provide your online business an edge over your area of interest contemporaries~~, ~~so make it count! Avant Parc stands out as solely launch in December New Rental 2014 in January<br><br>Alternative~~ of ~~units~~. ~~There is~~ a ~~motive why queues kind up before~~ a ~~new launch starts. The folks in the front of~~ the ~~queue will be capable to select from many models which~~ are ~~open on~~ the ~~market~~. ~~Those who are late to~~ the ~~launch are normally left with units with lesser demand~~ as ~~those which might be most engaging are already taken up by the early birds~~. ~~So if in case you have set your mind on buying a selected development~~, ~~being an early chicken~~ is ~~advisable. When you've got all~~ the ~~time wanted your dream apartment in Singapore or London,~~ the ~~time~~ to ~~buy is now. After~~ the ~~melancholy~~, ~~property prices have fallen and folks have begun investing immediately. New Launch Kingsford Hillview Peak March How New Property Launches are Altering within~~ the ~~Face of a Slowing Market (at Propwise.sg)<br><br>Singapore's Grasp Plan 2013 focuses on bringing a change~~ to the ~~varied townships by making them greener and more well-connected~~, ~~and by forging stronger communities. The Grasp Plan makes this potential by bringing quality jobs nearer~~ to ~~folks's home, expanding~~ the ~~enterprise sector~~, ~~providing a better living surroundings, as well as enhancing~~ the ~~transport system and accessibility across town~~. ~~These were a number of~~ the ~~salient points mentioned within~~ the ~~Grasp Plan on~~ the ~~development of Singapore over the subsequent 5 to 10 years.~~<br><br>~~Starting a business generally is a daunting job as there~~ are ~~a variety of actions concerned in establishing a company~~. ~~In case you have~~ a ~~lot~~ of ~~money to invest in your online business then you may hire consultants who can directly assist you to in establishing the business~~ of ~~your choice~~. ~~To get the perfect offers, it~~'~~s important to know the factors~~, ~~which contribute in the direction of the willpower~~ of ~~costs. Although~~, ~~precise pricing for various carriers working in numerous countries could differ~~, ~~nevertheless, the final parameters are considerably related globally in keeping with specialists~~. ~~On this Article you will get details about the place you possibly can choose Gift for any event like Father~~'~~s Day and the place is the most effective assortment~~ of ~~Gifts for Eid ul Fitr and Eid ul Adha and so on~~.		'''Winsorising''' or '''Winsorization''' (this is also sometimes called Georgization{{citation needed\|date=November 2013}}) is the transformation of [[statistic]]s by limiting [[extreme value]]s in the [[statistics\|statistical]] data to reduce the effect of possibly spurious [[outliers]]. It is named after the engineer-turned-biostatistician [[Charles P. Winsor]] (1895–1951). The effect is the same as [[clipping (signal processing)\|clipping]] in signal processing.

			The distribution of many [[statistic]]s can be heavily influenced by [[outlier]]s. A typical strategy is to set all outliers to a specified [[percentile]] of the data; for example, a 90% Winsorisation would see all data below the 5th percentile set to the 5th percentile, and data above the 95th percentile set to the 95th percentile.
			Winsorised [[estimator]]s are usually more [[robust statistics\|robust]] to outliers than their more standard forms, although there are alternatives, such as [[Trimmed estimator\|trimming]], that will achieve a similar effect.

			== Example ==
			Consider the data set consisting of:
			:<math>\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \mathbf{153}, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \mathbf{-40}, \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 20)</math>
			The 5th percentile lies between -40 and 2, while the 95th percentile lies between 101 and 153. (Values shown in bold.)
			Then a 90% Winsorisation would result in the following:
			:<math>\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \mathbf{101}, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \mathbf{2}, \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 20)</math>

			== Distinction from trimming ==
			Note that Winsorizing is not equivalent to simply excluding data, which is a simpler procedure, called [[trimmed estimator\|trimming]] or [[Truncation (statistics)\|truncation]], but is a method of [[Censoring (statistics)\|censoring]] data.

			In a trimmed estimator, the extreme values are ''discarded;'' in a Winsorized estimator, the extreme values are instead ''replaced'' by certain percentiles (the trimmed minimum and maximum).

			Thus a [[Winsorized mean]] is not the same as a [[truncated mean]].
			For instance, the 10% trimmed mean is the average of the 5th to 95th percentile of the data, while the 90% Winsorised mean sets the bottom 5% to the 5th percentile, the top 5% to the 95th percentile, and then averages the data. In the previous example the trimmed mean would be obtained from the smaller set:
			:<math>\{92, 19, \mathbf{101}, 58, \quad 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, \quad \mathbf{101}, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 25, \mathbf{2}, 41\} \qquad (N = 18)</math>

			More formally, they are distinct because the [[order statistics]] are not independent.

			== References ==

			* Hasings, C., Mosteller, F., Tukey, J.W., Winsor, C.P. (1947) ''Low moments for small samples: a comparative study of order statistics'', [[Annals of Mathematical Statistics]], 18, 413–426.
			* W. J. Dixon (1960). ''Simplified Estimation from Censored Normal Samples'', The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 31, 385–391.
			* [[John Tukey\|J. W. Tukey]] (1962) ''The Future of Data Analysis'', The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 33, p. 18

			[[Category:Statistical theory]]
			[[Category:Robust statistics]]


			{{Statistics-stub}}

en>Luckas-bot: r2.7.1) (Robot: Adding ta:மாயத் தொடர்

2012-01-22T13:24:07Z

r2.7.1) (Robot: Adding ta:மாயத் தொடர்

New page

When looking to buy luxury condos or penthouses in Singapore , the most well-liked properties are surrounding the town area. You probably have a map of Singapore and draw a semi-circle with the southern tip of Singapore as the middle, these are where the prime condos are located. In the same method that one group of individuals can't arbitrarily determine which flavors of toaster pastries, which sorts of automobiles, or what dimension of houses are acceptable for everyone, no group can determine the proper form airline security. There is no such thing as a one size fits all solution; some folks will want more safety than others and might be keen to pay further for it. On our website, you will be able to search out a wide range of new launch property and rental in Singapore, whether it's residential or business and whichever district is it [http://www.ericandscott.com/members/tuoeugen/activity/435988/ hdb new launch] in. Not only it makes finding your ideal property straightforward, you will also have the chance to obtain first-hand information and special pricings before the official launch/launch. Whether or not or not you're relocating to the Round Rock house and in the hunt for luxurious neighborhood residing or simply making the move to a brand new place and wish affordability, this listing of Spherical Rock flats will present you how to. Research what to seek for in your subsequent residence search and what to run away from. Find out if your landlord or their agents are rude to tenants on-line and off on account of this is how they may take care of you. Rent is due on the first of the month. It's late the second day. This have to be the proprietor and property manager's protection by means of the vacations. Learn additional to go looking out out why. The data contained herein is subject to change and cannot form a part of a proposal or contract. While every reasonable care has been taken in providing this information, bestnewlaunches.com or its agent can't be held responsible for any inaccuracies. Challenge information, costs, opinions, images, artist impressions, plans, measurements and color representations in this web site are offered as an indicative information only and subject to change at any time. Investment in property is considered as probably the most lucrative funding, since way back. The worth of the property hardly goes down and on the similar time one may earn handsome return by utilizing the property Funding in property is considered is always as one of the lucrative investments. Ask any of the financial advisors, nobody will inform you that don't go for the properties Other than the above ones, there are other issues akin to restaurants, parking, owner storage locker, and so on. that you need to contemplate while shopping for a condo in Singapore Eventually, your corporate present picks in Singapore can provide your online business an edge over your area of interest contemporaries, so make it count! Avant Parc stands out as solely launch in December New Rental 2014 in January Alternative of units. There is a motive why queues kind up before a new launch starts. The folks in the front of the queue will be capable to select from many models which are open on the market. Those who are late to the launch are normally left with units with lesser demand as those which might be most engaging are already taken up by the early birds. So if in case you have set your mind on buying a selected development, being an early chicken is advisable. When you've got all the time wanted your dream apartment in Singapore or London, the time to buy is now. After the melancholy, property prices have fallen and folks have begun investing immediately. New Launch Kingsford Hillview Peak March How New Property Launches are Altering within the Face of a Slowing Market (at Propwise.sg) Singapore's Grasp Plan 2013 focuses on bringing a change to the varied townships by making them greener and more well-connected, and by forging stronger communities. The Grasp Plan makes this potential by bringing quality jobs nearer to folks's home, expanding the enterprise sector, providing a better living surroundings, as well as enhancing the transport system and accessibility across town. These were a number of the salient points mentioned within the Grasp Plan on the development of Singapore over the subsequent 5 to 10 years. Starting a business generally is a daunting job as there are a variety of actions concerned in establishing a company. In case you have a lot of money to invest in your online business then you may hire consultants who can directly assist you to in establishing the business of your choice. To get the perfect offers, it's important to know the factors, which contribute in the direction of the willpower of costs. Although, precise pricing for various carriers working in numerous countries could differ, nevertheless, the final parameters are considerably related globally in keeping with specialists. On this Article you will get details about the place you possibly can choose Gift for any event like Father's Day and the place is the most effective assortment of Gifts for Eid ul Fitr and Eid ul Adha and so on.