https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Running_angleRunning angle - Revision history2026-04-10T21:35:58ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Running_angle&diff=8691&oldid=preven>Zvika: formatting2008-11-09T19:28:40Z<p>formatting</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:CopperSulphateElectrode.png|thumb|300px|Diagram of an electrode used in the field]]<br />
The '''copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode''' is a [[reference electrode]] of the first kind,<ref>Protopopoff, et al, pg 15</ref> based on the [[redox]] reaction with participation of the metal ([[copper]]) and its salt, [[copper(II) sulfate]].<br />
It is used for measuring [[electrochemical potential]] and is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing [[cathodic protection]] [[corrosion]] control systems.<ref>Peabody p.3</ref> The corresponding equation can be presented as follow:<br />
:Cu<sup>2+</sup> + 2e<sup>-</sup> &rarr; Cu<sup>0</sup>(metal)<br />
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This reaction characterized by reversible and fast electrode kinetics,<ref>Protopopoff, et al, pg 13</ref> meaning that a sufficiently high current can be passed through the electrode with the 100% efficiency of the redox reaction ([[solvation|dissolution]] of the metal or cathodic [[Deposition (chemistry)|deposition]] of the copper-ions).<br />
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The [[Nernst equation]] below shows the dependence of the potential of the copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode on the [[activity (chemistry)|activity]] or [[concentration]] copper-ions:<br />
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:<math><br />
E=0.337 + \frac{RT}{2F} \ln a_{\rm Cu^{2+}}<br />
</math><ref>Protopopoff, et al, pg 15, Eq 2</ref><br />
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Commercial reference electrodes consist of a plastic tube holding the copper rod and saturated solution of copper sulfate. A porous plug on one end allows contact with the copper sulfate [[electrolyte]]. The copper rod protrudes out of the tube. A [[voltmeter]] negative lead is connected to the copper rod.<br />
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The potential of a copper copper sulfate electrode is +0.314 [[volt]] with respect to the [[standard hydrogen electrode]].{{citation needed|date=February 2012}} Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode is also used as a one of the [[half cell]]s in the [[Daniel-Jakobi element|Daniel-Jakobi]] galvanic cell.<br />
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==Applications==<br />
* [[Copper coulometer]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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==References==<br />
* E. Protopopoff and P. Marcus, Potential Measurements with Reference Electrodes, Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection, Vol 13A, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 2003, p 13-16<br />
* A.W. Peabody, Peabody's Control of Pipeline Corrosion, 2nd Ed., 2001, NACE International. ISBN 1-57590-092-0<br />
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[[Category:Electrodes]]<br />
[[Category:Corrosion prevention]]</div>en>Zvika