Transition of state - Revision history

en>Colonies Chris: sp, date & link fixes; unlinking common words, replaced: ’s → 's (2), bra-ket → bra–ket using AWB

2014-03-14T20:09:58Z

sp, date & link fixes; unlinking common words, replaced: ’s → 's (2), bra-ket → bra–ket using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:09, 14 March 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~You cannot lose weight without train. If~~ you ~~hate exercising and want to lose weight~~, ~~sorry to be blunt~~ but it ain't gonna be happen. Ought to is its actually sort of straightforward. You are afraid to go to gym two hours everyday. Walk, jog, play sport, any physical activity on a new normal basis -about half a session everyday - is necessary to need.<br><br>		I would like to introduce myself to you, I am Ava Coney but you can connect with me anything at all you like. Credit history authorising is my working [http://Mondediplo.com/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=day+task day task] now. What me and my loved ones love is to engage in country new music and now I have time to just take on new issues. Arkansas is the only spot I've been residing in. I've been working on my internet site for some time now. Check out it out listed here: http://www.rafer.es/_notes/catalogo/calvin-klein-underwear.html<br><br>Feel free to surf to my web site: [http://www.rafer.es/_notes/catalogo/calvin-klein-underwear.html Calvin Klein Underwear]

	~~1) Look for all-natural, real ingredients. Be certain to~~ can ~~pronounce~~ all ~~the ingredients on the label. Should~~ you ~~not read it, don't eat it! From weight gain to chronic disease, processed ingredients actually are a definite no-no for Weight Loss and the kitchen connoisseur~~.~~<br><br>The worst part concerning this scam actuality that you may not even get the product you ordered~~. ~~Sometimes people obtain the supplements and often they might not~~. ~~Even if you need to do get the promised sample, your charge will be charged up to $89 each indefinitely~~.~~<br><br>Hoodia Gordonii - This very popular diet remedy has proven to control hunger~~ and ~~cravings, rendering it easy for anyone on a diet~~ to in ~~order~~ to ~~their plan and achieve this without need~~.~~feeling hungry.<br><br>Having an every day healthy weight loss plan~~ is ~~approaches to guarantee when a person receive~~ the ~~weight off about to stay off. It will also send you to feel the whole lot better about yourself and your current health is actually going to~~ in ~~far larger shape~~. ~~There~~'~~s always something good make vid lifestyle too as your body will thank you~~ for ~~who's. Your energy levels will be at a detailed~~ time ~~high and you will be amazed at how a great deal of a difference there is between following your healthy diet regime and just eating whatever is around the corner~~.<br><br>Calorie-Counting enables you to limit the consumption of calories with regard to an abnormally low level. When you eat low calorie foods, calls for no incentive for program to build metabolic rate since enables to burn [http://~~cos~~.~~knu~~.~~ac.kr~~/xe/~~?document_srl=448377 Prima Cleanse] only several calories. The result is that your metabolic rate always remains at a very low level~~. ~~When your metabolic rates are low, you're able to burn fat!~~<br><br>~~One must decide when~~ to ~~consume~~ [http://vai.la/7Lio Prima Cleanse] bananas an individual can have your own schedule or number of pieces to eat. You can eat 2 bananas thrice a day, or purchase mix it with meals, and use them also being a snack. ~~Any mode or type, chose the best mode that works best for you~~.<br><br>Women are sometimes scared of lifting household names because appear to think that they'll get ripped. It's extremely difficult to bulk up as a woman, would certainly to dispel that involve. What lifting heavier weights will do is boost up strength likewise as your muscle mass, [http://~~s287801923.online.de~~/~~index~~.~~php?mod=users&action=view&id=16436 Prima Cleanse Reviews~~] ~~which will reduce the entire body fat percentage. More muscle mass doesn't mean 'big', it simply means more compact.~~

en>Wavelength: inserting 2 hyphens: —> "one-dimensional" [2 instances]—wikt:one-dimensional

2014-02-20T04:08:30Z

inserting 2 hyphens: —> "one-dimensional" [2 instances]—wikt:one-dimensional

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:08, 20 February 2014
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	~~'''Linguistic sequence complexity''' (LC) is a measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of a text.<ref name=Trifonov1990>{{cite book\| author=[[Edward N~~. ~~Trifonov]] \|year=1990\| book=Structure & Methods\| title=Structure~~ and ~~Methods\| series= Human Genome Initiative and DNA Recombination\| volume=1\| pages=69–77\|chapter=Making sense of the human genome\|publisher=Adenine Press~~, ~~New York}}</ref>~~		You cannot lose weight without train. If you hate exercising and want to lose weight, sorry to be blunt but it ain't gonna be happen. Ought to is its actually sort of straightforward. You are afraid to go to gym two hours everyday. Walk, jog, play sport, any physical activity on a new normal basis -about half a session everyday - is necessary to need.<br><br>
	~~When a [[nucleotide]] sequence is written as text using a four-letter alphabet, the repetitiveness of the text, that~~ is~~, the repetition of~~ its ~~[[N-gram\|N-grams (words)]], can be calculated and serves as a measure~~ of ~~sequence complexity~~. ~~Thus~~, ~~the more complex a [[DNA sequence]]~~, ~~the richer its [[oligonucleotide]] vocabulary~~, whereas repetitious sequences have relatively lower complexities. Subsequent work improved the original algorithm described in ([[Edward Trifonov\|Trifonov]] 1990)<ref name=Trifonov1990/> without changing the essence of the linguistic complexity approach.<ref name=Gabrielian1999>{{cite doi\|10.1016/S0097-~~8485(99)00007~~-~~8\|noedit}}</ref><ref name=Orlov2004>{{cite doi\|10~~.~~1093/nar/gkh466\|noedit}}</ref>~~<~~ref name=Janson2004~~>~~{{cite doi\|10.1016/j.tcs.2004.06.023\|noedit}}~~<~~/ref~~>

	~~The meaning of LC may be better understood by regarding the presentation of a sequence as a [[Tree (data structure~~)~~\|tree]] of~~ all ~~subsequences of~~ the ~~given sequence~~. ~~The most complex sequences have maximally balanced trees~~, ~~while~~ the ~~measure of imbalance or tree asymmetry serves as a complexity measure~~. ~~The number of nodes at the tree level {{math\|~~<~~var~~>i<~~/var~~>~~}} is equal to~~ the ~~actual vocabulary size of words with~~ the ~~length {{math\|<var>i</var>}} in a given sequence;~~ the ~~number of nodes in the most balanced tree~~, ~~which corresponds~~ to ~~the most complex sequence of length N, at the tree level {{math\|~~<~~var~~>i<~~/var~~>~~}} is either 4<sup>i</sup> or N~~-~~j+1~~, ~~whichever is smaller~~. ~~Complexity ({{math\|~~<~~var~~>C<~~/var~~>~~}}) of a sequence fragment (with~~ a ~~length RW) can be directly calculated as~~ the ~~product of vocabulary-usage measures (U<sub>i</sub>):<ref name=Gabrielian1999 />~~		1) Look for all-natural, real ingredients. Be certain to can pronounce all the ingredients on the label. Should you not read it, don't eat it! From weight gain to chronic disease, processed ingredients actually are a definite no-no for Weight Loss and the kitchen connoisseur.<br><br>The worst part concerning this scam actuality that you may not even get the product you ordered. Sometimes people obtain the supplements and often they might not. Even if you need to do get the promised sample, your charge will be charged up to $89 each indefinitely.<br><br>Hoodia Gordonii - This very popular diet remedy has proven to control hunger and cravings, rendering it easy for anyone on a diet to in order to their plan and achieve this without need.feeling hungry.<br><br>Having an every day healthy weight loss plan is approaches to guarantee when a person receive the weight off about to stay off. It will also send you to feel the whole lot better about yourself and your current health is actually going to in far larger shape. There's always something good make vid lifestyle too as your body will thank you for who's. Your energy levels will be at a detailed time high and you will be amazed at how a great deal of a difference there is between following your healthy diet regime and just eating whatever is around the corner.<br><br>Calorie-Counting enables you to limit the consumption of calories with regard to an abnormally low level. When you eat low calorie foods, calls for no incentive for program to build metabolic rate since enables to burn [http://cos.knu.ac.kr/xe/?document_srl=448377 Prima Cleanse] only several calories. The result is that your metabolic rate always remains at a very low level. When your metabolic rates are low, you're able to burn fat!<br><br>One must decide when to consume [http://vai.la/7Lio Prima Cleanse] bananas an individual can have your own schedule or number of pieces to eat. You can eat 2 bananas thrice a day, or purchase mix it with meals, and use them also being a snack. Any mode or type, chose the best mode that works best for you.<br><br>Women are sometimes scared of lifting household names because appear to think that they'll get ripped. It's extremely difficult to bulk up as a woman, would certainly to dispel that involve. What lifting heavier weights will do is boost up strength likewise as your muscle mass, [http://s287801923.online.de/index.php?mod=users&action=view&id=16436 Prima Cleanse Reviews] which will reduce the entire body fat percentage. More muscle mass doesn't mean 'big', it simply means more compact.

	~~<math>C = U_1 U_2~~...~~U_i....U_w </math>~~

	~~Vocabulary usage for [[oligomers]]~~ of a ~~given size {{math\|~~<~~var~~>i<~~/var~~>~~}} can be defined as~~ the ~~ratio~~ of ~~the actual vocabulary size of a given sequence~~ to ~~the maximal possible vocabulary size for a sequence of that length~~. ~~For example~~, ~~U<sub>2</sub>~~ for ~~the sequence ACGGGAAGCTGATTCCA = 14~~/~~16, as it contains 14 of 16 possible different dinucleotides; U<sub>3<~~/~~sub> for the same sequence = 15~~/~~15, and U<sub>4<~~/~~sub>~~=~~14/14~~. ~~For the sequence ACACACACACACACACA~~, U<~~sub~~>1<~~/sub~~>=1/~~2; U<sub>2<~~/~~sub>=2~~/~~16=0~~.~~125~~, as it ~~has a simple vocabulary of only two dinucleotides; U<sub>3</sub> for this sequence = 2/15. k-tuples~~ with ~~k from two to W considered~~, ~~while W depends on RW~~. ~~For RW values less than 18~~, ~~W is equal to 3;~~ for ~~RW less than 67, W is equal to 4; for RW<260, W=5; for RW<1029, W=6, and so on~~. ~~The value of {{math\|~~<~~var~~>C<~~/var~~>~~}} provides a measure~~ of ~~sequence complexity in the range 0<C<1 for various DNA sequence fragments of a given length~~.~~<ref name=Gabrielian1999 />~~
	This formula is different from the original LC measure<ref name=Trifonov1990/> in two respects: in the way vocabulary usage U<sub>i</sub> is calculated, and because {{math\|<var>i</var>}} is not in the range of 2 to ~~N-1 but only~~ up to W. ~~This limitation on the range of U<sub>i<~~/~~sub> makes the algorithm substantially more efficient without loss of power.<ref name=Gabrielian1999~~ />

	This sequence analysis complexity calculation can be used to search for conserved regions between compared sequences for the detection of low-complexity regions including simple sequence repeats, imperfect [[Direct repeat\|direct]] or [[inverted repeat]]s, polypurine and polypyrimidine [[Triple-stranded DNA\|triple-stranded DNA structures]], and four-stranded structures (such as [[G-quadruplex]]es).~~<ref name=Kalendar2011>{{cite doi\|10~~.~~1016~~/~~j.ygeno.2011.04~~.~~009\|noedit}}</ref>~~

	== ~~References~~ ==
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~[[Category:Nucleic acids]]~~
	~~[[Category:Bioinformatics]~~]

en>KConWiki at 03:15, 1 August 2012

2012-08-01T03:15:39Z

New page

'''Linguistic sequence complexity''' (LC) is a measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of a text.<ref name=Trifonov1990>{{cite book| author=[[Edward N. Trifonov]] |year=1990| book=Structure & Methods| title=Structure and Methods| series= Human Genome Initiative and DNA Recombination| volume=1| pages=69–77|chapter=Making sense of the human genome|publisher=Adenine Press, New York}}</ref>
When a [[nucleotide]] sequence is written as text using a four-letter alphabet, the repetitiveness of the text, that is, the repetition of its [[N-gram|N-grams (words)]], can be calculated and serves as a measure of sequence complexity. Thus, the more complex a [[DNA sequence]], the richer its [[oligonucleotide]] vocabulary, whereas repetitious sequences have relatively lower complexities. Subsequent work improved the original algorithm described in ([[Edward Trifonov|Trifonov]] 1990)<ref name=Trifonov1990/> without changing the essence of the linguistic complexity approach.<ref name=Gabrielian1999>{{cite doi|10.1016/S0097-8485(99)00007-8|noedit}}</ref><ref name=Orlov2004>{{cite doi|10.1093/nar/gkh466|noedit}}</ref><ref name=Janson2004>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.tcs.2004.06.023|noedit}}</ref>

The meaning of LC may be better understood by regarding the presentation of a sequence as a [[Tree (data structure)|tree]] of all subsequences of the given sequence. The most complex sequences have maximally balanced trees, while the measure of imbalance or tree asymmetry serves as a complexity measure. The number of nodes at the tree level {{math|<var>i</var>}} is equal to the actual vocabulary size of words with the length {{math|<var>i</var>}} in a given sequence; the number of nodes in the most balanced tree, which corresponds to the most complex sequence of length N, at the tree level {{math|<var>i</var>}} is either 4i or N-j+1, whichever is smaller. Complexity ({{math|<var>C</var>}}) of a sequence fragment (with a length RW) can be directly calculated as the product of vocabulary-usage measures (Ui):<ref name=Gabrielian1999 />

<math>C = U_1 U_2...U_i....U_w </math>

Vocabulary usage for [[oligomers]] of a given size {{math|<var>i</var>}} can be defined as the ratio of the actual vocabulary size of a given sequence to the maximal possible vocabulary size for a sequence of that length. For example, U2 for the sequence ACGGGAAGCTGATTCCA = 14/16, as it contains 14 of 16 possible different dinucleotides; U3 for the same sequence = 15/15, and U4=14/14. For the sequence ACACACACACACACACA, U1=1/2; U2=2/16=0.125, as it has a simple vocabulary of only two dinucleotides; U3 for this sequence = 2/15. k-tuples with k from two to W considered, while W depends on RW. For RW values less than 18, W is equal to 3; for RW less than 67, W is equal to 4; for RW<260, W=5; for RW<1029, W=6, and so on. The value of {{math|<var>C</var>}} provides a measure of sequence complexity in the range 0<C<1 for various DNA sequence fragments of a given length.<ref name=Gabrielian1999 />
This formula is different from the original LC measure<ref name=Trifonov1990/> in two respects: in the way vocabulary usage Ui is calculated, and because {{math|<var>i</var>}} is not in the range of 2 to N-1 but only up to W. This limitation on the range of Ui makes the algorithm substantially more efficient without loss of power.<ref name=Gabrielian1999 />

This sequence analysis complexity calculation can be used to search for conserved regions between compared sequences for the detection of low-complexity regions including simple sequence repeats, imperfect [[Direct repeat|direct]] or [[inverted repeat]]s, polypurine and polypyrimidine [[Triple-stranded DNA|triple-stranded DNA structures]], and four-stranded structures (such as [[G-quadruplex]]es).<ref name=Kalendar2011>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.04.009|noedit}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Nucleic acids]]
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]