en>BG19bot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fix for #61. Punctuation goes before References. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (8853)

2013-01-11T01:50:59Z

WP:CHECKWIKI error fix for #61. Punctuation goes before References. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (8853)

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	I'~~m Kristina~~ and ~~I live~~ in ~~Sint Anthonis~~. <br>~~I'm interested~~ in ~~Occupational Therapy~~, ~~Radio~~-~~Controlled Car Racing~~ and ~~Swedish art~~. ~~I like~~ to ~~travel~~ and ~~watching Two and a Half Men~~.<br><br><br>http://~~brokerltd~~.com - ~~cpa network~~<br><br>~~My blog [~~http://~~brokerltd~~.com/~~pub_cpm_network~~.html ~~webmaster~~]		{{EngvarB\|date=September 2013}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2013}}
			{{Infobox book \| <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
			\| name = Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe
			\| title_orig =
			\| translator =
			\| image = [[File:Cycles of Time Penrose 2010.jpg\|150px]]
			\| caption = Bodley Head 1st edition front cover
			\| author = [[Roger Penrose]]
			\| illustrator =
			\| cover_artist = Getty Images
			\| country = United Kingdom
			\| language = English
			\| series =
			\| subject = Science, Mathematics, [[Cosmology]], [[Physics]]
			\| publisher = [[Bodley Head]] (UK)
			[[Alfred A. Knopf\|Knopf]] (US)
			\| release_date = 23 September 2010
			May 3, 2011 (US)
			\| media_type = Print (hardback)
			\| pages = 288 pp.
			\| isbn = 978-0-224-08036-1
			\| oclc=
			\| congress = QB991.C92 P46 2010
			\| preceded_by = [[The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe]]
			\| followed_by =
			}}

			'''''Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe''''' is a science book by [[mathematical physicist]] [[Roger Penrose]] published by [[The Bodley Head]] in 2010. The book outlines Penrose's [[Conformal Cyclic Cosmology]] (CCC) model, which is an extension of [[general relativity]] but opposed to the widely supported multidimensional [[String theory\|string theories]] and [[Inflation (cosmology)\|cosmological inflation]] following the [[Big Bang]].

			==Contents==
			* Preface
			* Acknowledgements
			* Prologue

			===Part 1. The Second Law and its underlying mystery===
			* 1.1 The relentless march of randomness
			* 1.2 Entropy, as state counting
			* 1.3 Phase space, and Boltzmann's definition of entropy
			* 1.4 The robustness of the entropy concept
			* 1.5 The inexorable increase of entropy into the future
			* 1.6 Why is the past different?

			===Part 2. The oddly special nature of the Big Bang===
			* 2.1 Our expanding universe
			* 2.2 The ubiquitous microwave background
			* 2.3 Space-time, null cones, metrics, conformal geometry
			* 2.4 Black holes and space-time singularities
			* 2.5 Conformal diagrams and conformal boundaries
			* 2.6 Understanding the way the Big Bang was special

			===Part 3. Conformal cyclic cosmology===
			* 3.1 Connecting with infinity
			* 3.2 The structure of CCC
			* 3.3 Earlier pre-Big-Bang proposals
			* 3.4 Squaring the Second Law
			* 3.5 CCC and quantum gravity
			* 3.6 Observational implications

			* "Epilogue"
			* "Appendices"
			* "Notes"
			* "Index"

			==Synopsis==
			Penrose examines implications of the [[Second law of thermodynamics\|Second Law]] of Thermodynamics and its inevitable march toward a maximum [[entropy]] state of the [[universe]]. Illustrating entropy in terms of information state [[phase space]] (with 1 dimension for every [[Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)\|degree of freedom]]) where particles end up moving through ever larger grains of this phase space from smaller grains over time due to random motion. He disagrees with [[Stephen Hawking]]'s back-track<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Hawking\|first=S.W.\|title=Information Loss in Black Holes\|journal=Physical Review D\|date=18 July 2005\|year=2005\|volume=72\|issue=8 \|pages=084013\|arxiv=hep-th/0507171 \| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.084013 \|bibcode = 2005PhRvD..72h4013H }}</ref> over whether [[Black hole information paradox\|information is destroyed]] when matter enters [[black holes]]. Such information loss would non-trivially lower total entropy in the universe as the black holes wither away due to [[Hawking radiation]], resulting in a loss in phase space degrees of freedom.

			Penrose goes on further to state that over enormous scales of time (beyond 10<sup>100</sup> years), distance ceases to be meaningful as all [[mass]] breaks down into extremely [[red shift\|red-shifted]] [[photon]] energy, whereupon time has no influence, and the universe continues to expand without event <math>\rightarrow \infty</math>. This period from Big Bang to infinite expansion Penrose defines as an [[aeon]]. The smooth [[no-hair theorem\|“hairless”]] [[Infinity\|infinite]] oblivion of the previous aeon becomes the low-entropy Big Bang state of the next aeon cycle. [[Conformal geometry]] preserves the angles but not the distances of the previous aeon, allowing the new aeon universe to appear quite small at its inception as its phase space starts anew.

			Penrose cites concentric rings found in the [[WMAP]] [[cosmic microwave background]] survey as preliminary evidence for his model, as he predicted black hole collisions from the previous aeon would leave such structures due to ripples of [[gravitational waves]].

			==Reception==
			Most nonexpert critics (nonscientists) have found the book a challenge to fully comprehend; a few such as ''[[Kirkus reviews]]''<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe – Review\|journal=Kirkus Reviews\|date=4/1/2011\|year=2011\|month=April}}</ref> and Doug Johnstone for ''[[The Scotsman]]''<ref>{{cite news\|last=Johnstone\|first=Doug\|title=Book reviews: The Grand Design {{!}} Cycles of Time\|url=http://living.scotsman.com/books/Book-reviews-The-Grand-Design.6538072.jp\|accessdate=26 May 2011\|newspaper=The Scotsman\|date=19 September 2010}}</ref> appreciate the against the grain innovative ideas Penrose puts forth. [[Quantum (book)\|Manjit Kumar]] reviewing for ''[[The Guardian]]'' admires the [[Russian doll]] geometry play of the CCC concept, framing it as an idea of which [[M. C. Escher]] "would have approved".<ref>{{cite news\|last=Kumar\|first=Manjit\|title=Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe by Roger Penrose – review\|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/oct/16/cycles-time-roger-penrose-review\|accessdate=27 May 2011\|newspaper=The Guardian\|date=16 October 2010}}</ref> Graham Storrs for the ''New York Journal of Books'' concedes that this is not the book that an unambitious lay person should plunge into.<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Storrs\|first=Graham\|title=Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe\|journal=New York Journal of Books\|date=3 May 2011\|accessdate=26 May 2011\|url=http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/review/cycles-time-extraordinary-new-view-universe}}</ref> The American fiction writer [[Anthony Doerr]] in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' writes "Penrose has never shied away from including mathematics in his texts, and kudos to his publisher for honoring that wish. That said, the second half of ''Cycles of Time'' offers some seriously hard sledding" "If you'll forgive a skiing metaphor, ''Cycles of Time'' is a black diamond of a book."<ref>{{cite news\|last=Doerr\|first=Anthony\|title=The music of physics\|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-28691694.html\|accessdate=15 April 2012\|newspaper=The Boston Globe\|date=15 May 2011\|agency=(subscription required)}}</ref>

			==Notes==
			{{Empty section\|date=September 2011}}

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

			{{Roger Penrose}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Cycles of Time (book)}}
			[[Category:2010 books]]
			[[Category:Science books]]
			[[Category:Cosmology books]]
			[[Category:Physics books]]
			[[Category:Information theory]]
			[[Category:Works by Roger Penrose]]
			[[Category:The Bodley Head books]]

en>Melcombe: {{Primary sources|date=January 2012}}

2012-01-11T23:38:39Z

{{Primary sources|date=January 2012}}

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I'm Kristina and I live in Sint Anthonis. I'm interested in Occupational Therapy, Radio-Controlled Car Racing and Swedish art. I like to travel and watching Two and a Half Men. http://brokerltd.com - cpa network My blog [http://brokerltd.com/pub_cpm_network.html webmaster]

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en>BG19bot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fix for #61. Punctuation goes before References. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (8853)

en>Melcombe: {{Primary sources|date=January 2012}}