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'''Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri''' ([[Arabic]]: '''ابن يونس''') (c. 950-1009) was an important [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] [[Islamic astronomy|Muslim astronomer]] and [[Islamic mathematics|mathematician]],<ref>[[Ivan van Sertima]], ''Egypt: Child of Africa'', p. 337.</ref><ref>Science & Technology in the Islamic World - Page 77</ref><ref>Science in Medieval Islam: an illustrated introduction by Howard R. Turner - Page 65</ref><ref>Eternal Egypt. [http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&story_id=&module_id=&language_id=1&element_id=1327 Ibn-Yunus El-Falaky].</ref> whose works are noted for being ahead of their time, having been based on meticulous calculations and attention to detail.


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The crater [[Ibn Yunus (crater)|Ibn Yunus]] on the [[Moon]] is named after him.
 
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Information regarding his early life and education is uncertain. He was born in [[Egypt]] between 950 and 952 and came from a respected family in [[Fostat|Fustat]]. His father was a historian, biographer and scholar of [[hadith]], who wrote two volumes about the history of Egypt—one about the [[Egyptians]] and one based on traveler commentary on Egypt.<ref>Eternal Egypt. [http://www.eternalegypt.org/EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.display.element&story_id=&module_id=&language_id=1&element_id=2019 Ibn Yunus The Historian].</ref> A prolific writer, Ibn Yunus' father has been described as "Egypt's most celebrated early historian and first known compiler of a biographical dictionary devoted exclusively to Egyptians".<ref>Eickelman, Dale F. James Piscatori. ''Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. p. 58</ref> His great grandfather had been an associate of the noted legal scholar [[Imam Shafi]].


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Early in the life of Ibn Yunus, the [[Fatimid]] [[dynasty]] came to power and the new city of [[Cairo]] was founded. In Cairo, he worked as an astronomer for the Fatimid dynasty for twenty-six years, first for the [[Caliph]] [[al-Aziz]] and then for [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|al-Hakim]]. Ibn Yunus dedicated his most famous astronomical work, ''al-Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi'', to the latter.
 
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Michael Kirst, an emeritus professor at Stanford University, says excitement over the program resulted in education districts hiring "all sorts of teachers just off the street" who was missing any formal training. Space or room shortages forced schools to hold the particular newly created classes in corridors and closets and on audience stages.<br><br>Nonetheless, Kirst says, this system was popular. "One lesson coming from California is that with mom and dad, smaller class size is overwhelmingly favorable, and they don't give you a fig about the research that says to state again to help their kids," he says. "They intuitively believe that small school sizes will allow more man or women attention."Dan Goldhaber of the Center on Reinventing Open public Education at the University involving Washington Bothell says that "the effects of course size reduction are quite marginal," except in their early grades for disadvantaged individuals. 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===Astrology===
 
In [[astrology]], noted for making predictions and having written the ''Kitab bulugh al-umniyya'' ("On the Attainment of Desire"), a work concerning the [[heliacal rising]]s of [[Sirius]], and on predictions concerning what day of the week the [[Coptic calendar|Coptic]] year will start on.
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===Astronomy===
Ibn Yunus' most famous work in [[Islamic astronomy]], ''al-[[Zij]] al-Kabir al-Hakimi'' (c. 1000), was a handbook of astronomical tables which contained very accurate observations, many of which may have been obtained with very large astronomical instruments. According to N. M. Swerdlow, the ''Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi'' is "a work of outstanding originality of which just over half survives".<ref>N. M. Swerdlow (1993), "Montucla's Legacy: The History of the Exact Sciences", ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' '''54''' (2): 299-328 [320].</ref>


(CBS News) The European Foreign Ministry today drew a new parallel between reports this Syrian government forces has used substance weapons and claims from the administration of President George W. inspectors of Wednesday's assumed toxic gas attack to the eastern suburbs of the Syrian money. officials said the Federal government has "" the Assad regime throughout Syria is guilty of deadly compound weapon use.<br><br>"We once again [http://www.broomehovercraft.com.au/content/newsletter.asp?name=104-Abercrombie-Shop-Online Abercrombie Shop Online] decisively impulse (the United States) not to repeat this mistakes of the past and not to allow for actions that go against intercontinental law," the unfamiliar ministry said.<br><br>"Any unilateral military action passing up the United Nations," the actual statement continued, would bring about further escalation, "and will affect the previously explosive situation in the Middle East in the most devastating technique."<br><br>Anti government activists and Doctors Without Borders say that more than 300 people were murdered in the attack on September 21.<br><br>CBS News nation's security correspondent David Martin reported Friday that the Pentagon is making initial preparations for just a cruise missile attack for Syrian government forces, but currently the United States has had measured [http://www.broomehovercraft.com.au/content/newsletter.asp?name=82-Abercrombie-And-Fitch-Australia-Stockists Abercrombie And Fitch Australia Stockists] effort in the conflict which has said an estimated 100,000 Syrian everyday life.<br><br>The White House features approved limited military aid to Syrian rebels, mostly small arms and also training.<br><br>In a CNN meeting last week President Obama indicated the usa would not respond militarily to any using chemical weapons by the Assad federal without a mandate and assist from the international community.<br><br>"Without apparent evidence that can be presented, you also have questions in terms of whether global law supports it  can we have the coalition to make it operate?" 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These are typically internal struggles, and the celebrations inside those countries are going to have to sort it out amongst their selves."<br><br>Also on "Face the world," Sen. military intervention needs to be limited prohibiting the use of chemical like weapons of WMDs.<br><br>"I think we can't let ourselves get into a position where this becomes a springboard for any general military operations in Syria to try to change the dynamic," Reed said. "That dynamic is going to be long-term, very difficult, and ultimately established plus settled by the Syrians, not by means of foreign powers."<br><br>He said the threat of such weapons to your Middle East situation needed that any such military actions always be an international operation.<br><br>"It can't be a unilateral American approach," he said. "It has to have support internationally, not just for politically but militarily. 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We had a time to support moderate forces with toppling the Assad regime, and we failed to do that. Every time I recieve briefed on this issue, it declines because it's become a Mecca for the jihadists."<br><br>Now, McCaul said, "there's poor quality outcome" in the Syrian conflict.<br><br>On True basics "This Week," former Egypt foreign minister Amr Moussa said that if perhaps chemical weapons have been included in the Middle East, then the Un Security Council must take into account the matter.<ul>
Yunus expressed the solutions in his ''zij'' without mathematical symbols,<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830904759.html Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography], 2008</ref> but [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre|Delambre]] noted in his 1819 translation of the Hakemite tables that two of Ibn Yunus' methods for determining the time from solar or stellar altitude were equivalent to the trigonometric identity <math>2cos(a)cos(b) = cos(a+b)+cos(a-b)</math><ref>David A. King, '[http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1978JHA.....9..212K&db_key=AST&page_ind=6&plate_select=NO&data_type=GIF&type=SCREEN_GIF&classic=YES Islamic Math and Science]', Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 9, p.212</ref> identified in [[Johannes Werner]]'s 16th-century manuscript on conic sections. Now recognized as one of Werner's formulas, it was essential for the development of [[prosthaphaeresis]] and [[logarithms]] decades later.
 
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Ibn Yunus described 40 [[Conjunction (astronomy and astrology)|planetary conjunctions]] and 30 [[lunar eclipse]]s. For example, he accurately describes the planetary conjunction that occurred in the year 1000 as follows:
:A conjunction of Venus and Mercury in Gemini, observed in the western sky: The two planets were in conjunction after sunset on the night [of Sunday 19 May 1000]. The time was approximately eight equinoctial hours after midday on Sunday ... . Mercury was north of Venus and their latitude difference was a third of a degree.<ref name=MacTutor>{{MacTutor|id=Yunus|title=Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus}}</ref>


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Modern knowledge of the positions of the planets confirms that his description and his calculation of the distance being one third of a degree is exactly correct. Ibn Yunus's observations on conjunctions and [[eclipse]]s were used in [[Richard Dunthorne]] and [[Simon Newcomb]]s' respective calculations of the secular acceleration of the [[moon]].<ref name=MacTutor/><ref>Raymond Mercer (1994), 'English Orientalists and Mathematical Astronomy' in ''The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in 17th-Century England'', p.198</ref>
 
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Ibn Yunus is also thought to have been an [[Arabic poetry|Arabic poet]] though this is uncertain.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}


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  | last = Good
 
  | first = Gregory
  <li>[http://cutepign.cloud55.100asp.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=347070&fromuid=196781 http://cutepign.cloud55.100asp.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=347070&fromuid=196781]</li>
  | authorlink =
 
  | coauthors =
  <li>[http://new.t15.cc/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=218863 http://new.t15.cc/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=218863]</li>
  | title = Sciences of the Earth: An Encyclopedia of Events, People, and Phenomena
 
  | publisher = Routledge
  <li>[http://116.254.222.128/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1493709 http://116.254.222.128/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1493709]</li>
  | year = 1998
 
  | location =
</ul>
  | pages = 394
   | url = http://books.google.com/?id=vdqXVddh0hUC&printsec=frontcover
  | doi =
  | isbn = 0-8153-0062-X}}<br/>{{cite encyclopedia
  | title = Pendulum
  | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Americana
  | volume = 21
  | pages = 502
   | publisher = The Americana Corp.
   | url =http://books.google.com/?id=icRWAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Ibn+Yunis%22+pendulum
  | year = 1967
  | accessdate = 2009-02-20}}<br/>{{cite book
  | last = Baker
  | first = Cyril Clarence Thomas
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title = Dictionary of Mathematics
  | publisher = G. Newnes
  | year = 1961
  | location =
  | pages = 176
  | url = http://books.google.com/?id=RlkYAAAAMAAJ&q=Ibn+Yunis+pendulum&dq=Ibn+Yunis+pendulum
  | doi =
  | isbn = }}</ref> and popular accounts<ref>{{cite book
  | last = Newton
  | first = Roger G.
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title = Galileo's Pendulum: From the Rhythm of Time to the Making of Matter
  | publisher = Harvard University Press
  | year = 2004
  | location = US
  | pages = 52
  | url = http://books.google.com/?id=LWqwNY3qUfwC&pg=PA52
  | doi =
  | isbn =  0-674-01331-X}}</ref> continue to repeat the claim that the tenth century astronomer Ibn Yunus used a [[pendulum]] for time measurement, despite the fact that it has been known for nearly a hundred years that this is based on nothing more than an error made in 1684 by the Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford and Arabist [[Edward Bernard]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last=King
| first=D. A.
| title=Ibn Yunus and the pendulum: a history of errors
| journal=Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences
| year=1979
| volume=29
| issue=104
| pages=35–52 }}<br/>
{{cite journal
  | last =  Hall
  | first = Bert S.
  | authorlink =
  | coauthors =
  | title = The scholastic pendulum
  | journal =  Annals of Science
  | volume = 35
  | issue = 5
  | pages = 441–462
  | publisher = Taylor & Francis
  | date = September 1978
  | url = http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/00033797800200371
  | issn =  0003-3790
  | doi =10.1080/00033797800200371
  | accessdate = 2010-04-22}}<br/>
{{cite web
| author=O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F.
| date=November 1999
| url =http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Yunus.html
| title =Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus
| publisher =University of St Andrews
| accessdate = 2007-05-29 }}</ref>
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==External links==
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey et al | last = King | first = David A. | title=Ibn Yūnus: Abū al‐Ḥasan ҁʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al‐Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūnus al‐Ṣadafī | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | location = New York | pages = 573–4 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Yunus_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Ibn_Yunus_BEA.pdf PDF version])
* {{MacTutor|id=Yunus|title=Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = King | first = David A. | title=Ibn Yūnus, AbuʿL-Hasan ʿAlī Ibn ʿ Abd Al-Rahmān Ibn Yūnus Al Sadafī  | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830904759.html |  encyclopedia = [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography|Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography]] | publisher = Encyclopedia.com | origyear=1970-80 | year = 2008 }}
* [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ibnyunus.html Ibn Yunus Biography]
 
{{Islamic astronomy}}
{{Islamic mathematics}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME              = Yunus, Ibn
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Arab scientist
| DATE OF BIRTH    = 950
| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
| DATE OF DEATH    = 1009
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yunus, Ibn}}
[[Category:950 births]]
[[Category:1009 deaths]]
[[Category:10th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:11th-century mathematicians]]
[[Category:Medieval Egyptian astrologers]]
[[Category:Medieval Egyptian astronomers]]
[[Category:Medieval Egyptian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Mathematicians of medieval Islam]]
[[Category:Medieval Arab astrologers]]
[[Category:Medieval Arab astronomers]]
[[Category:Medieval Arab mathematicians]]
[[Category:Muslim philosophers]]
[[Category:Scientists who worked on Qibla determination]]
[[Category:10th-century astronomers]]

Revision as of 16:41, 6 November 2013

Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi al-Misri (Arabic: ابن يونس) (c. 950-1009) was an important Egyptian Muslim astronomer and mathematician,[1][2][3][4] whose works are noted for being ahead of their time, having been based on meticulous calculations and attention to detail.

The crater Ibn Yunus on the Moon is named after him.

Life

Information regarding his early life and education is uncertain. He was born in Egypt between 950 and 952 and came from a respected family in Fustat. His father was a historian, biographer and scholar of hadith, who wrote two volumes about the history of Egypt—one about the Egyptians and one based on traveler commentary on Egypt.[5] A prolific writer, Ibn Yunus' father has been described as "Egypt's most celebrated early historian and first known compiler of a biographical dictionary devoted exclusively to Egyptians".[6] His great grandfather had been an associate of the noted legal scholar Imam Shafi.

Early in the life of Ibn Yunus, the Fatimid dynasty came to power and the new city of Cairo was founded. In Cairo, he worked as an astronomer for the Fatimid dynasty for twenty-six years, first for the Caliph al-Aziz and then for al-Hakim. Ibn Yunus dedicated his most famous astronomical work, al-Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi, to the latter.

Works

Astrology

In astrology, noted for making predictions and having written the Kitab bulugh al-umniyya ("On the Attainment of Desire"), a work concerning the heliacal risings of Sirius, and on predictions concerning what day of the week the Coptic year will start on.

Astronomy

Ibn Yunus' most famous work in Islamic astronomy, al-Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi (c. 1000), was a handbook of astronomical tables which contained very accurate observations, many of which may have been obtained with very large astronomical instruments. According to N. M. Swerdlow, the Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi is "a work of outstanding originality of which just over half survives".[7]

Yunus expressed the solutions in his zij without mathematical symbols,[8] but Delambre noted in his 1819 translation of the Hakemite tables that two of Ibn Yunus' methods for determining the time from solar or stellar altitude were equivalent to the trigonometric identity 2cos(a)cos(b)=cos(a+b)+cos(a−b)[9] identified in Johannes Werner's 16th-century manuscript on conic sections. Now recognized as one of Werner's formulas, it was essential for the development of prosthaphaeresis and logarithms decades later.

Ibn Yunus described 40 planetary conjunctions and 30 lunar eclipses. For example, he accurately describes the planetary conjunction that occurred in the year 1000 as follows:

A conjunction of Venus and Mercury in Gemini, observed in the western sky: The two planets were in conjunction after sunset on the night [of Sunday 19 May 1000]. The time was approximately eight equinoctial hours after midday on Sunday ... . Mercury was north of Venus and their latitude difference was a third of a degree.[10]

Modern knowledge of the positions of the planets confirms that his description and his calculation of the distance being one third of a degree is exactly correct. Ibn Yunus's observations on conjunctions and eclipses were used in Richard Dunthorne and Simon Newcombs' respective calculations of the secular acceleration of the moon.[10][11]

Poetry

Ibn Yunus is also thought to have been an Arabic poet though this is uncertain.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Pendulum

Recent encyclopaedias[12] and popular accounts[13] continue to repeat the claim that the tenth century astronomer Ibn Yunus used a pendulum for time measurement, despite the fact that it has been known for nearly a hundred years that this is based on nothing more than an error made in 1684 by the Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford and Arabist Edward Bernard.[14]

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links



  • My name is Dorris Bosanquet but everybody calls me Dorris. I'm from Iceland. I'm studying at the university (3rd year) and I play the Bass Guitar for 5 years. Usually I choose music from my famous films ;).
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  • Can a new property agent make $eight,seven-hundred inside her first 2.5 months? (See bolded part above) A couple of yr ago, I joined one of the top actual property firms in Singapore, and happened to be recruited beneath one of many high-selling divisions. I later left the business for personal causes, but I still receive work related sales figures, and I can honestly say that yes it is completely doable. I've seen the figures.

    Solely once you pass both paper in the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual charge of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license by means of Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this risky market place. Your monetary price range ought to plan for your advertising costs, any extra prices resembling training and your forecasted revenue. Fascinating, fascinated or still uncertain? Call Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and yow will discover out more on how he and his Staff members can assist you on this Actual Estate Business. See you actual quickly! By visitor contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Belongings , a real estate research and funding consultancy firm.

    One to One Mentoring Free Caveat Listings Complete In-Home Programs Paxel-On The Job Coaching (Zero value to agent) Be taught and Earn Prog. State-Of-The Artwork Residential and Commercial Property Information Mission new condo launches singapore Launches - Native and Overseas These are high 6 ways that you can do to claim your PIC grant as knowledgeable property agent. There are some necessary documents that you have to undergo the IRAS, so your application could be authorized quickly. This PIC grant allows you to develop your property agency company from the tax deduction or money payout choices. KS Tan, property agent (HSR International/Knight Frank), 90060063 (Starhub) Vincent Ong , property agent with Knight Frank, 98531741 (Starhub) and 81876384 LLB (Honours), College of London

    Resale Levy for Second-Timer Applicants – Previously second timers aren't required to pay a levy. This is applicable to only new EC land gross sales which are launched on or after 9th December 2013 Revision of Mortgage Loan Terms – From a earlier mortgage servicing ratio (MSR) stage of 60% to now 30% of a borrower's gross monthly revenue. The MSR cap will apply to EC purchases from at this time onwards. Property looking process is busy and thrilling, I am here to verify the expertise goes as smoothly as attainable by providing you with all of the provide help to need under one roof and to ensure your new home meets all of your expectations. Try to discover a companion to share an apartment through the next expatriate chat rooms. - Set Up A Digital Tour And Digital Open House Chesney Actual Property

    All potential consumers might be fastidiously screened by a single agent together with your requirement and scheduling in thoughts thus ensuring a peace of mind advertising effort. An Unique Agent is authorised to barter on your behalf because you each have a customized advertising and marketing strategy, thus leading to a sooner closure at the very best price. For properties that include each residential and non-residential portions, solely the non-residential portion is subject to GST. If you received the rental payment. Whole rental of the furnished flat = $four,500 per thirty days He wished to take up a business course in a polytechnic, however his grades did not qualify him to do so. One month's rental for the goodfaith deposit Rental Period of 4 years (48 months) or MUCH LESS Total rental x zero.004

    It is the sellers obligation to hand over the property upon authorized completion as agreed in the contract. Within the case of a HDB flat, vacant possession is a requirement. Plan your move early to prevent a final minute rush. Remove all your belongings and discard any unwanted furnishings and rubbish. Be sure that all fixtures and items within the inventory record are left behind. Invite the customer (as required by HDB) for an inspection earlier than completion. In the case of private properties, they are often sold with present tenancy or vacant possession. The gross sales contract will specify your authorized obligations. Examine with your agent in case you are in doubt.

    Moreover dedicating himself to the IP profession, Moo Kwang additionally contributes to the coaching and growth of expectant IP professionals by acting as a mentor and providing practical guidance to patent agent trainees. Moo Kwang is presently an adjunct lecturer at the Nationwide University of Singapore. He lectures on intellectual capital management and IP rights to engineering undergraduates. In a separate statement, trade promotion agency IE Singapore mentioned the nation's key exports rose 28 per cent in the second quarter from the 12 months earlier than, accelerating from a 23 per cent rise within the first quarter. - CNA/vm The aged are easy targets who may be coaxed into promoting and buying their property. Member of Institute of Estate Agent Housing Builders Guidelines


  • My name is Dorris Bosanquet but everybody calls me Dorris. I'm from Iceland. I'm studying at the university (3rd year) and I play the Bass Guitar for 5 years. Usually I choose music from my famous films ;).
    I have two sister. I love Knitting, watching movies and Water sports.

    Also visit my blog post - http://Hostgator1Centcoupon.info/ (http://dawonls.dothome.co.kr/db/?document_srl=373691)
  • Ibn Yunus Biography

Template:Islamic astronomy Template:Islamic mathematics 30 year-old Entertainer or Range Artist Wesley from Drumheller, really loves vehicle, property developers properties for sale in singapore singapore and horse racing. Finds inspiration by traveling to Works of Antoni Gaudí.

Template:Persondata

  1. ↑ Ivan van Sertima, Egypt: Child of Africa, p. 337.
  2. ↑ Science & Technology in the Islamic World - Page 77
  3. ↑ Science in Medieval Islam: an illustrated introduction by Howard R. Turner - Page 65
  4. ↑ Eternal Egypt. Ibn-Yunus El-Falaky.
  5. ↑ Eternal Egypt. Ibn Yunus The Historian.
  6. ↑ Eickelman, Dale F. James Piscatori. Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration, and the Religious Imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. p. 58
  7. ↑ N. M. Swerdlow (1993), "Montucla's Legacy: The History of the Exact Sciences", Journal of the History of Ideas 54 (2): 299-328 [320].
  8. ↑ Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 2008
  9. ↑ David A. King, 'Islamic Math and Science', Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 9, p.212
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Can a new property agent make $eight,seven-hundred inside her first 2.5 months? (See bolded part above) A couple of yr ago, I joined one of the top actual property firms in Singapore, and happened to be recruited beneath one of many high-selling divisions. I later left the business for personal causes, but I still receive work related sales figures, and I can honestly say that yes it is completely doable. I've seen the figures.

    Solely once you pass both paper in the RES exams, can you apply for the salesperson license with Council of Estate Agency through Knight Frank. An annual charge of $299.60 is payable to CEA for this license by means of Knight Frank. Create a Monetary Finances.is important given the up and down of this risky market place. Your monetary price range ought to plan for your advertising costs, any extra prices resembling training and your forecasted revenue. Fascinating, fascinated or still uncertain? Call Leon Low @ 9369 5588 and yow will discover out more on how he and his Staff members can assist you on this Actual Estate Business. See you actual quickly! By visitor contributor Getty Goh, Director of Ascendant Belongings , a real estate research and funding consultancy firm.

    One to One Mentoring Free Caveat Listings Complete In-Home Programs Paxel-On The Job Coaching (Zero value to agent) Be taught and Earn Prog. State-Of-The Artwork Residential and Commercial Property Information Mission new condo launches singapore Launches - Native and Overseas These are high 6 ways that you can do to claim your PIC grant as knowledgeable property agent. There are some necessary documents that you have to undergo the IRAS, so your application could be authorized quickly. This PIC grant allows you to develop your property agency company from the tax deduction or money payout choices. KS Tan, property agent (HSR International/Knight Frank), 90060063 (Starhub) Vincent Ong , property agent with Knight Frank, 98531741 (Starhub) and 81876384 LLB (Honours), College of London

    Resale Levy for Second-Timer Applicants – Previously second timers aren't required to pay a levy. This is applicable to only new EC land gross sales which are launched on or after 9th December 2013 Revision of Mortgage Loan Terms – From a earlier mortgage servicing ratio (MSR) stage of 60% to now 30% of a borrower's gross monthly revenue. The MSR cap will apply to EC purchases from at this time onwards. Property looking process is busy and thrilling, I am here to verify the expertise goes as smoothly as attainable by providing you with all of the provide help to need under one roof and to ensure your new home meets all of your expectations. Try to discover a companion to share an apartment through the next expatriate chat rooms. - Set Up A Digital Tour And Digital Open House Chesney Actual Property

    All potential consumers might be fastidiously screened by a single agent together with your requirement and scheduling in thoughts thus ensuring a peace of mind advertising effort. An Unique Agent is authorised to barter on your behalf because you each have a customized advertising and marketing strategy, thus leading to a sooner closure at the very best price. For properties that include each residential and non-residential portions, solely the non-residential portion is subject to GST. If you received the rental payment. Whole rental of the furnished flat = $four,500 per thirty days He wished to take up a business course in a polytechnic, however his grades did not qualify him to do so. One month's rental for the goodfaith deposit Rental Period of 4 years (48 months) or MUCH LESS Total rental x zero.004

    It is the sellers obligation to hand over the property upon authorized completion as agreed in the contract. Within the case of a HDB flat, vacant possession is a requirement. Plan your move early to prevent a final minute rush. Remove all your belongings and discard any unwanted furnishings and rubbish. Be sure that all fixtures and items within the inventory record are left behind. Invite the customer (as required by HDB) for an inspection earlier than completion. In the case of private properties, they are often sold with present tenancy or vacant possession. The gross sales contract will specify your authorized obligations. Examine with your agent in case you are in doubt.

    Moreover dedicating himself to the IP profession, Moo Kwang additionally contributes to the coaching and growth of expectant IP professionals by acting as a mentor and providing practical guidance to patent agent trainees. Moo Kwang is presently an adjunct lecturer at the Nationwide University of Singapore. He lectures on intellectual capital management and IP rights to engineering undergraduates. In a separate statement, trade promotion agency IE Singapore mentioned the nation's key exports rose 28 per cent in the second quarter from the 12 months earlier than, accelerating from a 23 per cent rise within the first quarter. - CNA/vm The aged are easy targets who may be coaxed into promoting and buying their property. Member of Institute of Estate Agent Housing Builders Guidelines
  11. ↑ Raymond Mercer (1994), 'English Orientalists and Mathematical Astronomy' in The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in 17th-Century England, p.198
  12. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534


    My name is Dorris Bosanquet but everybody calls me Dorris. I'm from Iceland. I'm studying at the university (3rd year) and I play the Bass Guitar for 5 years. Usually I choose music from my famous films ;).
    I have two sister. I love Knitting, watching movies and Water sports.

    Also visit my blog post - http://Hostgator1Centcoupon.info/ (http://dawonls.dothome.co.kr/db/?document_srl=373691)
    20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  13. ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.

    My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534
  14. ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
    One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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