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{{Infobox scientist
|name              = Grigoriy Yablonsky
|image             = Yablon2004.png
|caption           = Grigoriy Yablonsky, 2004
|birth_name        =
|birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1940|9|7}}
|birth_place       = [[Yessentuki]], Stavropol'skij kraj, [[USSR]] ([[Russian Federation]])
|death_date        =
|death_place       =
|residence         = 
|nationality       = 
|fields            = 
|workplaces        = [[Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology]]
|alma_mater        = [[Master of Science|MS]] (Chemistry) ([[National Technical University of Ukraine|National Technical University of Ukraine (Kiev Polytechnic Institute)]], <BR>[[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] (Physical Chemistry) ([http://www.en.catalysis.ru/ Boreskov Institute of Catalysis], Novosibirsk, USSR), <BR>[[Doctor of Science|Sc.D.]] (Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, USSR)
|known_for         = Theory of complex non-linear catalytic reactions
|awards            = James B. Eads Award via the [[Academy of Science]] (2013), Lifetime Achievement Award (Mathematics in Chemical Kinetics and Engineering, MaCKiE-2013)
|footnotes         = 
}}

'''Grigoriy Yablonsky''' (or Yablonskii) ({{lang-ru|Григорий Семенович Яблонский}}) is an expert in the area of [[chemical kinetics]] and [[chemical engineering]], particularly in catalytic technology of complete and selective oxidation, which is one of the main driving forces of sustainable development.

His theory of complex [[steady-state]] and non-steady state catalytic reactions,<ref>{{cite book|last=Yablonsky|first=G.S.|coauthors= V.I. Bykov; A.N. Gorban'; and V.I. Elokhin|title=[http://thermotree.narod.ru/YBGYcontents.htm Kinetic Models of Catalytic Reactions]|year=1991|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam–Oxford–New York–Tokyo}}</ref> is widely used by research teams in many countries of the world (USA, UK, Belgium, Germany, France, Norway and Thailand).

Now, Grigoriy Yablonsky serves as an Associate Research Professor of Chemistry at [[Saint Louis University]]’s [[Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology]] and SLU’s College of Arts and Sciences.

Since 2006, Yablonsky is an editor of the Russian-American [http://www.gyabl.com/ almanac "Middle West"].

== Some recent scientific achievements ==

Yablonsky – together with Lazman, developed the general form of steady-state kinetic description (‘kinetic polynomial’) which is a non-linear generalization of many theoretical expressions proposed previously (Langmuir – Hinshelwood and Hougen–Watson equations).<ref>M. Lazman and G.S. Yablonsky, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065237708000021 "Overall Reaction Rate Equation of Single Route Catalytic Reaction"], ''Advances in Chemical Engineering, '''34''':47–102, 2008</ref> Yablonsky also created a theory of precise catalyst characterization for the advanced worldwide experimental technique ([[temporal analysis of products]]) developed by John T. Gleaves, Washington University in St. Louis.<ref>S.O. Shekhtman, G.S. Yablonsky, S. Chen, J.T. Gleaves, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925099800534X " Thin-Zone TAP-Reactor – Theory and Application "], Chemical Engineering Science, '''54''':4371–7378, 1999</ref>

In 2008–2011, Yablonsky – together with Constales and Marin (University of Gent, Belgium) and [http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=D8XkcCIAAAAJ&hl=en Gorban] (University of Leicester, UK) – obtained new results on coincidences and intersections in kinetic dependences, and found a new type of symmetry relations between the observable and initial kinetic data.<ref>G. S. Yablonsky, D. Constales, G. Marin, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250910002241 "Coincidences in Chemical Kinetics:  Surprising News about Simple Reactions"], Chemical Engineering Science, '''65''':6065–6076, 2010</ref><ref>G. S. Yablonsky, D. Constales, G. Marin, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250910006007 "Equilibrium relationships for non-equilibrium chemical dependences"], Chemical Engineering Science, '''66''':111–114, 2011</ref><ref>G.S. Yablonsky, A.N. Gorban, D. Constales, V. Galvita and G.B. Marin, [http://iopscience.iop.org/0295-5075/93/2/20004/ "Reciprocal Relations Between Kinetic Curves"], Europhysics Letters, '''93''':2004–2007, 2011; [http://arxiv.org/pdf/1008.1056v2.pdf arXiv preprint]</ref>

Recently together with Alexander Gorban he developed the theory of [[chemical thermodynamics]] and [[detailed balance]] in the limit of irreversible reactions.<ref name="GorYabChemEngSci2011">A. N. Gorban and G. S. Yablonsky, [http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/GorbanYablonskiiCES2011.pdf "Extended detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions"], ''Chemical Engineering Science'', '''66''':5388–5399, 2011</ref><ref name="GorMirYabPhysA2013">A.N. Gorban, E.M. Mirkes, G.S. Yablonsky, [http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/GorbanMirYabPhysA2013.pdf "Thermodynamics in the limit of irreversible reactions"], ''Physica A'' 392 (2013) 1318–1335.</ref>

== Catalytic trigger and catalytic oscillator ==

A simple scheme of the nonlinear kinetic oscillations in heterogeneous catalytic reactions has been proposed by Bykov,  Yablonskii, and Kim in 1978.<ref>V.I. Bykov, G.S. Yablonskii, V.F. Kim, "On the simple model of kinetic self-oscillations in catalytic reaction of CO oxidation", ''Doklady AN USSR'' (Chemistry)  '''242''' (3) (1978), 637–639.</ref> Authors have started from the catalytic [[trigger]] (1976<ref>M.G. Slin'ko, V.I. Bykov, G.S. Yablonskii, T.A. Akramov, "Multiplicity of the Steady State in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions", ''Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR'' '''226''' (4) (1976), 876.</ref><ref>V.I. Bykov, V.I. Elokhin, G.S. Yablonskii, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02061998  "The simplest catalytic mechanism permitting several steady states of the surface"], ''React. Kinet. Catal. Lett.'' '''4''' (2) (1976), 191–198.</ref>), a simplest catalytic reaction without [[autocatalysis]] that allows multiplicity of steady states.
# <math>A_2+2 Z \rightleftharpoons 2 AZ</math>
# <math>B+Z \rightleftharpoons BZ </math>
# <math>AZ+BZ \to AB+2 Z </math>
Then they have supplemented this classical [[Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics|adsorption mechanism]] of catalytic oxidation by a "buffer" step
:4. <math>B + Z \rightleftharpoons (BZ)</math>

Here, <math>A_2, B</math> and AB  are gases (for example, <math>O_2</math>, ''CO'' and <math>CO_2</math>), ''Z'' iz the "adsorption place" on the surface of the solid catalyst (for example, Pt), ''AZ'' and ''BZ'' are the intermediates on the surface (adatoms, adsorbed molecules or radicals) and (BZ) is an intermediate that does not participate in the main reaction

Let the concentration of the gaseous components be constant. Then the law of mass action gives for this reaction mechanism a system of three ordinary differential equations that describes kinetics on the surface
:<math>\dot{x}=2q_1z^2-2q_5x^2-q_3xy</math>
:<math>\dot{y}=q_2z-q_6y-q_3xy</math>
:<math>\dot{s}=q_4z-kq_4s</math>
where ''z''&nbsp;=&nbsp;1&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;(''x''&nbsp;+&nbsp;''y''&nbsp;+&nbsp;''s'') is the concentration of the free places of adsorption on the surface ("per one adsorption centre"), ''x'' and ''y'' are the concentrations of ''AZ'' and ''BZ'', correspondingly (also normalized "per one adsorption centre") and ''s'' is the concentration of the buffer component (''BZ'').

This three-dimensional systems includes seven parameters. The detailed analysis  shows that there are 23 different [[phase portrait]]s for this system, including oscillations, multiplicity of steady states and various types of [[Bifurcation theory|bifurcations]].<ref>A.I. Khibnik, V.I. Bykov, and G.S. Yablonski, "23 phase portraits of the simplest catalytic oscillator", ''J. Fiz. Khim.'' '''61''' (1987), 1388–1390 [in Russian]. English translation in ''Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry'', Volume '''61''' (1987), 722–723.</ref>

== Reactions without interaction of different components ==

Let the reaction mechanism consist of reactions
:<math>\alpha_r A_{i_r} \to \sum_j \beta_{rj}A_j \, ,</math>
where <math>A_i</math> are symbols of components, ''r'' is the number of the elementary reaction and <math>\alpha_r, \beta_{rj} \geq 0</math> are the stoichiometric coefficients (usually they are integer numbers).  (We do not include the components that are present in excess and the components with almost constant concentrations)

The [[Eley–Rideal mechanism]] of CO oxidation on Pt provides a simple example of such a reaction mechanism without interaction of different components on the surface:
:<math>2Pt(+O_2)\rightleftharpoons  2Pt; \;\; PtO (+CO)\rightleftharpoons Pt(+CO_2\uparrow).</math>

Let the reaction mechanism have the conservation law
:<math>\alpha_r m_{i_r}= \sum_j \beta_{rj} m_j \text{ for some } m_j>0 \text{ and all } r , </math>
and let the [[reaction rate]] satisfy the [[mass action law]]: 
:<math>W_r= k_r c_{i_r}^{\alpha_r}, </math>
where <math>c_i</math> is the concentration of <math>A_i</math>.
Then the dynamic of the kinetic system is very simple: the steady states are stable<ref>V.I. Bykov, T.A. Akramov,  and G.S. Yablonskii, "Studies of the dynamic properties of catalytic systems", In ''Mathematicheskie problemy khimii'' [Mathematical Problems of Chemistry], Part 1, 1975, Computing Center USSR Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk (in Russian),  pp. 199–206.</ref> and all solutions <math>\mathbf{c}(t)=(c_i(t))</math> with the same value of the conservation law <math>m(\mathbf{c})= \sum m_i c_i</math> monotonically converge in the weighted <math>l_1</math> norm: the distance between such solutions <math>\mathbf{c}^{(1)}(t),\mathbf{c}^{(2)}(t)</math>,
:<math>\|\mathbf{c}^{(1)}-\mathbf{c}^{(2)}\|=\sum_i m_i |c^{(1)}_i-{c}^{(2)}_i| ,</math>
monotonically decreases in time.<ref>A.N. Gorban, V.I. Bykov, G.S. Yablonskii, [http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/BGYa1986.pdf "Thermodynamic function analogue for reactions proceeding without interaction of various substances"], ''Chemical Engineering Science'' '''41''' (11) (1986), 2739–2745.</ref>

This ''quasithermodynamic property'' of the systems without interaction of different components is important for the analysis of dynamics of catalytic reactions: nonlinear steps with two (or more) different intermediate reagents are responsible for nontrivial dynamical effects like multiplicity of steady states, oscillations or bifurcations. Without interaction of different components the kinetic curves converge in a simple norm even for open systems.

== The extended principle of detailed balance ==

Detailed mechanism of many real physico-chemical complex systems includes both reversible
and irreversible reactions. Such mechanisms are typical in homogeneous combustion,
heterogeneous catalytic oxidation and complex enzyme reactions. The classical
thermodynamics of perfect systems is defined for reversible kinetics and has no limit for
irreversible reactions.<ref name="GorMirYabPhysA2013"/> In contrary, the [[mass action law]] gives the possibility to write the chemical kinetic equations for any
combination of reversible and irreversible reactions. Without additional restrictions
this class of equations is extremely wide and can approximate any [[dynamical system]]
with preservation of positivity of concentrations and the linear conservation laws. (This
general approximation theorem has been proved in 1986.<ref>A.N. Gorban, V.I. Bykov, G.S.
Yablonskii, ''Essays on Chemical Relaxation'', Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986.</ref>) The model
of real systems should satisfy some restrictions. Under the standard [[microscopic reversibility]] requirement, these restrictions should be formulated as follows: A
system with some irreversible reactions should be a limit of the systems with all reversible reactions and the detailed balance conditions.<ref name="GorYabChemEngSci2011"/> Such systems have been completely described in 2011.<ref name="GorYabChemEngSci2011"/> The ''extended principle of detailed balance'' is the
characteristic property of all systems which obey the generalized mass action law and are
the limits of the systems with detailed balance when some of the reaction rate constants
tend to zero (the [[Detailed balance#Detailed balance for systems with irreversible reactions|Gorban-Yablonsky theorem]]).

The extended principle of detailed balance consists of two parts:

* The ''algebraic condition'': The principle of detailed balance is valid for the reversible part. (This means that for the set of all reversible reactions there exists a positive equilibrium where all the elementary reactions are equilibrated by their reverse reactions.)
* The ''structural condition'': The [[Convex hull#Convex hull of a finite point set|convex hull]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection with the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions. (Physically, this means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in oriented cyclic pathways.)

The stoichiometric vector of the reaction <math>\sum_i \alpha_{i} A_i \to \sum_j \beta_{j} A_j</math> is the ''gain minus loss'' vector with coordinates
<math>\gamma_{i}=\beta_i-\alpha_i</math>.

(It may be useful to recall the formal convention: the linear span of empty set is {0},
the convex hull of empty set is empty.)

The extended principle of detailed balance gives an ultimate and complete answer to the following problem: ''How to throw away some reverse reactions without violation of thermodynamics and microscopic reversibility?'' The answer is: the [[Convex hull#Convex hull of a finite point set|convex hull]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions should not intersect with the [[linear span]] of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions and the reaction rate constants of the remained reversible reactions should satisfy the [[Detailed balance#Wegscheider's conditions for the generalized mass action law|Wegscheider identities]].

==Career==
[[File:VolpertBykovGorbanYablonskyIvanova1980.png|thumb|300px|The Programm Committee of the Russian Conference "Mathematical Metods in Chemical Kinetics", [[Shushenskoye]], [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]], 1980. From left to right: [[Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert|A.I. Vol'pert]], V.I. Bykov, [http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=D8XkcCIAAAAJ&hl=en A.N. Gorban], G.S. Yablonsky, A.N.Ivanova.]]From 1997 to 2007, Yablonsky was in the Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering at [[Washington University in St. Louis]] as a Research Associate Professor. Since 2007, Yablonsky became an Associate Professor at Saint Louis University’s Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, as well as the Department of Chemistry.

During his career, G. Yablonsky has organised many conferences and workshops at national and international levels. He is always in the centre of interdisciplinary dialogue between mathematicians, chemists, physicists and chemical engineers.

Yablonsky was selected in 2013 for the [[James Buchanan Eads|James B. Eads Award]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slu.edu/x77254.xml |title=Saint Louis University Professors Receive Honors for Their Contributions to Science |publisher=Saint Louis University |accessdate=2013-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://parks.slu.edu/news-events/news/2013/01/25/academy-of-science-honors-yablonsky-with-outstanding-scientist-award/ |title=Academy of Science Honors Yablonsky with Outstanding Scientist Award |publisher=Parks College |accessdate=2013-04-25}}</ref> which recognizes a distinguished individual for outstanding achievement in engineering or technology.

==Honors and awards==
* Lifetime Achievement Award, in recognition of outstanding contributions to the research field of chemical kinetics, Mathematics in Chemical Kinetics and Engineering, MaCKiE, 2013
* James B. Eads Award, Academy of Science of St. Louis Outstanding Scientist Award (2013)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.academyofsciencestl.org/initiatives/outstanding_scientists.php  |title=Outstanding St. Louis Scientists Awards |publisher=Academy of Science |accessdate=2013-04-25}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctor Degree from the University of Ghent, Belgium (2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parks.slu.edu/news-events/news/2010/04/26/dr-yab/ |title=Dr. Yablonsky Receives Honorary Doctorate |publisher=Parks College |accessdate=2013-04-25}}</ref>
* Chevron Chair Professorship at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras (2011)
* Honorary Fellow of the Australian Institute of High Energetic Materials, Gladstone, Australia (2011)

==Professional memberships and associations==
Yablonsky has numerous international designations as Honorary Professor, Fellow, Doctor and Member of prestigious science academies and universities in Belgium, India, China, Russia and Ukraine.
* 1996 – present:	[[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]]
* 2011 – present:	[[American Chemical Society]]
* 2011 – present:     Member of the Scientific Council on Catalysis at the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]
* 2013 – present:     Fellow, [[Academy of Science of St. Louis]]

==Notable publications==
Yablonsky is the author of seven books, most recently of "Kinetics of Chemical Reactions: Decoding Complexity" Wiley-VCH (2011) (together with Guy B. Marin), and more than 200 papers.
*{{cite book|last=Yablonsky|first=G.S.|coauthors=V.I. Bykov; A.N. Gorban'; and V.I. Elokhin|title=Kinetic Models of Catalytic Reactions|year=1991|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam–Oxford–New York–Tokyo}}
*{{cite book|last=Marin|first=G.B.|coauthors=G.S. Yablonsky|title=Kinetics of Complex Reactions. Decoding Complexity|year=2011|publisher=Wiley-VCH|isbn=978-3-527-31763-9|pages=428}}
*{{cite journal|last=Estathiou|first=A.M.|coauthors=G.S. Yablonsky; Gleaves, J. T.|title=Transient Techniques: Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) and Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA)|year=2012|volume=1 & 2|doi=10.1002/9783527645329.ch22}}
*{{cite journal|last=Gleaves|first=J.T.|coauthors=G.S. Yablonsky; P. Phanawadee; and Y. Schuurman|title=TAP-2. Interrogative Kinetics Approach|journal=Applied Catalysis A: General|date=14 October 1997|volume=160|issue=1|pages=55–88|doi=10.1016/S0926-860X(97)00124-5}}
*{{cite journal|last=Grigoriy|first=Yablonsky|coauthors=M. Olea; G. Marin|title=Temporal Analysis of Products: Basic Principles, Applications, and Theory|journal=Journal of Catalysis|date=May–June 2003|volume=216|issue=1-2|pages=120–134|doi=10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00109-4}}
*{{cite journal|last=Yablonsky|first=Grigoriy|coauthors=I.M.Y. Mareels; M. Lazman|title=The principle of critical simplification in chemical kinetics|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|date=November 2003|volume=58|issue=21|pages=4833–4842|doi=10.1016/j.ces.2003.08.004}}
*{{cite journal|last=Feres|first=R.|coauthors=G.S. Yablonsky|title=Knudsen Diffusion and Random Billiards|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|year=2004|volume=59|pages=1541–1556}}

==See also==
* [[Temporal analysis of products]]
* [[Chemical reaction network theory|Chemical Reaction Network Theory]]
* [[Detailed Balance]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://parks.slu.edu/faculty-staff/parks-faculty/grigoriy-yablonsky/ Yablonsky's faculty profile at Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology]
*[http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=z4bORCYAAAAJ&hl=en Yablonsky's account on Google Scholar]

{{Persondata
| NAME              = Yablonsky, Grigoriy
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Yablonskii, Яблонский
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = an expert in the area of chemical kinetics and chemical engineering
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 1940, September 7
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Yessentuki, Stavropol'skij kraj, USSR (Russian Federation)
| DATE OF DEATH     =
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yablonsky, Grigoriy}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American chemical engineers]]
[[Category:American mathematicians]]
[[Category:American chemists]]
[[Category:Saint Louis University faculty]]
[[Category:Russian scientists]]
[[Category:Ukrainian scientists]]
[[Category:Jewish scientists]]
[[Category:1940 births]]