Impulse invariance: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox book
| name          = De Re Atari
| author        = [[Chris Crawford (game designer)|Chris Crawford]], Lane Winner, Jim Cox, Amy Chen, Jim Dunion, Kathleen Pitta, Bob Fraser
| illustrator  =
| country      = United States
| language      = English
| subject      = [[Atari 8-bit family]]
| publisher    = [[Atari Program Exchange]]
| release_date  = 1982
| pages        = 250 pp
| isbn          =
| followed_by  = [[The Art of Computer Game Design]]
}}
'''''De Re Atari''''' is a book that was written by Atari employees in 1981 and published by the [[Atari Program Exchange]] the year after. It contains detailed descriptions of the advanced features of the [[Atari 8-bit family]] of [[home computer]]s, much of which was not available in other sources.
 
The book was sold unbound, as a shrink-wrapped set of three-hole punched pages.
 
==Background==
An article on [[ANTIC#Player/Missile Graphics|Player/Missile Graphics]] by ''De Re Atari'' coauthor [[Chris Crawford (game designer)|Chris Crawford]] appeared in ''[[Compute!]]'' in 1981:
* {{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/1981-01-compute-magazine/Compute_Issue_008_1981_Jan#page/n67/mode/2up | title=Player-Missile Graphics with the ATARI Personal Computer System | work=Compute! | date=January 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=66}}
 
Another article by Crawford and Lane Winner appeared in the same month in ''[[BYTE]]'':
 
* {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-01/1981_01_BYTE_06-01_Hand-held_Computers#page/n19/mode/2up | title=An Introduction to Atari Graphics | work=BYTE | date=January 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris; Winner, Lane | pages=18}}
 
Early versions of many of ''De Re Atari''{{'}}s chapters appeared in ''BYTE'' in 1981 and 1982 in a series of ten articles:
 
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-09/BYTE_Vol_06-09_1981-09_Artifical_Intelligence#page/n285/mode/2up | title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 1: The Display List | work=BYTE | date=September 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=284}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-10/1981_10_BYTE_06-10_Local_Networks#page/n71/mode/2up | title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 2: Graphics Indirection | work=BYTE | date=October 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=70}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-11/1981_11_BYTE_06-11_Data_Base_Management_Systems#page/n313/mode/2up | title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 3: Player-Missile Graphics | work=BYTE | date=November 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=312}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-12/1981_12_BYTE_06-12_Computer_Games#page/n167/mode/2up | title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 4: Display-List Interrupts | work=BYTE | date=December 1981 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=166}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-01/1982_01_BYTE_07-01_The_IBM_Personal_Computer#page/n27/mode/2up
  | title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 5: Scrolling | work=BYTE | date=January 1982 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=26}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-02/1982_02_BYTE_07-02_Winter_Computing#page/n91/mode/2up
| title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 6: Atari BASIC | work=BYTE | date=February 1982 | author=Winner, Lane | pages=91}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-03/1982_03_BYTE_07-03_Printers#page/n81/mode/2up
| title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 7: Sound | work=BYTE | date=March 1982 | author=Fraser, Bob | pages=80}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-04/1982_04_BYTE_07-04_Human_Factors_Engineering#page/n135/mode/2up
| title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 8: Generating Sound with Software | work=BYTE | date=April 1982 | author=Fraser, Bob | pages=134}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-05/1982_05_BYTE_07-05_Japanese_Computers#page/n147/mode/2up
| title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 9: Even More Colors! | work=BYTE | date=May 1982 | author=Pitta, Kathleen; Winner, Lane | pages=148}}
# {{cite news | url=http://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1982-06/1982_06_BYTE_07-06_Interactive_Videodiscs#page/n303/mode/2up
| title=The Atari Tutorial / Part 10: Human Engineering | work=BYTE | date=June 1982 | author=Crawford, Chris | pages=302}}
 
The series was based on Atari's confidential, 8-bit development documentation written in 1979-1980 for third-party developers under non-disclosure agreements. The articles and ''De Re Atari'' were the first public, official publication of Atari 8-bit technical information.
 
==Description==
Individual chapters are devoted to making use of the features of the platform, which included [[ANTIC]] and the [[display list]], "graphics indirection" in the form of color support in the [[CTIA and GTIA|GTIA]] and customized [[character set]]s, player/missile graphics, using the [[vertical blank interrupt|VBI]] and display list interrupts (aka [[horizontal blank interrupt|HBI]]/[[Raster interrupt]]), smooth scrolling and sound, including a discussion of "volume only sound" which offered higher-resolution volume control for digitized sample playback. Additional chapters covered utilities in the [[operating system]], [[Atari DOS]] and [[Atari BASIC]], and design of intuitive human interfaces.
 
How to make use of these features was often not obvious. For instance, Atari's sprite implementation, player-missile graphics, used a register to indicate the <math>X</math> position of sprite on the screen, but required the user to copy the sprite pattern up or down in memory to move it along the <math>Y</math> axis. Likewise, vertical smooth scrolling was quite simple, but horizontal scrolling required a custom display list that created a "virtual screen" as wide as the scrolling playfield. ''De Re'' not only talked about these issues, but provided sample implementations and discussed potential alternate implementations.
 
Crawford, the lead author of the book, used many of these features in the seminal [[wargame (video games)|wargame]] ''[[Eastern Front (video game)|Eastern Front (1941)]]'' released the previous year. ''Eastern Front'' made extensive use of smooth scrolling, custom character graphics, and some use of player-missile graphics and basic sound. Another author, Jim Dunion, used custom display lists in the DDT tool (a 6502 debugger) to produce a partitioned, IDE-like display.
 
The original edition is now out of print but available for viewing on a site maintained by Kevin Savetz, the [http://www.atariarchives.org/ Atari Archives].
 
==External links==
*[http://www.atariarchives.org/dere/ ''De Re Atari'' online]
*[http://www.atariage.com/forums/topic/204930-some-early-atari-a8-development-docs/ ''Early Atari 8-bit Development Docs'' online]
 
==References==
<references/>
 
[[Category:1982 books]]
[[Category:Computer books]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit family]]
[[Category:Books by Chris Crawford (game designer)]]

Latest revision as of 01:36, 17 March 2013

Template:Infobox book De Re Atari is a book that was written by Atari employees in 1981 and published by the Atari Program Exchange the year after. It contains detailed descriptions of the advanced features of the Atari 8-bit family of home computers, much of which was not available in other sources.

The book was sold unbound, as a shrink-wrapped set of three-hole punched pages.

Background

An article on Player/Missile Graphics by De Re Atari coauthor Chris Crawford appeared in Compute! in 1981:

Another article by Crawford and Lane Winner appeared in the same month in BYTE:

Early versions of many of De Re AtariTemplate:'s chapters appeared in BYTE in 1981 and 1982 in a series of ten articles:

  1. Template:Cite news
  2. Template:Cite news
  3. Template:Cite news
  4. Template:Cite news
  5. Template:Cite news
  6. Template:Cite news
  7. Template:Cite news
  8. Template:Cite news
  9. Template:Cite news
  10. Template:Cite news

The series was based on Atari's confidential, 8-bit development documentation written in 1979-1980 for third-party developers under non-disclosure agreements. The articles and De Re Atari were the first public, official publication of Atari 8-bit technical information.

Description

Individual chapters are devoted to making use of the features of the platform, which included ANTIC and the display list, "graphics indirection" in the form of color support in the GTIA and customized character sets, player/missile graphics, using the VBI and display list interrupts (aka HBI/Raster interrupt), smooth scrolling and sound, including a discussion of "volume only sound" which offered higher-resolution volume control for digitized sample playback. Additional chapters covered utilities in the operating system, Atari DOS and Atari BASIC, and design of intuitive human interfaces.

How to make use of these features was often not obvious. For instance, Atari's sprite implementation, player-missile graphics, used a register to indicate the X position of sprite on the screen, but required the user to copy the sprite pattern up or down in memory to move it along the Y axis. Likewise, vertical smooth scrolling was quite simple, but horizontal scrolling required a custom display list that created a "virtual screen" as wide as the scrolling playfield. De Re not only talked about these issues, but provided sample implementations and discussed potential alternate implementations.

Crawford, the lead author of the book, used many of these features in the seminal wargame Eastern Front (1941) released the previous year. Eastern Front made extensive use of smooth scrolling, custom character graphics, and some use of player-missile graphics and basic sound. Another author, Jim Dunion, used custom display lists in the DDT tool (a 6502 debugger) to produce a partitioned, IDE-like display.

The original edition is now out of print but available for viewing on a site maintained by Kevin Savetz, the Atari Archives.

External links

References

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