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{{about|the Mexican state|the peninsula|Baja California peninsula|other uses|Baja_California_(disambiguation)#Regions_and_historical_territories{{!}}California (disambiguation)}}
To many ladies, BMI calculations might appear a pretty complicated and complex task that has no hope of understanding. But, that is completely untrue because BMI calculation for women is not some scientific secret or magic. If you have ever selected an online BMI calculator for ladies online, you'd learn by now which when would need you to insert your height plus weight before providing a amount as a final output.<br><br>Free resource that we do not want to cognise how to puzzle out the [http://safedietplans.com/bmi-chart bmi chart]. The online tool does it for you. In order to do to choose some of the charts on this page. It won't take much time.<br><br>Now if a BMI is high on the bmi chart men chart, above 25, the direction of thumb for water intake is to Drink Half The Body Weight In Water. Overweight people tend to need more water, considering fat cells hold more water than other fat cells inside the body, according to Barbara Levine, R.D., Ph.D., the Director of the Nutrition Information Center at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. If you fit this profile, like me, just divide the weight by two to determine the amount of water you need to drink each day.<br><br>Your body is about 60% water. Normally you must drink 2.4 liters (81.15 ounces) of water each day thus that the body could function properly according to the U.S. Geology Survey (USGS) Water Resources for the United States. Whenever losing weight you need to drink 64 ounces of water per pound of lean body mass. Which means you will want to double that amount if you're physically active or overweight (up to 128 oz. if you're 200lbs.) As reported by the Mayo Clinic, The Institute of Medicine advises which men consume about 3 liters (about 13 cups) of total beverages a day plus ladies consume 2.2 liters (regarding 9 cups) of total beverages a day.<br><br>There are many causes which cause obesity. Let's have a look at several of these factors. Food that is wealthy in fats and carbohydrates results inside accumulation of excessive cholesterols in the body. This fat, when not completely absorbed by the body, tends to create one fatty over time. Saturated fatty acids which are found in butter, oil, meat etc. can create one's weight abnormal. Heredity factors equally play a big part. Obesity commonly runs inside families. Snacks, soft drinks, fast food like burgers, pizzas, hotdogs, and other calorie-rich foods makes one's body weight go out of proportion.<br><br>There is furthermore a certain level of excitement which comes along with the secrecy concerned bmi chart women. The two of you might meet up with each additional for a quick rendezvous inside a hotel space or we might go someplace secluded for a weekend away together. It almost doesnt matter where you meet up with every different. Simply the fact which you are getting away with anything may be exciting for the both of you.<br><br>A great deal of persons have benefited within the BMI calculator over the previous limited decades nonetheless, there are more accurate alternatives available nowadays. If you are not certain what system is best for your condition, then you need to consult a health expert for proper guidance.<br><br>In functioning with my customers, I take all these measurements into consideration. It is really a better technique of gauging how much you need to set as a objective weight reduction. But don't allow a chart dictate the fitness level. A tag like "overweight," "fat," "regular," or "fitness" is all regarding how we really feel plus what you're actually doing. Strive to live a healthier existence and that amount on which chart usually become less significant.
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Baja California
| official_name          = Free and Sovereign State of Baja California
| native_name            = Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California
| native_name_lang        =
| settlement_type        = [[States of Mexico|State]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Baja California.svg
| flag_size              = 160px
| flag_alt                =
| image_seal              = Coat of arms of Baja California.svg
|image_skyline            = Baja Gold Coast Montage.jpg
| seal_size              = 70px
| nickname                =
| motto                  =
| anthem                  = [[Canto a Baja California]]
| image_map              = Baja California en México.svg
| map_caption            = State of Baja California within Mexico
| latd  =30 |latm  =00 |latNS  =N
| longd =115  |longm =10 |longEW =W
| coor_pinpoint          =
| coordinates_type        = region:MX-BCN_dim:1000000
| coordinates_display    = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes  =
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1      = [[Capital city|Capital]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Mexicali]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[List of cities in Mexico|Largest&nbsp;City]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Tijuana]]
| subdivision_type3      = [[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipalities]]
| subdivision_name3      = [[Municipalities of Baja California|5]]
| established_title      = [[Sovereign state|Admission]]
| established_date        = 16 January 1952<ref>{{cite news | title=Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29| url=http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/nuestro_estado/historia/transformacion.jsp| language =Spanish}} {{es icon}}</ref>
| established_title2    = [[Territorial evolution of Mexico|Order]]
| established_date2      = [[Political divisions of Mexico#States|29th]]
| founder                =
| seat_type              =
| seat                    =
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            =
| leader_title            = [[List of Mexican state governors|Governor]]
| leader_name            = [[Francisco Vega de Lamadrid]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|[[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]]|23px]]
| leader_title1          = [[Senate of Mexico|Senators]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senadores por Baja California LXI Legislatura |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=int&mn=4&sm=4&id=3 |publisher=Senado de la Republica |accessdate=18 August 2010}}</ref>
| leader_name1            = [[Ernesto Ruffo Appel]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]<br />[[Victor Hermosillo Celada]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]<br />[[Marco Antonio Blasquez]] [[File:PRD Party (Mexico).svg|PRD|23px]]
|leader_title2          = [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Deputies]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Baja California |url=http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=31 |publisher=Camara de Diputados |accessdate=18 August 2010}}</ref>
|leader_name2            = {{Collapsible list
|title      = [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Federal Deputies]]
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
|list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
|1          = • [[Víctor Manuel Galicia Ávila]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]]
|2          = • [[Humberto Lepe Lepe]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]]
|3          = • [[Óscar Martín Arce Paniagua]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|4          = • [[Alejandro Bahena Flores]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|5          = • [[Jesús Gerardo Cortez Mendoza]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|6          = • [[Gastón Luken Garza]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|7          = • [[César Mancillas Amador]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|8          = • [[Francisco Javier Orduño Valdez]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|9          = • [[Miguel Antonio Osuna Millán]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|10          = • [[José Luis Ovando Patrón]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|11          = • [[Sergio Tolento Hernández]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|12          = • [[Francisco Arturo Vega De Lamadrid]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]
|13          = • [[Eduardo Ledesma Romo]]
|14          = • [[Blanco Roberto Pérez de Alva]] [[File:PNA Party (Mexico).svg|PNA|23px]]
}}
| unit_pref              = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medio Físico del Estado de Baja California |url=http://e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/bajacalifornia/medi.htm |publisher=e-local.gob.mx |accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 71450
| area_land_km2          =
| area_water_km2          =
| area_water_percent      =
| area_note              = [[List of Mexican states by area|Ranked 12th]]
| elevation_m            =
| elevation_max_footnotes =<ref>{{cite book |title= PROMEXICO |last=Saldierna |first=J. F. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher=Editorial Emán |page= 68}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m        =
| elevation_max_ft        =
| elevation_min_m        =
|elevation_min_ft        =
| population_total        = 3337543
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{cite web |title=ENOE|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/tabuladosbasicos/tabtema.aspx?s=est&c=28822 |accessdate=24 August 2012}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = 2013
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Mexican states by population density|19th]]
| population_demonym      = Bajacaliforniano(a)
| population_note        =
| population_rank        = [[List of Mexican states by population|14th]]
| timezone1              = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset1            = -8
| timezone1_DST          = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]{{Ref label|engfactobox|a|}}
| utc_offset1_DST        = -7
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Mexico|Postal code]]
| postal_code            = 21, 22
| area_code_type          = [[Area code]]
| area_code              = {{Collapsible list
|title      = [[Area codes in Mexico by code (600-699)|Area codes]]
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
|list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
|1          = • 615
|2          = • 616
|3          = • 646
|4          = • 653
|5          = • 658
|6          = • 661
|7          = • 664
|8          = • 665
|9          = • 686
}}
| iso_code                = MX-BCN
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1        = {{increase}} 0.7717 <span style="color:#090;">high</span> <small>[[List of Mexican states by HDI|Ranked 4th]]</small>
| blank_name_sec2        = [[GDP]]
| blank_info_sec2        = US$23.03 billion.{{Ref label|engoffbox|b|}}
| website                = {{URL|http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx|Official Web Site}}
| footnotes              =
{{note|engoffbox}}a.  2010 and later, Baja California is the only state to use the USA DST schedule state wide, while the rest of Mexico (except for small portions of other northern states) starts DST 3–4 weeks later and ends DST one week earlier)<ref>[http://timeanddate.com/time/dst2010.html Daylight Saving Time Around the World 2010]</ref>
 
{{note|engfactobox}}b. The state's GDP was 294.8 billion of [[Mexican peso|pesos]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |title=Sistema de Cuantas Nacionales de Mexico.|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/derivada/regionales/pib/pibe2006.pdf |year=2010 |page=40 |accessdate=1 October 2010}}</ref> amount corresponding to 23.03 billion of [[Dollar coin (United States)|dollars]], being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of 3 June 2010).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporte: Jueves 3 de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano. |url=http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas |publisher=www.pesomexicano.com.mx |accessdate=10 August 2010}}</ref>
}}
 
'''Baja California'''<ref>Sometimes informally referred to as '''Baja California Norte''' to distinguish it from both the [[Baja California peninsula]], of which it forms the northern half, and [[Baja California Sur]], the adjacent state that covers the southern half of the peninsula. While it is a well-established term for the northern half of the Baja California peninsula, however, its usage would not be correct, because ''Baja California Norte'' has never existed as a political designation for a state, territory, district or region.</ref>({{Audio-IPA|BajaCalifornia.ogg|/ˈbaxa kaliˈfornja|/}}), officially '''Free and Sovereign State of Baja California''' ({{lang-es|Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California}}), is the northernmost and westernmost of the 31 states which, with the [[Mexico City|Federal District]], comprise the [[Political divisions of Mexico|32 Federal Entities]] of [[Mexico]].  Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the '''North Territory of Baja California'''. It has an area of {{convert|70113|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, or 3.57% of the land mass of Mexico and comprises the northern half of the [[Baja California peninsula]], north of the [[28th parallel north|28th parallel]]. The state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by [[Sonora]], the U.S. State of [[Arizona]], and the [[Gulf of California]] (also known as the [[Sea of Cortez]]), and on the south by [[Baja California Sur]]. Its northern limit is the U.S. state of [[California]].
 
The state has a population of 2,844,469 (2005 census), and estimated 3,165,776 (June 2009)<ref>[http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/conepo/seis/Publicaciones/2009/perfiSociodemBC.pdf Sociodemographic profile of BC]{{Dead link|date=March 2010}}</ref> much more than the sparsely populated Baja California Sur to the south, and similar to [[San Diego County, California]] on its north. Over 75% of the population lives in the capital city, [[Mexicali]], in [[Ensenada, Baja California|Ensenada]], or in [[Tijuana]]. Other important cities include [[San Felipe, Baja California|San Felipe]], [[Rosarito (Baja California)|Rosarito]] and [[Tecate]]. The population of the state is composed of [[Mestizos]], mostly immigrants from other parts of Mexico, and, as with most northern Mexican states, a large population of Mexicans of [[White Mexican|European]] ancestry, and also a large minority group of [[East Asian]], Middle Eastern and [[Indigenous peoples in Mexico|indigenous]] descent. Additionally, there is a large immigrant population from the United States due to its proximity to [[San Diego]] and the cheaper cost of living compared to San Diego. There is also a significant population from Central America. Many immigrants moved to Baja California for a better quality of life and the number of higher paying jobs in comparison to the rest of Mexico and [[Latin America]].
 
Baja California is the twelfth largest state by area in Mexico. Its geography ranges from beaches to forests and deserts. The backbone of the state is the Sierra de Baja California, where the [[Picacho del Diablo]], the highest point of the peninsula, is located. This mountain range effectively divides the weather patterns in the state. In the northwest, the weather is semi-dry and [[mediterranean (climate)|mediterranean]]. In the narrow center, the weather changes to be more humid due to altitude. It is in this area where a few valleys can be found, such as the [[Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California|Valle de Guadalupe]], the major wine producing area in Mexico. To the east of the mountain range, the [[Sonoran Desert]] dominates the landscape. In the south, the weather becomes drier and gives way to the Vizcaino Desert. The state is also home to numerous islands off both of its shores. In fact, the westernmost point in Mexico, the [[Guadalupe Island]], is part of Baja California. The [[Coronado Islands|Coronado]], [[Isla Todos Santos|Todos Santos]] and [[Cedros Island]]s are also on the Pacific Shore. On the Gulf of California, the biggest island is the [[Angel de la Guarda Island|Angel de la Guarda]], separated from the peninsula by the deep and narrow [[Ballenas Fault|Canal de Ballenas]].
 
==History==
{{see also|History of the Baja California peninsula}}
The first people came to the peninsula at least 11,000 years ago. At that time two main native groups are thought to have been present on the peninsula. In the south were the [[Cochimí]]. In the north were several groups belonging to the Yuman language family, including the [[Kiliwa]], [[Paipai]], [[Kumeyaay]], [[Cocopa]], and [[Quechan]]. These peoples were diverse in their adaptations to the region. The [[Cochimí]] of the peninsula's Central Desert were generalized hunter-gatherers who moved frequently; however, the Cochimí on [[Cedros Island]] off the west coast had developed a strongly maritime economy. The Kiliwa, Paipai, and Kumeyaay in the better-watered northwest were also hunter-gatherers, but that region supported denser populations and a more sedentary lifestyle. The Cocopa and Quechan of northeastern Baja California practiced agriculture in the floodplain of the lower Colorado River.
 
Europeans reached the present state of Baja California in 1539, when [[Francisco de Ulloa]] reconnoitered its east coast on the [[Gulf of California]] and explored the peninsula's west coast at least as far north as Cedros Island. [[Hernando de Alarcón]] returned to the east coast and ascended the lower Colorado River in 1540, and [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] (or João Rodrigues Cabrilho {{pt icon}}) completed the reconnaissance of the west coast in 1542. [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]] again surveyed the west coast in 1602, but outside visitors during the following century were few.
 
The [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] founded a permanent mission colony on the peninsula at [[Loreto, Baja California Sur|Loreto]] in 1697. During the following decades, they gradually extended their sway throughout the present state of Baja California Sur. In 1751–1753, the Croatian Jesuit mission-explorer [[Ferdinand Konščak]] made overland explorations northward into the state of Baja California. Jesuit missions were subsequently established among the Cochimí at [[Misión Santa Gertrudis|Santa Gertrudis]] (1752), [[Misión San Francisco Borja|San Borja]] (1762), and [[Misión Santa María de los Ángeles|Santa María]] (1767).
 
After the [[Suppression of the Jesuits|expulsion of the Jesuits]] in 1768, the short-lived [[Franciscan]] administration (1768–1773) resulted in one new mission at [[Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá|San Fernando Velicatá]]. More importantly, the 1769 expedition to settle Alta California under [[Gaspar de Portolà]] and [[Junípero Serra]] resulted in the first overland exploration of the northwestern portion of the state.
 
The [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] took over management of the Baja California missions from the Franciscans in 1773. They established a chain of new missions among the northern Cochimí and western Yumans, first on the coast and subsequently inland, extending from [[Misión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñacado|El Rosario]] (1774) to [[Misión El Descanso|Descanso]] (1817), just south of Tijuana.
 
===Nineteenth and twentieth centuries===
 
*1804: The Spanish colony of California was divided into [[Alta California|Alta ("Upper")]] and [[Baja California peninsula|Baja ("Lower") California]] at the line separating the [[Franciscan]] missions in the north from the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] missions in the south.
:The colonial governors were:
::*1804–1805 José Joaquín de Arillaga (s.a.)
::*1806–1814 [[Felipe de Goicoechea]]
::*1814 – 11 April 1822 [[José Darío Argüello]]
*1848: [[Alta California]] is annexed by the United States.
*1853: Soldier of fortune [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]] captures [[La Paz, Baja California Sur|La Paz]], declaring himself President of the Republic of Lower California. The Mexican government forces his retreat after several months.
*1884: Luis Huller and [[George H. Sisson]] obtain a concession covering much of the present state, in return for promises to develop the area.<ref>{{cite journal |last=de Novelo |first=Maria Eugenia Bonifaz |title=Ensenada: Its background, founding and early development |journal=The Journal of San Diego History |year=1984 |issue=Winter |volume=30 |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/84winter/ensenada.htm |accessdate=20 Jul 2008| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080820112906/http://sandiegohistory.org/journal/84winter/ensenada.htm| archivedate= 20 August 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
*1905: The ''Magonista'' revolution, an [[anarchism|anarchist]] movement based on the writings of [[Ricardo Flores Magón]] and [[Enrique Flores Magón]], begins.
*1911: Mexicali and Tijuana are captured by the [[Mexican Liberal Party]] (''Partido Liberal Mexicano'', PLM), but soon surrender to Federal forces.
*1917: On 11 December, "[a] prominent Mexican, close friend of President [[Venustiano Carranza|Carranza]]" offered to U. S. Senator [[Henry F. Ashurst|Henry Ashurst]] to sell Baja California to the U. S. for "fifty million dollars gold."<ref>Henry Fountain Ashurst, ''A Many-Colored Toga: The Diary of Henry Fountain Ashurst''. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1962. p. 74.</ref>
*1930: Baja California is further divided into Northern and Southern territories.
*1952: The ''North Territory of Baja California'' becomes the 29th state of Mexico, Baja California. The southern portion, below 28°N, remains a federally administered territory.
*1974: The ''South Territory of Baja California'' becomes the 31st state, [[Baja California Sur]].
*1989: [[Ernesto Ruffo Appel]] of the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]] becomes the first non-[[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]] governor of Baja California and the first opposition governor of any state since the [[Mexican Revolution|Revolution]].
 
==Geography==
[[Image:Baja California Desert.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Baja California Desert|Central Desert]] in Catavina]]
[[File:Ensenada Grande.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Isla Partida, which is part of the [[San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park]]]]
[[Image:Devils-Peak Sierra-SanPedroMartir BajaCalifornia Mexico.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Sierra de San Pedro Martir]], with Picacho del Diablo in the center.]]
[[File:Playas de Tijuana.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Beach at Tijuana]]
[[Image:Viaje a las Coronado en Agosto 013.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Coronado Islands]], to the west of Tijuana.]]
[[File:Mountains04-Sierra SanPedroMartir-BajaCalifornia-Mexico.jpg|thumb|200px|A Meadow in the San Pedro Martir National Park]]
 
Baja California encompasses a territory which exhibits diverse geography for a relatively small area. The [[Peninsular ranges]] of the California cordillera run down the geographic center of the state. The most notable ranges of these mountains are the Sierra de Juarez and the [[Sierra de San Pedro Martir]]. These ranges are the location of forests cognizant of [[Southern California]]'s [[San Gabriel Mountains]]. Picacho del Diablo is the highest peak in the whole peninsula. Valleys between the mountain ranges are located within a climate zone that are suitable for agriculture. Such valleys included the [[Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California|Valle de Guadalupe]] and the Valle de Ojos Negros, areas that produce citrus fruits and grapes. The mineral-rich mountain range extends southwards to the Gulf of California, where the western slope becomes wider, forming the Llanos del Berrendo in the border with Baja California Sur. The mountain ranges located in the center and southern part of the state include the Sierra de La Asamblea, Sierra de Calamajué, Sierra de San Luis and the Sierra de San Borja.
 
Temperate winds from the Pacific Ocean and the cold [[California Current]] make the climate along the northwestern coast pleasant year-round.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20070625074430/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/productos/normales/estacion/bc/NORMAL02011.TXT NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1971–2000]</ref> As a result of the state's location on the California current, rains from the north barely reach the peninsula, thus leaving southern areas drier. South of El Rosario River the state changes from a Mediterranean landscape to a desert one. This desert exhibits diversity in succulent flora species that flourish in part due to the coastal fog.
 
To the east, the [[Sonoran Desert]] enters the state from both California and Sonora. Some of the highest temperatures in Mexico are recorded in or nearby the Mexicali Valley.<ref>Delta in the northeast, recorded 54.0 degrees celsius on 3 August 1998</ref> However, with irrigation from the Colorado River, this area has become truly an [[Mexicali#The building of an agricultural empire|agricultural center]]. The Cerro Prieto geothermal province is near Mexicali as well (this area is geologically part of a large pull apart basin); producing about 80% of the electricity consumed in the state and enough more to export to California. [[Laguna Salada (Baja California)|Laguna Salada]], a saline lake below sea level lying between the rugged Sierra de Juarez and the Sierra de los Cucapah, is also in the vicinity of Mexicali. The state government has recently been considering plans to revive Laguna Salada.<ref>The state is currently (2008) looking at a plan by SDSU Adj. Professor Newcomb (ICATS) to do this using his geothermal desalination system to supply water locally. SEMARNAT believes this to be the first viable plan presented.</ref> The highest mountain in the Sierra de los Cucapah is the Cerro del Centinela or Mount Signal. The Cucapah are the primary indigenous people of that area and up into the Yuma, AZ area.
 
There are numerous islands on the Pacific shore. [[Guadalupe Island]] is located in the extreme west of the state's boundaries and is the site of large colonies of sea lions. [[Cedros Island]] exists in the southwest of the state's maritime region. The Todos Santos Islands and [[Coronado Islands]] are located off the coast of Tijuana and Ensenada. All of the islands in the Gulf of California, on the Baja California side, belong to the municipality of Mexicali.
 
Baja California obtains much of its water from the [[Colorado River]]. Historically the river drained into the [[Colorado River Delta]] which flowed into the [[Gulf of California]], but due to large demands for water in the [[American Southwest]], less water now reaches the Gulf. The [[Tijuana metropolitan area]] also relies on the [[Tijuana River]] as a source of water.  Much of rural Baja California depends predominantly on wells and a few dams. Tijuana also purchases water from [[San Diego County]]'s Otay Water District. Potable water is the largest natural resource issue of the state.
 
===Climate===
Baja California's climate varies from [[Mediterranean Climate|Mediterranean]] to [[arid climate|arid]]. The [[Mediterranean climate]] is observed in the northwestern corner of the state where the summers are dry and mild and the winters cool and rainy. This climate is observed in areas from Tijuana to San Quintin and nearby interior valleys. The cold oceanic [[California Current]] often creates a low-level marine [[fog]] near the coast. The fog occurs along any part of the Pacific Coast of the state. Rainfall in the Tijuana to Ensenada area is about 10 inches per year, increasing inland with elevation. Tecate, in the mountains east of Tijuana, receives 15 inches of precipitation per year.
 
The change of altitude towards the Sierra de Baja California creates an alpine climate in this region. Summers are cool while winters can be cold with below freezing temperatures at night. It is common to see snow in the Sierra de Juarez and Sierra de San Pedro Martir (and in the valleys in between) from December to April. Due to orographic effects, precipitation is much higher in the mountains of northern Baja California than on the western coastal plain or eastern desert plain. The highest slopes receive up to 25 inches of rainfall per year, during winter frontal passages and summer thunderstorms. Pine, cedar and fir forests are found in the mountains.
 
The east side of the mountains produce a [[rain shadow]], creating an extremely arid environment. The Sonoran Desert region of Baja California experiences hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. The Mexicali Valley (which is below sea level), experiences the highest temperatures in Mexico, that frequently surpass {{convert|47|C|F|1}} in mid-summer, and have exceeded {{convert|50|C|F}} on some occasions.
 
Further south along the Pacific coast, the arid climate remains but it is milder and not as hot as along the gulf coast. Transition climates, from Mediterranean to Desert, can be found from San Quintin to El Rosario. Further inland and along the Gulf of California the vegetation is scarce and temperatures are very high during the summer months. The islands in the Gulf of California also belong to the desert climate. Some oases can be found in the desert in which few towns are located – for instance, Catavina, San Borja and Santa Gertrudis.
 
===Flora and fauna===
Common trees are the [[Jeffrey Pine]], [[Sugar Pine]] and [[Pinon Pine]].<ref>Katharine Layne Brandegee (1894) ''Zoe: Volume IV'', Zoe Publishing Company, Townshend Stith Brandegee</ref> Understory species include [[Manzanita]]. Fauna include a variety of reptiles including the [[Western fence lizard]], which is at the southern extent of its range.<ref>C. Michael Hogan (2008) "[http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_info.asp?thingid=55037 Western fence lizard (''Sceloporus occidentalis'')]", Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg</ref> The name of the fish genus ''[[Bajacalifornia]]'' is derived from the Baja California peninsula.<ref>C. H. Townsend & J. T. Nichols: Deep sea fishes of the 'Albatross' Lower California Expedition. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 52, article 1</ref>
 
In the main terrestrial wildlife refuges on the peninsula of Baja California, [[Constitution 1857 National Park]] and [[Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park]] contain several coniferous species; the most abundant are: [[pinus jeffreyi]], [[pinus ponderosa]], [[pinus cembroide]], [[pinus quadrifolia]], [[pinus monophylla]], [[juniperus]], [[arctostaphylos drupacea]], [[artemisa ludoviciana]],  and [[adenostoma esparcifolium]]. The flora shares many species with the [[Laguna Mountains]] and [[San Jacinto Mountains]] in southwest California. The lower elevations of the Sierra Juárez are characterized by [[chaparral]] and [[desert shrub]].
 
The fauna in the parks exhibit a large number of mammals primarily: [[Mule Deer]], [[Bighorn Sheep]], [[Cougar]], [[Bobcat]], [[Ringtail Cat]], [[Coyote]], [[Rabbit]], [[Squirrel]] and more than 30 species of [[Bat]]s. The park is also home to many avian species like: [[Bald Eagle]], [[Golden Eagle]], [[Falcon]], [[Woodpecker]], [[Black Vulture]], [[Crow]], several species of [[Sittidae]] and [[Duck]].
 
<div align=center>
<!-- galería de mapas -->
{| class="toc" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=2 width=800px style="float:center; margin: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.5e
|colspan=8 style="background:#green; color:white; font-size:100%" align=center bgcolor="green"|'''Flora and fauna of Baja California'''
|-
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Moss-landing-otter.jpg|125px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:MountainLion.jpg|125px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:White shark.jpg|125px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Gymnogyps californianus us fish 2.jpg|125px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Gymnogyps californianus -San Diego Zoo-8a.jpg|125px]]
|-
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Enhydra lutris]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Felis concolor]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Carcharodon carcharias]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Vaquita marina]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Gymnogyps californianus]]
|-
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:California Quail mail in Golden Gate Park.JPG|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Cobra cascavel 280707- 23 04 40s - 49 06 55w REFON (4)a.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Antilocapra americana.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Arctocephalus townsendi.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Desert Bighorn Sheep Joshua Tree 4.JPG|120px]]
|-
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Callipepla californica]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Crotalus durissus]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Antilocapra americana]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Arctocephalus townsendi]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Ovis canadensis]]
|-
|-
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Boojum tree 02.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:California poppy.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Coreopsis gigantea 6.JPG|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Bear Canyon Trail at Sabino Canyon.jpg|120px]]
|align=center valign=center bgcolor="white"|[[File:Pinus ponderosa 9681.JPG|120px]]
|-
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Fouquieria columnaris]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Eschscholzia californica]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Coreopsis gigantea]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Carnegiea gigantea]]
|style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|[[Pinus ponderosa]]
|-
|}
</div>
 
===2010 earthquakes===
{{main|2010 Baja California earthquake}}
At 3:40:41&nbsp;pm PDT on Easter Sunday, 4 April 2010 a 7.2 [[moment magnitude scale|<math>M_\mathrm{w}</math>]] magnitude northwest trending [[Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults|strike-slip]] earthquake hit the [[Mexicali Valley]], with its epicenter 26&nbsp;km southwest of the city of [[Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California|Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California, Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/ci14607652.php|title=Magnitude 7.2 – BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|accessdate=17 March 2012}}</ref>  The main shock was felt as far as the Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas, and in Yuma.  At least a half-dozen aftershocks with magnitudes between 5.0 and 5.4 were reported, including a 5.1-magnitude shaker at 4:14&nbsp;am. that was centered near El Centro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ktvu.com/news/23050549/detail.html|title=At Least Two Die In 7.3-Magnitude Baja Quake|date=4 April 2010|author=KTVU|publisher=[[KTVU]]|accessdate=17 March 2012}}</ref>  As of 6:31 am PDT, 5 April 2010, two people were confirmed dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/04/05/mexico.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T2|title=Baja governor seeks emergency declaration after quake|author=CNN Wire Staff|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=5 April 2010|accessdate=17 March 2012}}</ref>
 
==Government and politics==
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4" style="float:right; margin:2em; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;"
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Presidential elections results|url=http://electionsmx2012.appspot.com/results/embed?state=mx|accessdate=22 February 2013}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Institutional Revolutionary Party|PRI]]
! [[National Action Party (Mexico)|PAN]]
! [[Party of the Democratic Revolution|PRD]]
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|'''[[Mexican general election, 2012|2012]]'''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|'''36.99%''' ''446,192''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|27.2% ''328,116''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|31.15% ''375,803''
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|'''[[Mexican general election, 2006|2006]]'''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|21.38% ''203,233''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|'''47.35%''' ''450,186''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|23.59% ''224,275''
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|'''[[Mexican general election, 2000|2000]]'''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|37.04% ''319,477''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|'''49.76%''' ''429,194''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|8.97% ''77,340''
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|'''[[Mexican general election, 1994|1994]]'''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FF2400;"|'''48.92%''' ''402,332''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#318CE7;"|36.18% ''297,565''
|  style="text-align:center; background:#FFD700;"|8.35% ''68,669''
|}
 
===Government===
[[File:Municipios de Baja California.svg|thumb|left|240px|[[Municipalities of Baja California]]]]
Baja California is subdivided into five ''[[municipio (Mexico)|municipios]]'' ([[municipality|municipalities]]). See [[municipalities of Baja California]].
 
*[[Ensenada Municipality, Baja California|Ensenada]]
*[[Mexicali Municipality, Baja California|Mexicali]]
*[[Tecate Municipality, Baja California|Tecate]]
*[[Tijuana Municipality, Baja California|Tijuana]]
*[[Rosarito Beach Municipality, Baja California|Rosarito Beach]]
 
==Demographics==
[[File:GrandHotelTijuana&TJCountryClub.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Country Club of Tijuana]]
[[File:Mexico Baja California passport stamp.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Passport stamp granted at a Baja California port of entry in [[Tijuana]].]]
 
;[[File:Coat of arms of Baja California.svg|30px]]  '''Demographic development of Baja California from 1895'''
<timeline>
Colors=
  id:a value:gray(0.9)
  id:b value:gray(0.7)
  id:c value:rgb(1,1,1)
  id:d value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
 
ImageSize  = width:800 height:500
PlotArea  = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
Period    = from:0 till:3350000
TimeAxis  = orientation:vertical
AlignBars  = justify
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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:a increment:40000 start:0
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BarData=
 
  bar:1895 text:1895
  bar:1900 text:1900
  bar:1910 text:1910
  bar:1921 text:1921
  bar:1930 text:1930
  bar:1940 text:1940
  bar:1950 text:1950
  bar:1960 text:1960
  bar:1970 text:1970
  bar:1980 text:1980
  bar:1990 text:1990
  bar:1995 text:1995
  bar:2000 text:2000
  bar:2005 text:2005
  bar:2010 text:2010
  bar:Est2013 text:Est 2013
 
PlotData=
  color:d width:20 align:left
 
  bar:1895 from:0 till: 42875
  bar:1900 from:0 till: 7583
  bar:1910 from:0 till: 9760
  bar:1921 from:0 till: 23537
  bar:1930 from:0 till: 48327
  bar:1940 from:0 till: 78907
  bar:1950 from:0 till: 226965
  bar:1960 from:0 till: 520165
  bar:1970 from:0 till: 870421
  bar:1980 from:0 till: 1177886
  bar:1990 from:0 till: 1660855
  bar:1995 from:0 till: 2112140
  bar:2000 from:0 till: 2487367
  bar:2005 from:0 till: 2844469
  bar:2010 from:0 till: 3155070
  bar:Est2013 from:0 till: 3337543
PlotData=
 
  bar:1895 at: 42875 fontsize:s text: 42.875 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1900 at: 7583 fontsize:s text:7.583  shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1910 at: 9760 fontsize:s text: 9.760 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1921 at: 23537 fontsize:s text: 23.537 shift:(-10,5)
  bar:1930 at: 48327 fontsize:s text: 48.327 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1940 at: 78907 fontsize:s text: 78.907 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1950 at: 226965 fontsize:s text: 226.965 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1960 at: 520165 fontsize:s text: 520.165 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1970 at: 870421 fontsize:s text: 870.421 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1980 at: 1177886 fontsize:s text: 1.177.886 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1990 at: 1660855 fontsize:s text: 1.660.855 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:1995 at: 2112140 fontsize:s text: 2.112.140 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2000 at: 2487367 fontsize:s text: 2.487.367 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2005 at: 2844469 fontsize:s text: 2.844.469 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:2010 at: 3155070 fontsize:s text: 3.155.070 shift:(-15,5)
  bar:Est2013 at: 3337543 fontsize:S text: 3.337.543 shift:(-15,5)
 
</timeline>
<br clear="left">
:<small>Source: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía|INEGI]]</small><ref>Population Census. Online: http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/Proyectos/ccpv/default.aspx.</ref>
 
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Baja California (2010 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/ccpv/cpv2010/Default.aspx|title=Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 |publisher=INEGI |date= |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|float=left
|bars=
{{Bar percent|Roman Catholicism|blue|72.1}}
{{Bar percent|Other Christian|purple|15.1}}
{{Bar percent|Other Religion|red|0.1}}
{{Bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|green|10.0}}
{{Bar percent|Unspecified|orange|2.7}}
}}
 
The Majority of the population of Baja California is Mestizo, however the state has one of the larger percentages of White (European) Mexicans (about 30%). There are small indigenous communities as well.
 
Historically, the state has had sizable [[East Asian]] immigration. Mexicali has a large Chinese community, as well as many [[Filipino people|Filipinos]] from the Philippines who arrived to the state during the eras of Spanish and American rule (1898–1946) in much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Tijuana and Ensenada were a major port of entry for East Asians entering the U.S. ever since the first [[Asian-American]]s were present in California.
 
Also a significant number of [[Middle Eastern]] immigrants such as [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], [[Syrian]]s and [[Armenians]] settle near the U.S. border, and small waves of settlers in the early 20th century, usually members of the [[Molokan]] sect of the [[Russian Orthodox]] church fled the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] of 1917 when the Soviet Union took power, had established a few villages along the Pacific coast south of [[Ensenada, Baja California|Ensenada]]. {{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
 
Since 1960, large numbers of migrants from southern Mexican states have arrived to work in agriculture (esp. the Mexicali Valley and nearby [[Imperial Valley]], California, US) and manufacturing. The cities of Ensenada, Tijuana and Mexicali grew as a result of migrants, primarily those who sought US citizenship and those temporary residents awaiting their entry into the United States are called ''Flotillas'', which is derived from the Spanish word "''flota''," meaning "fleet."
 
There is also a sizable immigrant community from [[Central America|Central]] and South America, and from the United States and Canada. An estimated 200,000+ American [[expatriates]] live in the state, especially in [[seaside resort|coastal resort town]]s such as [[Ensenada, Baja California|Ensenada]], known for affordable homes purchased by retirees who continue to hold US citizenship. [[San Felipe, Baja California|San Felipe]], [[Rosarito (Baja California)|Rosarito]] and [[Tijuana]] also have a large American population (second largest in Mexico next to Mexico City), particularly for its cheaper housing and proximity to [[San Diego]].
 
Some 60 thousand Oaxacans live in BC, the vast majority being indigenous, some 40% of them lack proper birth certificates.<ref>http://www.noticiasnet.mx/portal/oaxaca/general/migrantes/127126-problemas-acta-nacimiento-40-oaxaquenos-baja-california</ref>
 
==Education==
[[File:CECUT.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tijuana's CECUT]]
{{Further|:Category:Universities and colleges in Baja California}}
Baja California has one of the best educational programs in the country, with high rankings in schooling and achievement.
 
The State Government provides education and qualification courses to increase the workforce standards, such as School-Enterprise linkage programs which helps the development of labor force according to the needs of the industry.
 
91.60% of the population from six to fourteen years of age attend elementary school. 61.95% of the population over fifteen years of age attend or have already graduated from high school. Public School is available in all levels, from kindergarten to university.
 
The state has 32 universities offering 103 professional degrees. These universities have 19 Research and Development centers for basic and applied investigation in advanced projects of Biotechnology, Physics, Oceanography, Digital Geothermal Technology, Astronomy, Aerospace, Electrical Engineering and Clean Energy, among others. At this educational level supply is steadily growing. Baja California has developed a need to be self-sufficient in matters of technological and scientific innovation and to be less dependent on foreign countries. Current businesses demand new production processes as well as technology for the incubation of companies. The number of various graduate degrees offered, including Ph.D. programs, is 121. The state has 53 graduate schools.<ref name=GOBC>[http://www.investinbaja.gob.mx/english/workforce/education.htm State Government of Baja California and Secretariat of Public Education].</ref>
 
==Economy==
[[File:Viñedos in Baja California.jpg|thumb|250px|Vineyards in the wine region of [[Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California|Valle de Guadalupe]].]]
As of 2005, Baja California’s economy represents 3.3% of Mexico’s [[gross domestic product]] or 21,996&nbsp;million USD.<ref name="ICM">
{{cite book
| authorlink = http://www.bancomext.gob.mx
| title = Industrial Costs in Mexico – A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007
| publisher=Bancomext
| year = 2007
| location = Mexico City
| page = 86
}}</ref> Baja California's economy has a strong focus on tariff-free export oriented manufacturing ([[maquiladora]]). As of 2005, 284,255 people are employed in the manufacturing sector.<ref name="ICM" /> There are a more than 900 companies operating under the federal [[Prosec Mexico|Prosec]] program in Baja California.
 
===Real estate===
The Foreign Investment Law of 1973<ref>http://www.lectlaw.com/files/int14.htm</ref> allows foreigners to purchase land within the borders and coasts of Mexico by way of a trust, handled through a Mexican bank (Fideicomiso). This trust assures to the buyer all the rights and privileges of ownership, and it can be sold, inherited, leased, or transferred at any time. Since 1994, the Foreign Investment Law stipulates that the Fideicomiso must be to a 50-year term, with the option to petition for a 50-year renewal at any time.<ref>Mexico and Direct Foreign Ownership of Coastal Property, MexiData.info, 12 April 2010 http://www.mexidata.info/id2615.html</ref>
 
Any Mexican citizen buying a bank trust property has the option to either remain within the Trust or opt out of it and request the title in “Escritura”.
 
Mexico’s early history involved foreign invasions and the loss of vast amounts of land; in fear of history being repeated, the Mexican constitution established the concept of the “Restricted Zone”.<ref>http://www.mexicolaw.com/LawInfo17.htm</ref> In 1973, in order to bring in more foreign tourist investment, the Bank Trust of Fideicomiso was created, thus allowing non-Mexicans to own land without any constitutional amendment necessary.<ref>http://www.bajaopenhouse.com/Fideicomiso_-_Bank_Trust/page_1922035.html</ref> Since the law went into effect, it has undergone many modifications in order to make purchasing land in Mexico a safer investment.
 
==Transportation==
{{Incomplete|section|date=July 2013}}
 
==See also==
* [[Las Californias]]
* [[History of the west coast of North America]]
* [[List of Baja California cities]]
* [[Northwest Mexico]]
* [[Spanish missions in California#Missions in present-day Baja California (Mexico)|Spanish missions in present-day Baja California]]
 
===Portals===
*{{portal-inline|Geography}}
*{{portal-inline|North America}}
<!--*{{portal-inline| Northern America }}-->
*{{portal-inline|Latin America}}
*{{portal-inline|Mexico}}
<!--*{{portal-inline|Baja California}} -->
{{clear}}
 
==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
 
;Sources
* [http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/nuestro_estado/historia/transformacion.jsp Baja California State Government: The Transformation of Baja California] '''(Spanish)'''
* [http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/ci14607652/ USGS – 7.2 Earthquake]
 
==External links==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons=Category:Baja California |b=no |n=no |q=no |v=no |voy=Baja California (state) |species=no |d=no |display=Baja California }}
*[http://www.aida-americas.org/en/cabo_pulmo Baja California Sur: Cabo Pulmo Coral Reef in Danger]
*[http://www.aida-americas.org/en Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/site.jsp State government]
*{{es icon}} [http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_bajacalifornia Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México]
 
<!--spacing-->
 
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Baja California
|North    = {{flag|California}}
|Northeast      = {{flag|Arizona}}, {{flag|Sonora}}
|East = [[Gulf of California]]
|South    = {{flag|Baja California Sur}}
|West      = [[Pacific Ocean]]
}}
 
{{Baja California}}
{{States of Mexico}}
{{Northwestern Mexico}}
 
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
 
[[Category:States of Mexico]]
[[Category:Baja California| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1952]]

Latest revision as of 14:02, 3 August 2014

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