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{{About|NOR in the logical sense|the electronic gate|NOR gate|other uses|Nor (disambiguation){{!}}Nor}}
For over a decade, the Prostate Cancer Education Council (PCEC) has provided free plus low-cost screenings to men during the 3rd week of September, called Prostate Cancer Awareness Week (PCAW).<br><br>The problem of weight has been growing quickly across the world which nearly doubled from 1998 to 2005. The factors associated to obesity are numerous, however, I might talk regarding some factors that are manmade so, is minimized in order to deal with all the problem. The first factor which comes right away is harmful and busy lifestyle, that has been adopted by millions of individuals, so provides rise to such unwanted fat associated problems. The second factor is unhealthy food (like junk food). People are today becoming dependent on unhealthy diets which include foods like pizza, burger plus foods containing significant cholesterol (foods containing saturated fatty acids) dangerous to heart.<br><br>The Golden Ratio: Develop a Body Women LikeThe best approach to calculating ideal body measurements comes from the Adonis Effect. The program is based on actual research showing what kind of body females, plus even alternative men, find most appealing. Essentially, you need to target a shoulder to waist ratio of 1.618 (the Golden Ratio). We waist to height ratio ought to be 45%.<br><br>Diesel tuning involves rewriting the ECU maps to liberate a diesel engine's true potential. Dozens of settings that affect the performance of the vehicle are improved in the remapping process. The purpose of ECU remapping is to achieve the the best possible energy curve for automobile performance and gas economy. At the same time, protection variables originally programmed into the ECU should be respected inside purchase to avoid any damage to the engine or drive train.<br><br>Correctly undertaken, diesel tuning by remapping the ECU could create the engine run better, producing extra energy plus torque. Take, through illustration, a late-model Audi with a 2.0 litre TDi engine plus original force output of 140 BHP. Remapping the ECU could possibly boost power to 170 BHP plus heighten torque by 75 Nm. Of course, power gains will vary, based on the model plus engine specs. However, a 35% improvement in performance is feasible for various cars or pickups.<br><br>Let's break it down a bit. "Ideal body weight" is defined as the weight persons are expected to weigh for wise health [http://safedietplansforwomen.com/waist-to-height-ratio waist height ratio] based on age, sex plus height. Body composition is the makeup of the body in terms of fat-free mass (the part of the body composition which represents everything yet fat--blood, bones, connective cells, organs and muscles) and fat mass (actual amount of essential and non-essential fat inside the body.) Essential fat is the amount of fat essential for regular functioning of the body.<br><br>If you find truly the only trouble we have whenever you purchase jeans is a pulling or tightness inside the crotch, it could be considering the body is longer plus you have brief legs. Try purchasing Carhartt jeans in a petite size irrespective of your height.<br><br>Book three picked up the game again from the time you open this book. Some parts were a small predictable but the story line kept you going on simply to ensure we were right. Although the ending kind of created me a small apprehensive about the next book. I like little guessing games, although this book made me rethink the whole love story between Cat plus Bones.
{{redirect-distinguish2|Peirce arrow|[[Pierce-Arrow]], an automobile manufacturer}}
[[File:Venn1000.svg|220px|thumb|[[Venn diagram]] of <math>~A \downarrow B</math><br><small>(nor part in red)</small>]]
 
In [[boolean logic]], '''logical nor''' or '''joint denial''' is a truth-functional operator which produces a result that is the negation of [[logical disjunction|logical or]]. That is, a sentence of the form (''p'' NOR ''q'') is true precisely when neither ''p'' nor ''q'' is true—i.e. when both of ''p'' and ''q'' are ''false''. In [[grammar]], '''nor''' is a [[grammatical conjunction|coordinating conjunction]].
 
The NOR operator is also known as '''Peirce's arrow''' &mdash; [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] introduced the symbol ↓ for it,<ref name="BüningLettmann1999">{{cite book|author1=Hans Kleine Büning|author2=Theodor Lettmann|title=Propositional logic: deduction and algorithms|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3oJE9yczr3EC&pg=PA2|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-63017-7|page=2}}</ref> and demonstrated that the logical NOR is completely expressible: by combining uses of the logical NOR it is possible to express any logical operation on two variables. Thus, as with its [[duality (mathematics)|dual]], the [[logical nand|NAND operator]] (a.k.a. the [[Henry M. Sheffer|Sheffer]] stroke &mdash; symbolized as either | or /), NOR can be used by itself, without any other logical operator, to constitute a logical [[formal system]] (making NOR [[functional completeness|functionally complete]]). It is also known as [[Willard Van Orman Quine|Quine]]'s dagger (his symbol was †), the '''{{visible anchor|ampheck}}''' (from Greek αμφηκης, cutting both ways; compare ''[[wikt:amphi-|amphi-]]'') by Peirce,<ref>C.S. Peirce, [[Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography#CP|CP]] 4.264</ref> or "neither-nor".
 
One way of expressing ''p'' NOR ''q'' is <math>\overline{p \lor q}</math>, where the symbol <math>\or</math> signifies OR and the bar signifies the negation of the expression under it:  in essence, simply <math>\neg(p \lor q)</math>. Other ways of expressing ''p'' NOR ''q'' are X''pq'', and <math>\overline{p + q}</math>.
 
The [[computer]] used in the spacecraft that first carried humans to the [[moon]], the [[Apollo Guidance Computer]], was constructed entirely using NOR gates with three inputs. <ref name="Hall-1996">{{Citation
  | first = Eldon C.
  | last = Hall
  | author-link = Eldon C. Hall
  | title = Journey to the Moon: The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer
  | place = Reston, Virginia, USA
  | publisher = [[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics|AIAA]]
  | year = 1996
  | page = 196
  | doi =
  | isbn = 1-56347-185-X }}
</ref>
 
==Definition==
 
The '''NOR operation''' is a [[logical operation]] on two [[logical value]]s, typically the values of two [[proposition]]s, that produces a value of ''true'' if and only if both operands are false. In other words, it produces a value of ''false'' if and only if at least one operand is true.
 
===Truth table===
The [[truth table]] of '''A NOR B''' (also written as '''A&nbsp;↓&nbsp;B''') is as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em"
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff" align="center"
|colspan=2|'''INPUT''' || '''OUTPUT'''
|- bgcolor="#ddeeff" align="center"
| A || B || A NOR B
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd" align="center"
|0 || 0 || 1
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd" align="center"
|0 || 1 || 0
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd" align="center"
|1 || 0 || 0
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd" align="center"
|1 || 1 || 0
|}
 
==Properties==
Logical NOR does not possess any of the five qualities (truth-preserving, false-preserving, [[Linear#Boolean_functions|linear]], [[Monotonic#Boolean_functions|monotonic]], self-dual) required to be absent from at least one member of a set of [[functional completeness|functionally complete]] operators. Thus, the set containing only NOR suffices as a complete set.
 
==Introduction, elimination, and equivalencies==
 
NOR has the interesting feature that all other logical operators can be expressed by interlaced NOR operations.
The [[Sheffer stroke|logical NAND]] operator also has this ability.
 
The logical NOR <math>\downarrow</math> is the negation of the disjunction:
 
{| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
|<math>P \downarrow Q</math>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>\neg (P \or Q)</math>
|-
|[[File:Venn1000.svg|50px]]
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>\neg</math> [[File:Venn0111.svg|50px]]
|}
 
 
 
Expressed in terms of NOR <math>\downarrow</math>, the usual operators of propositional logic are:
 
{|
|-
|<!--- not --->
{| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
|<math>\neg P</math>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>P \downarrow P</math>
|-
|<math>\neg</math> [[File:Venn01.svg|36px]]
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|[[File:Venn10.svg|36px]]
|}<!--- end not--->
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<!--- arrow --->
{| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
|<math>P \rightarrow Q</math>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>\Big( (P \downarrow P) \downarrow Q \Big)</math>
|<math>\downarrow</math>
|<math>\Big( (P \downarrow P) \downarrow Q \Big)</math>
|-
|[[File:Venn1011.svg|50px]]
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|[[File:Venn0100.svg|50px]]
|<math>\downarrow</math>
|[[File:Venn0100.svg|50px]]
|}<!--- end arrow --->
|-
|&nbsp;
|-
|<!--- and --->
{| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
|<math>P \and Q</math>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>(P \downarrow P)</math>  
|<math>\downarrow</math>
|<math>(Q \downarrow Q)</math>
|-
|[[File:Venn0001.svg|50px]]
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|[[File:Venn1010.svg|50px]]
|<math>\downarrow</math>  
|[[File:Venn1100.svg|50px]]
|}<!--- end and --->
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<!--- or --->
{| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
|-
|<math>P \or Q</math>
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<math>(P \downarrow Q)</math>
|<math>\downarrow</math>
|<math>(P \downarrow Q)</math>
|-
|[[File:Venn0111.svg|50px]]
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math>\Leftrightarrow</math>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|[[File:Venn1000.svg|50px]]
|<math>\downarrow</math>
|[[File:Venn1000.svg|50px]]
|}<!--- end or --->
|}
 
==See also==
 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* [[Bitwise operation|Bitwise NOR]]
* [[Boolean algebra (logic)|Boolean algebra]]
* [[Boolean domain]]
* [[Boolean function]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Functional completeness]]
* [[NOR gate]]
* [[Propositional logic]]
* [[Sole sufficient operator]]
{{col-end}}
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{Logical connectives}}
 
[[Category:Logical connectives]]
 
[[de:Peirce-Funktion]]
[[es:Puerta lógica#Puerta NO-O (NOR)]]
[[it:Algebra di Boole#NOR]]
[[ro:NOR logic]]

Latest revision as of 20:36, 11 January 2015

For over a decade, the Prostate Cancer Education Council (PCEC) has provided free plus low-cost screenings to men during the 3rd week of September, called Prostate Cancer Awareness Week (PCAW).

The problem of weight has been growing quickly across the world which nearly doubled from 1998 to 2005. The factors associated to obesity are numerous, however, I might talk regarding some factors that are manmade so, is minimized in order to deal with all the problem. The first factor which comes right away is harmful and busy lifestyle, that has been adopted by millions of individuals, so provides rise to such unwanted fat associated problems. The second factor is unhealthy food (like junk food). People are today becoming dependent on unhealthy diets which include foods like pizza, burger plus foods containing significant cholesterol (foods containing saturated fatty acids) dangerous to heart.

The Golden Ratio: Develop a Body Women LikeThe best approach to calculating ideal body measurements comes from the Adonis Effect. The program is based on actual research showing what kind of body females, plus even alternative men, find most appealing. Essentially, you need to target a shoulder to waist ratio of 1.618 (the Golden Ratio). We waist to height ratio ought to be 45%.

Diesel tuning involves rewriting the ECU maps to liberate a diesel engine's true potential. Dozens of settings that affect the performance of the vehicle are improved in the remapping process. The purpose of ECU remapping is to achieve the the best possible energy curve for automobile performance and gas economy. At the same time, protection variables originally programmed into the ECU should be respected inside purchase to avoid any damage to the engine or drive train.

Correctly undertaken, diesel tuning by remapping the ECU could create the engine run better, producing extra energy plus torque. Take, through illustration, a late-model Audi with a 2.0 litre TDi engine plus original force output of 140 BHP. Remapping the ECU could possibly boost power to 170 BHP plus heighten torque by 75 Nm. Of course, power gains will vary, based on the model plus engine specs. However, a 35% improvement in performance is feasible for various cars or pickups.

Let's break it down a bit. "Ideal body weight" is defined as the weight persons are expected to weigh for wise health waist height ratio based on age, sex plus height. Body composition is the makeup of the body in terms of fat-free mass (the part of the body composition which represents everything yet fat--blood, bones, connective cells, organs and muscles) and fat mass (actual amount of essential and non-essential fat inside the body.) Essential fat is the amount of fat essential for regular functioning of the body.

If you find truly the only trouble we have whenever you purchase jeans is a pulling or tightness inside the crotch, it could be considering the body is longer plus you have brief legs. Try purchasing Carhartt jeans in a petite size irrespective of your height.

Book three picked up the game again from the time you open this book. Some parts were a small predictable but the story line kept you going on simply to ensure we were right. Although the ending kind of created me a small apprehensive about the next book. I like little guessing games, although this book made me rethink the whole love story between Cat plus Bones.

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