Osmotic coefficient: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Newer edit →
→‎See also: vH factor
 
ideal solution link
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Planetbox begin
| name = [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 8799 c
}}
{{Planetbox image
| image =  Exoplanet Comparison HR 8799 c.png
| caption = Size comparison of HR 8799 c (gray) with Jupiter.
}}
{{Planetbox star
| star = [[HR 8799]]
| constell = [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]
| RA = {{RA|23|07|28.7150}}<ref name="SIMBAD">{{SIMBAD link|HR+8799|V* V342 Peg  -- Variable Star of gamma Dor type}}, entry, [[SIMBAD]].  Accessed on line November 14, 2008.</ref>
| DEC = {{DEC|+21|08|03.302}}<ref name="SIMBAD" />
| app_mag = 5.964<ref name="SIMBAD" />
| dist_ly = 129 ± 4<ref name="vanLeeuwen2007">{{cite web|url=http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/311/hip2&recno=113804|title=HIP 114189|work=Hipparcos, the New Reduction|author=van Leeuwen, F.|year=2007|accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref><ref group="note" name="calculate_distance">Computed from parallax: <math>\scriptstyle \mathrm{distance\ in\ parsecs}=\frac{1000}{\mathrm{parallax\ in\ milliarcseconds}}</math></ref>
| dist_pc = 39 ± 1<ref name="vanLeeuwen2007" /><ref group="note" name="calculate_distance" />
| class = kA5 hF0 mA5 V; λ Boo<ref name="Gray1999">{{cite journal|title=HR 8799: A Link between γ Doradus Variables and λ Bootis Stars|author=Gray, R.O. and Kaye, A.B.|year=1999|journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]]|volume=118|issue=6|pages=2993–2996|doi=10.1086/301134|bibcode=1999AJ....118.2993G}}</ref><ref name="Kaye1999">{{cite journal|title=Gamma Doradus Stars: Defining a New Class of Pulsating Variables|author=Kaye, A.B. ''et al.''|year=1999|journal=[[PASP]]|volume=111|issue=761|pages=840–844|bibcode=1999PASP..111..840K|doi=10.1086/316399|arxiv = astro-ph/9905042 }}</ref>
}}
{{Planetbox separation
| epoch = 2008-09-18
| separation_mas = 964<ref name="Marois2008">{{cite journal |last=Marois |first=Christian |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |date=November 2008 |title=Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=322 |issue=5906 |pages=1348–1352 |doi=10.1126/science.1166585 |arxiv=0811.2606 |accessdate= |quote= |pmid=19008415 |bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1348M }}</ref><ref group="note" name="separation">Calculated from the separations in the East and North directions which are −0.657 and 0.706 [[arcsecond]]s respectively.</ref>
| position_angle = 317.06<ref name="Marois2008" /><ref group="note" name="separation" />
| separation = 38<ref name="Marois2008" />
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| semimajor = ~ 38<ref name="Marois2008" /><ref group="note" name="circular_orbit">Value given assuming the planet's orbit is circular and is being observed face-on.</ref>
| semimajor_gm = ~ 5600
| period_year = ~ 190<ref name="Marois2008" /><ref group="note" name="circular_orbit" />
}}
{{Planetbox character
| mass = 7{{±|3|2}}<ref>{{cite arxiv |eprint=1011.4918 |author1=Marois |author2=Zuckerman |author3=Konopacky |author4=Macintosh |author5=Barman |title=Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799 |class=astro-ph.EP |year=2010}}</ref>
| radius = 1.3<ref name="spectrum"/>
| density = 3.2{{±|1.3|0.7}}
| temperature = 1090{{±|10|90}}<ref name="Marois2008" />
}}
{{Planetbox discovery
| discovery_date = November 13, 2008
| discoverers = Marois ''et al.''
| discovery_method = [[Direct imaging]]
| discovery_site = [[W.M. Keck Observatory|Keck]] and [[Gemini Observatory|Gemini<br/>observatories]] in [[Hawaii]]
| discovery_status = Published
}}
{{Planetbox catalog
| names = [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]]&nbsp;218396&nbsp;c<ref>{{SIMBAD link|HD+218396c|HD 218396c -- Extra-solar Planet Candidate}}, entry, [[SIMBAD]].  Accessed on line December 6, 2008.</ref>
}}
{{Planetbox reference
| star = HR+8799
| planet = c
| simbad = HD+218396c
}}
{{Planetbox end}}


'''HR 8799 c''' is an [[extrasolar planet]] located approximately 129 [[light-year]]s away in the [[constellation]] of [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]], orbiting the 6th [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] [[Lambda Boötis star]] [[HR 8799]]. This planet has a mass between 5 and 10 [[Jupiter mass]]es and a radius from 20 to 30% larger than [[Jupiter]]'s.  It orbits at 38 [[astronomical units|AU]] from HR 8799 with an unknown eccentricity and a period of 190 years; it is the 2nd planet discovered in the HR 8799 system.  Along with two other planets orbiting HR 8799, this planet was discovered on November 13, 2008 by Marois ''et al.'', using the [[W.M. Keck Observatory|Keck]] and the [[Gemini Observatory|Gemini observatories]] in [[Hawaii]].  These planets were discovered using the [[direct imaging]] technique.<ref name="Marois2008" /><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.keckobservatory.org/article.php?id=231|title=Astronomers capture first images of newly-discovered solar system|publisher=W. M. Keck Observatory|date=2008-11-13|accessdate=2008-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.gemini.edu/node/11151|title=Gemini Releases Historic Discovery Image of Planetary First Family|publisher=Gemini Observatory|date=2008-11-13|accessdate=2008-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Scientists Publish First Direct Images of Extrasolar Planets|first=Joel|last=Achenbach|work=[[The Washington Post]]|publisher=[[The Washington Post Company]]|date=2008-11-13|accessdate=2008-12-02|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/13/AR2008111302267.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Stability of the directly imaged multiplanet system HR 8799: resonance and masses |author=Fabrycky ''et al.'' |date=1 December 2008|pages=1408–1421 |accessdate=2008-12-02 |issue=2 |volume=710 |author2=Murray-Clay |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1408 |journal=Astrophys.J. |arxiv=0812.0011|bibcode = 2010ApJ...710.1408F }}</ref> In January 2010, HR 8799 c became the 3rd exoplanet to have a portion of its spectrum directly observed (following 2M1207b and 1RXS J1609b), confirming the feasibility of direct spectrographic studies of exoplanets.<ref name="spectrum"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Janson|first=M.|date=13 January 2010|title=VLT Captures First Direct Spectrum of an Exoplanet|journal=ESO|location=La Silla Observatory|url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1002/|accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref>


The main advantage of using the blog is that anyone can use the Word - Press blog and customize the elements in the theme regardless to limited knowledge about internet and website development. It is used by around 25% of all new websites, and there are more than 27 thousand plugins currently available. One really cool features about this amazing and free wp plugin is that the code it generates is completely portable. If you're using Wordpress and want to make your blog a "dofollow" blog, meaning that links from your blog pass on the benefits of Google pagerank, you can install one of the many dofollow plugins available. Understanding how Word - Press works can be a challenge, but it is not too difficult when you learn more about it. <br><br>Right starting from social media support to search engine optimization, such plugins are easily available within the Word - Press open source platform. After all, Word - Press is free, many of the enhancements for Word - Press like themes and plugins are also free, and there is plenty of free information online about how to use Word - Press. It allows Word - Press users to easily use HTML5  the element enable native video playback within the browser. Furthermore, with the launch of Windows 7 Phone is the smart phone market nascent App. Once you've installed the program you can quickly begin by adding content and editing it with features such as bullet pointing, text alignment and effects without having to do all the coding yourself. <br><br>Just ensure that you hire experienced Word - Press CMS developer who is experienced enough to perform the task of Word - Press customization to get optimum benefits of Word - Press CMS. It was also the very first year that the category of Martial Arts was included in the Parents - Connect nationwide online poll, allowing parents to vote for their favorite San Antonio Martial Arts Academy. If you adored this article and you simply would like to receive more info relating to [http://xd03.com/BackupPlugin528235/ wordpress backup] i implore you to visit the web site. I hope this short Plugin Dynamo Review will assist you to differentiate whether Plugin Dynamo is Scam or a Genuine. User friendly features and flexibility that Word - Press has to offer is second to none. For any web design and development assignment, this is definitely one of the key concerns, specifically for online retail outlets as well as e-commerce websites. <br><br>Additionally Word - Press add a default theme named Twenty Fourteen. And, that is all the opposition events with nationalistic agenda in favor of the individuals of Pakistan marching collectively in the battle in opposition to radicalism. This allows for keeping the content editing toolbar in place at all times no matter how far down the page is scrolled. Can you imagine where you would be now if someone in your family bought an original painting from van Gogh during his lifetime. See a product, take a picture, and it gives you an Amazon price for that product, or related products. <br><br>As a open source platform Wordpress offers distinctive ready to use themes for free along with custom theme support and easy customization. Sanjeev Chuadhary is an expert writer who shares his knowledge about web development through their published articles and other resource. Just download it from the website and start using the same. This is because of the customization that works as a keystone for a SEO friendly blogging portal website. Likewise, professional publishers with a multi author and editor setup often find that Word - Press lack basic user and role management capabilities.
==Spectra==
[[File:Spectrum of planet around HR 8799 (annotated).jpg|thumb|left|alt=Spectrum of planet around HR8799. Credit: ESO/M. Janson.|The spectrum of the planet HR 8799 c. The spectrum of the star and the planet was obtained with the NACO adaptive optics instrument on [[European Southern Observatory|ESO]]’s [[Very Large Telescope]].]]
 
Near infrared spectroscopy from 995 to 1769 nanometers made with the Palomar Obervatory show evidence of Ammonia, perhaps some Acetylene but neither Carbon Dioxide nor substantial Methane.<ref name=Gilliland>{{cite web|first = B. R. Oppenheimer|title= Reconnaissance of the HR 8799 Exosolar System I: Near IR Spectroscopy|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.2627|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref>
High resolution spectroscopy with the OSIRIS instrument on the Keck Observatory show numerous well resolved lines of molecular absorption in the planet's atmosphere in the K band.  Although methane is absent, the planet's atmosphere contains both water and carbon monoxide; the carbon-to-oxygen ratio of HR 8799 c is higher than that of its star, suggesting that the planet formed through the core accretion process.<ref>[http://www.salon.com/2013/03/14/alien_planets_atmosphere_contains_water_and_carbon_monoxide/ Alien planet’s atmosphere contains water and carbon monoxide ]</ref><ref>[http://www.space.com/20230-giant-planet-atmosphere-solar-system.html Giant Alien Planet in Supersized Solar System May Solve Mystery]</ref>
 
==Notes==
<references group="note" />
 
==See also==
* [[Fomalhaut b]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
 
<ref name="spectrum">
{{cite journal |last=Jason |first=M. |coauthors=C. Bergfors, M. Goto, W. Brandner, D. Lafrenière |year=2010 |title=Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the exoplanet HR 8799 c |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume= |issue= |pages= |url=http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1002/eso1002.pdf |doi= |accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref>
 
}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{cite web | url=http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/base/planete.php?etoile=HR+8799&planete=c | title=HR 8799 c | work=Exoplanets}}
 
{{HR 8799}}
{{Sky|23|07|28.7150|+|21|08|03.302|129}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hr 8799 C}}
[[Category:HR 8799]]
[[Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2008]]
[[Category:Gas giants]]
[[Category:Pegasus (constellation)]]
[[Category:Exoplanets detected by direct imaging]]

Revision as of 18:13, 3 February 2014

Template:Planetbox begin Template:Planetbox image Template:Planetbox star Template:Planetbox separation Template:Planetbox orbit Template:Planetbox character Template:Planetbox discovery Template:Planetbox catalog Template:Planetbox reference Template:Planetbox end

HR 8799 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 129 light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus, orbiting the 6th magnitude Lambda Boötis star HR 8799. This planet has a mass between 5 and 10 Jupiter masses and a radius from 20 to 30% larger than Jupiter's. It orbits at 38 AU from HR 8799 with an unknown eccentricity and a period of 190 years; it is the 2nd planet discovered in the HR 8799 system. Along with two other planets orbiting HR 8799, this planet was discovered on November 13, 2008 by Marois et al., using the Keck and the Gemini observatories in Hawaii. These planets were discovered using the direct imaging technique.[1][2][3][4][5] In January 2010, HR 8799 c became the 3rd exoplanet to have a portion of its spectrum directly observed (following 2M1207b and 1RXS J1609b), confirming the feasibility of direct spectrographic studies of exoplanets.[6][7]

Spectra

Spectrum of planet around HR8799. Credit: ESO/M. Janson.
The spectrum of the planet HR 8799 c. The spectrum of the star and the planet was obtained with the NACO adaptive optics instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope.

Near infrared spectroscopy from 995 to 1769 nanometers made with the Palomar Obervatory show evidence of Ammonia, perhaps some Acetylene but neither Carbon Dioxide nor substantial Methane.[8] High resolution spectroscopy with the OSIRIS instrument on the Keck Observatory show numerous well resolved lines of molecular absorption in the planet's atmosphere in the K band. Although methane is absent, the planet's atmosphere contains both water and carbon monoxide; the carbon-to-oxygen ratio of HR 8799 c is higher than that of its star, suggesting that the planet formed through the core accretion process.[9][10]

Notes


See also

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

Template:Commons category-inline

Template:HR 8799 Template:Sky

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Marois2008
  2. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  3. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  4. ↑ Template:Cite news
  5. ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named spectrum
  7. ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ Alien planet’s atmosphere contains water and carbon monoxide
  10. ↑ Giant Alien Planet in Supersized Solar System May Solve Mystery
Retrieved from "https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Osmotic_coefficient&oldid=23272"