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| | Consuelo is what people call her and she [http://www.Completelyenjoys.com/ completely enjoys] this name. I am really fond of bottle tops gathering and I'll be beginning something else along with it. For years he's been operating as an information officer and his wage has been really satisfying. Hawaii is exactly where he's always been living and his parents reside nearby. She's not good at style but you may want to check her web site: http://margidalgleis.buzznet.com/user/journal/18639891/argument-about-nya-internet-svenska/<br><br> |
| {{Infobox German location
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| | name = Bad Kreuznach
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| | Art = Stadt
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| | image_photo = Kreuznach01.jpg
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| | image_coa = Wappen Bad Kreuznach-gross.svg
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| |Lageplan = Bad Kreuznach in KH.svg
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| | state = [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]
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| | regbzk =
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| | district = [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]]
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| |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07133006
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| | population = 43880
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| | population_as_of = 2006-12-31
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| | population_ref =
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| | area = 46.1
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| | elevation = 104-321
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| | lat_deg = 49 | lat_min = 51
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| | lon_deg = 7 | lon_min = 52
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| | postal_code = 55517-55545
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| | area_code = 0671, 06727
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| | licence = KH
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| | mayor = Heike Kaster-Meurer
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| |Partei = SPD
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| | website = [http://www.stadt-bad-kreuznach.de/ www.stadt-bad-kreuznach.de]
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| }}
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| {{Infobox Former Country
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| |native_name = ''Grafschaft Sponheim-Kreuznach''
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| |conventional_long_name = County of Sponheim-Kreuznach
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| |common_name = Bad Kreuznach
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| |continent = Europe
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| |region = Rhine basin
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| |country = Germany
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| |era = Middle Ages
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| |status = Vassal
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| |empire = Holy Roman Empire
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| |government_type = Principality
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| |year_start = 1227
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| |year_end = 1414
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| |event_pre = [[Gottfried III, Count of Sponheim|Gottfried III]] builds<br>{{spaces|4}}[[Kauzenburg]]
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| |date_pre = <br>1206–30
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| |event_start = Partitioned from<br>{{spaces|4}}[[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]]
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| |date_start =
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| |event_end = Comital line extinct;<br>{{spaces|4}}partitioned in three
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| |date_end =
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| |p1 = County of Sponheim
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| |image_p1 = [[File:Wappen Sponheim.png|20px|County of Sponheim]]
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| |s1 = County of Veldenz
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| |image_s1 = [[File:Wappen Grafschaft Veldenz.svg|20px|County of Veldenz]]
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| |s2 = Margraviate of Baden
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| |image_s2 = [[File:Coat of arms of Baden.svg|20px|Margraviate of Baden]]
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| |s3 = Palatinate-Simmern
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| |image_s3 = [[File:Wappen Kurpfalz.svg|20px|County Palatine of Simmern]]
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| |capital = <nowiki>Kreuznach</nowiki>
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| |footnotes = <!--- Accepts wikilinks --->
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| }}
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| ** THIS ARTICLE IS WRITTEN IN COMMONWEALTH SPELLING (CANADIAN VARIANT).**
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| '''Bad Kreuznach''' ({{IPA-de|baːt ˈkʁɔʏtsnax}}) is a town in the [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Bad Kreuznach]] [[Districts of Germany|district]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It does not lie within any ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', even though it is the seat of the [[Bad Kreuznach (Verbandsgemeinde)|like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'']]. Bad Kreuznach is a [[spa town]] and the seat of several [[court]]s as well as federal and state authorities. Bad Kreuznach is also officially a ''große kreisangehörige Stadt'' ("large town belonging to a district"), meaning that it does not have the district-level powers that [[District-free_city#Germany|''kreisfreie Städte'']] ("district-free towns/cities") enjoy.<ref>[http://www.bad-kreuznach.de/sv_bad_kreuznach/Politik%20und%20Verwaltung/ "Politik und Verwaltung"]</ref> It is, nonetheless, the district seat, and also the seat of the state chamber of commerce for Rhineland-Palatinate. It is classed as a [[Central place theory|middle centre]] with some functions of an upper centre, making it the administrative, cultural and economic hub of a region with more than 150,000 inhabitants. Moreover, the town and the [[Nahe (wine region)|surrounding areas]] are renowned both nationally and internationally for their [[wine]]s, especially from the [[Riesling]], [[Silvaner]] and [[Müller-Thurgau]] grape varieties. | |
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| ==Geography==
| | Feel free to visit my web blog; [http://margidalgleis.buzznet.com/user/journal/18639891/argument-about-nya-internet-svenska/ nya internet svenska casino] |
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| ===Location===
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| Bad Kreuznach lies between the [[Hunsrück]], [[Rhenish Hesse]] and the [[North Palatine Uplands]] some 14 km ([[as the crow flies]]) southsouthwest of [[Bingen am Rhein]]. It lies at the mouth of the Ellerbach where it empties into the lower [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]].
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| {{wide image|Panorama Kreuznach.jpg|1500px|Panoramic view from the Kauzenburg ([[castle]])}}
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| ===Neighbouring municipalities===
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| Clockwise from the north, Bad Kreuznach’s neighbours are the municipalities of [[Bretzenheim]], [[Langenlonsheim]], [[Gensingen]], [[Welgesheim]], [[Zotzenheim]], [[Sprendlingen]], [[Badenheim]] (these last five lying in the neighbouring [[Mainz-Bingen]] district), [[Biebelsheim]], [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]], [[Volxheim]], [[Hackenheim]], [[Frei-Laubersheim]] and [[Altenbamberg]], the town of [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]], and the municipalities of [[Traisen, Germany|Traisen]], [[Hüffelsheim]], [[Rüdesheim an der Nahe]], [[Roxheim]], [[Hargesheim]] and [[Guldental]].
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| ===Constituent communities===
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| Bad Kreuznach’s outlying ''Ortsbezirke'' or ''[[Ortsteil|Stadtteile]]'' are Bosenheim, Ippesheim, Planig and Winzenheim.
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| ===Climate===
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| [[File:KREUZNACH BAD nieder.svg|thumb|Precipitation chart for Bad Kreuznach]]
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| Yearly [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] in Bad Kreuznach amounts to 517 mm, which is very low, falling into the lowest third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 5% of the [[Deutscher Wetterdienst|German Weather Service’s]] [[weather station]]s are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is January. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.8 times what it is in January. Precipitation varies only slightly. At only 7% of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded.
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| {{Weather box
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| |open=
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| |metric first=yes
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| |single line=
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| |location= Bad Kreuznach
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| |temperature colour= pastel
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| |Jan mean C= 0.5
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| |Feb mean C= 1.9
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| |Mar mean C= 5.3
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| |Apr mean C= 9.1
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| |May mean C= 13.5
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| |Jun mean C= 16.7
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| |Jul mean C= 18.4
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| |Aug mean C= 17.8
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| |Sep mean C= 14.4
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| |Oct mean C= 9.7
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| |Nov mean C= 4.8
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| |Dec mean C= 2.0
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| |year mean C=
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| |precipitation colour= green
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| |Jan precipitation mm= 32.8
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| |Feb precipitation mm= 34.6
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| |Mar precipitation mm= 33.8
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| |Apr precipitation mm= 37.3
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| |May precipitation mm= 47.1
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| |Jun precipitation mm= 59.0
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| |Jul precipitation mm= 50.3
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| |Aug precipitation mm= 55.4
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| |Sep precipitation mm= 40.0
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| |Oct precipitation mm= 40.0
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| |Nov precipitation mm= 45.8
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| |Dec precipitation mm= 41.0
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| |year precipitation mm=
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| |Jand sun= 1.1
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| |Febd sun= 2.5
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| |Mard sun= 3.7
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| |Aprd sun= 5.2
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| |Mayd sun= 6.4
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| |Jund sun= 6.6
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| |Juld sun= 6.9
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| |Augd sun= 6.5
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| |Sepd sun= 5.0
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| |Octd sun= 3.1
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| |Novd sun= 1.6
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| |Decd sun= 1.1
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| |yeard sun=
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| |source 1= <ref>[http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop/?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__mittelwerte__node.html__nnn%3Dtrue Deutscher Wetterdienst: 1961–1990]</ref>
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| }}
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| ==History==
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| ===Antiquity===
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| As early as the 5th century BC, there is conclusive evidence that there was a [[Celts|Celtic]] settlement within what are now Bad Kreuznach’s town limits. About 58 BC, the area became part of the [[Roman Empire]] and a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[vicus]] came into being here, named, according to legend, after a Celt called Cruciniac, who transferred a part of his land to the Romans for them to build a supply station between [[Mainz]] ([[Mogontiacum]]) and [[Trier]] ([[History of Trier|Augusta Treverorum]]). Kreuznach lay on the [[Roman roads|Roman road]] that led from [[Metz]] (Divodurum) by way of the [[Saar (river)|Saar]] crossing near [[Dillingen, Saarland|Dillingen-Pachten]] (Contiomagus) and the Vicus Wareswald near [[Tholey]] to [[Bingen am Rhein]] (Bingium).<ref>It ran somewhat like this: Metz (Divodurum), Dillingen-Pachten, [[Lebach]], Wareswald near Tholey, [[Nohfelden|Wolfersweiler]], [[Heimbach (Nahe)]], [[Baumholder]], Winterhauch near [[Idar-Oberstein]]-Struth/Neuweg, [[Sien, Germany|Sien]] (Höhe), [[Schmidthachenbach]], [[Becherbach bei Kirn]], [[Hundsbach]], [[Bärweiler]], [[Bad Sobernheim]], [[Waldböckelheim]], [[Mandel, Germany|Mandel]], Bad Kreuznach, Bingen (Bingium); ''cf.'' Jos. H. Friedlich: ''Römisches Denkmal bei Schweinschied''. In: ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande.'' 4 (1844), S. 94–106, bes. 94; Ernst Schmidt (publisher); Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt: ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=IQ3gAAAAMAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA309 Forschungen über die Römerstrassen etc. im Rheinlande]''. In: ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande.'' Band 31 (1861), S. 1–220, bes. S. 170–197; Josef Hagen: ''Römerstrassen der Rheinprovinz.'' 2. Auflage. K. Schroeder, Bonn 1931, S. 390–398; Winfried Dotzauer: ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution.'' Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2001, S. 38, u. a. The "Alte Römerstraße" ("Old Roman Road") of the ''Pfälzerwald-Verein'' (hiking club) runs from [[Kirn]] to [[Meisenheim]] largely on the original alignment.</ref> About AD 250, an enormous (measuring 81 × 71 m), luxurious [[palace]], unique to the lands north of the [[Alps]], was built, in the style of a [[peristyle]] [[villa]]. It contained 50 rooms on the ground floor alone. [[Spolia]] found near the ''Heidenmauer'' ("Heathen Wall") have led to the conclusion that there were a [[Roman temple|temple]] to either [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] or both Mercury and [[Maia (mythology)|Maia]] and a [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] provincial [[Roman theatre (structure)|theatre]].<ref>''cf. Cruciniacum (?), Bad Kreuznach (Germania Superior)'' on the website "Theatrum" of the ''Direktion Landesarchäologie Mainz'' ([http://www.theatrum.de/169.html Online, in German]).</ref> According to an inscription and tile plates<!--for “Ziegelplatten”--> that were found in Bad Kreuznach, a [[vexillatio]] of the [[Legio XXII Primigenia]] was stationed there. In the course of measures to shore up the Imperial border against the [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] [[Alemanni]]c tribes who kept making incursions across the [[limes]] into the Empire, an [[Castra|auxiliary castrum]] was built in 370 under [[Roman emperor|Emperor]] [[Valentinian I]].
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| ===Middle Ages===
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| After [[Fall of the Western Roman Empire|Rome’s downfall]], Kreuznach became in the year 500 a royal estate and an imperial village in the newly growing [[Francia|Frankish Empire]]. Then, the town’s first [[church (building)|church]] was built within the old castrum’s walls, which was at first consecrated to [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]], but later to [[Saint Kilian]], and in 1590, it was torn down. According to an 822 document from [[Louis the Pious]], who was invoking an earlier document from [[Charlemagne]], about 741, Saint Martin’s Church in Kreuznach was supposedly donated to the [[Bishopric of Würzburg]] by his forebear [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman]].<ref>Urkunde vom 19. Dezember 823 (= 822); vgl. Königliches Staatsarchiv Stuttgart (Hrsg.): [http://www.archive.org/stream/wirtembergisches01wruoft#page/101/mode/1up ''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch.''] Bd. I, F. H. Köhler, Stuttgart 1849, S. 101; Bd. 3, Nachtrag 1. [http://www.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/stadtgeschichte/stichworte/e/ersterwaehnung/741_urkundentext/ Text und Übertragung der Urkunde Kaiser Ludwigs des Frommen von 822]; ''[http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/0822-12-19_2_0_1_1_0_1721_768 Regesta Imperii Online, Nr. 768]'' (abgerufen am 15. Mai 2013).</ref> According to this indirect note, Kreuznach once again had a documentary mention in the ''[[Royal Frankish Annals|Annales regni Francorum]]'' as Royal [[Kaiserpfalz|''Pfalz'']] (an imperial palace), where Louis the Pious stayed in 819 and 839. Kreuznach was mentioned in documents by Louis the Pious (in 823 as ''villa Cruciniacus''<ref>''Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch'', hrsg. von dem Königlichen Staatsarchiv in Stuttgart, Bd. I, F. H. Köhler, Stuttgart 1849, S. 101; Bd. 3, Nachtrag 1. Emendiert aus: „villa Truciniacus".</ref> and in 825 and 839 as ''Cruciniacum castrum'' or ''Cruciniacum palatium regium''), [[Louis the German]] (in 845 as ''villa Cruzinacha'' and in 868 as ''villa Cruciniacum''), [[Charles the Fat|Charles III, “the Fat”]] (in 882 as ''C[h]rucinachum'', ''Crutcinacha'', ''Crucenachum''), [[Arnulf of Carinthia]] (in 889), [[Henry the Fowler]] (in 923), [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (in 962 as ''Cruciniacus'') and [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (in 1179 as ''Cruczennach'').<ref>''cf.'' [http://regesten.regesta-imperii.de/ online search] in ''Regesta Imperii'' from the ''Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur'', Mainz (accessed 26 January 2012).</ref> On the other hand, the ''Crucinaha'' in [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Otto III’s]] documents from 1000 (which granted the rights to hold a yearly market and to strike coins)<ref>Heinrich Beyer (Hrsg.): ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=32HTAAAAMAAJ Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien].'' Bd. I, J. Hölscher, Koblenz 1860, S. 322 (Online-Ressource, accessed 26 January 2012); Johann Friedrich Böhmer (Begr.); Mathilde Uhlirz (Bearb.): ''Regesta Imperii.'' Bd II/3 ''Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Otto III.'' Böhlau, Wien u. a. 1956, S. 763.</ref> is today thought to refer to Christnach, an outlying centre of [[Waldbillig]], a town nowadays in [[Luxembourg]].<ref>Eberhard Link: ''Cruzenache – Kreuznach an der Nahe oder Christnach in Luxemburg?'' In: ''Geldgeschichtliche Nachrichten.'' 11 (1976), Nr. 51, S. 7–12.</ref> In [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] and early modern [[Latin]] sources, Kreuznach is named not only as ''Crucenacum'', ''Crucin[i]acum'' (adjective ''Crucenacensis'', ''Crucin[i]acensis'') and the like, but also as ''Stauronesus, Stauronesum'' (adjective ''Staurone[n]s[i]us''; from σταυρός "cross" and νῆσος "island"<ref>The name ending ''—ach'' might be from the [[Middle High German]] ''ouwe'' ([[German language|Modern High German]] ''Aue'', meaning "floodplain", "riverside flat"), which is akin, and here taken to mean "island", see the de:WP article [[:de:Ache|Ache]]. The poem ''Die Gründung Kreuznach’s'' by [[:de:Gustav Pfarrius:Gustav Pfarrius]] plays on a corresponding founding legend: ''“Und mitten auf der Insel / Stand hoch ein Kreuz von Stein … Und eine Stadt erhob sich … Vom nahen Kreuz der Insel / Ward Kreuznach sie genannt”''; ''cf.'': ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=JIMuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA164 Das Nahethal in Liedern].'' Ludwig Kohnen, Köln/ Aachen 1838, S. 164–166.</ref>) or ''Naviculacrucis'' (from ''navicula'', a kind of small boat used on inland waterways, called a ''Nachen'' in German, and ''crux'' "cross"). Sometimes also encountered is the abbreviation ''Xnach'' (often with a [[Fraktur]] X, with a cross-stroke: <math>\mathfrak{X} </math>). About 1017, [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor]] enfeoffed his wife [[Cunigunde of Luxembourg|Cunigunde’s]] grandnephew Count Eberhard V of Nellenburg with the noble estate of Kreuznach and the [[Villa]] [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim|Schwabenheim]] belonging thereto. After his death, [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|King Henry IV]] supposedly donated the settlement of Kreuznach to the [[Hochstift|High Foundation]] of [[Bishopric of Speyer|Speyer]] in 1065,<ref>Document in the ''Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz'', possibly a forgery from 12th/13th century. In 1101 Kreuznach was named as being among the Speyer Cathedral Chapter’s holdings as [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III’s]] donation; ''cf.'' Heinrich Büttner: ''Die Anfänge der Stadt Kreuznach und die Grafen von Sponheim''. In: ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins.'' 100/NF 61 (1952), S. 433–444.</ref> who then transferred it shortly after 1105 – presumably as a [[fief]] – to the [[County of Sponheim|Counts of Sponheim]]. On [[Epiphany (holiday)|Epiphany]] 1147, it is said that [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] performed a miraculous healing at [[Saint Kilian]]’s Church. In 1183, half of the old Frankish village of Kreuznach at the former Roman castrum – the ''Osterburg'' – burnt down. Afterwards, of the 21 families there, 11 moved to what is now the Old Town (''Altstadt''). In the years 1206 to 1230, Counts Gottfried III of Sponheim (d. 1218) and Johann I of Sponheim (d. 1266) had the [[castle]] Kauzenburg built, even though King [[Philip of Swabia]] had forbidden them to do so. Along with the building of this castle came the rise of the New Town (''Neustadt'') on the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe’s]] north bank. In the years 1235 and 1270, Kreuznach was granted town rights, market rights, taxation rights and tolling rights under the rule of the comital [[County of Sponheim|House of Sponheim]], which were acknowledged once again in 1290 by [[Rudolph I of Germany|King Rudolf I of Habsburg]] (1218–1291). In 1279, in the Battle of [[Sprendlingen]], the legend of Michel Mort arose. He is a local legendary hero, a butcher from Kreuznach who fought on the Sponheim side in the battle against the troops of the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishop of Mainz]]. When Count Johann I of Sponheim found himself in difficulties, Michel Mort drew the enemy’s lances upon himself, sparing the Count by bringing about his own death. Early knowledge of the town of Kreuznach is documented in one line of a song by the minstrel [[Tannhäuser]] from the 13th century, which is preserved in handwriting by [[Hans Sachs]]: ''“vur creűczenach rint aűch die na”''.<ref>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Mgq 414 (b), Blätter 349v–351r).</ref> In Modern German, this would be "''Vor Kreuznach rinnt auch die Nahe''" ("Before Kreuznach, the Nahe also runs"). Records witness [[Jew]]ish settlement in Kreuznach beginning in the late 13th century, while for a short time in the early 14th century, [[Northern Italy|North Italian]] traders ([[Lombard banking|“Lombards”]]) lived in town.<ref>''cf.'' Martin Uhrmacher: ''Freiheitsprivilegien und gefreite Orte in den Grafschaften Sponheim''. In: Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch 37 (1997), S. 77-120, bes. S. 99f ([http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a138464.pdf Online]).</ref> In the 13th century, Kreuznach was a fortified town and in 1320 it withstood a [[siege]] by [[Archbishop of Trier]] [[Baldwin of Luxembourg]] (about 1270–1336). In 1361, [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1316–1378) granted Count Walram I of Sponheim (about 1305–1380) a yearly market privilege for Kreuznach. In 1375, the townsfolk rose up against the town council. Count Walram’s response was to have four of the uprising’s leaders [[Decapitation|beheaded]] at the marketplace. Through its long time as Kreuznach’s lordly family, the [[County of Sponheim|House of Sponheim]] had seven heads:
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| * Simon I (1223–1264)
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| * John I (1265–1290)
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| * John II (1290–1340) and Simon II (1290–1336)
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| * Walram (1336–1380)
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| * Simon III (1380–1414)
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| * Elisabeth (1414–1417)
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| In 1417, however, the "Further" line of the House of Sponheim died out when Countess Elisabeth of Sponheim-Kreuznach (1365–1417) died. In her [[Will and testament|will]], she divided the county between [[Electoral Palatinate]] and the County of Sponheim-Starkenburg, bequeathing to them one fifth and four fifths respectively. In 1418, [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|King Sigismund of Luxembourg]] (1368–1437) enfeoffed Count Johann V of Sponheim-Starkenburg (about 1359–1437) with the yearly market, the [[mint (coin)|mint]], the Jews at Kreuznach and the [[Geleitrecht|right of escort]] as far as [[Gensingen]] on the [[Trier]]-[[Mainz]] highway. In 1437, the lordship over Kreuznach was divided up between the [[County of Veldenz|Counts of Veldenz]], the [[Margraviate of Baden|Margraves of Baden]] and [[House of Palatinate-Simmern|Palatinate-Simmern]]. In 1457, at a time when a children’s crusade movement was on the rise, 120 children left Kreuznach on their way to [[Mont-Saint-Michel]] by way of [[Wissembourg]].<ref>''cf.'' Conrad Hofmann (publisher): ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=oggRAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA145 Eikhart Artzt's Chronik von Weissenburg]''. In: ''Quellen und Erörterungen zur bayerischen und deutschen Geschichte.'' 2 (1862), S. 142–208, bes. S. 147f; Ulrich Gäbler: ''Die Kinderwallfahrten aus Deutschland und der Schweiz zum Mont-Saint-Michel 1456–1459''. In: ''Zeitschrift für schweizerische Kirchengeschichte.'' 63 (1969), S. 221–331.</ref> In 1475, [[Electoral Palatinate]] issued a comprehensive police act for the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Kreuznach, in which at this time, no [[Margraviate of Baden|Badish]] ''[[Amtmann]]'' resided. [[Philip, Elector Palatine|Elector Palatine Philip the Upright]] (1448–1508) and [[John I, Count Palatine of Simmern|Duke Johann I of Palatinate-Simmern]] (1459–1509) granted the town leave to hold a second yearly market in 1490. In that same year, Elector Palatine Philip bestowed ownership of the ''saltz- und badbronnen'' ("salty and bathing [[Spring (hydrology)|springs]]") upon his cooks Conrad Brunn and Matthes von Nevendorf. The briny springs were likely discovered in 1478; nevertheless a ''Sulzer Hof'' in what is today called the Salinental ("Saltworks Dale") had already been mentioned in the 13th or 14th century. On 24 August 1495,<ref>''cf.'' Franz Joseph Mone: ''Stadtordnung von Kreuznach 1495. 3. Okt. 1495''.In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 18 (1865), S. 250-256, bes. S. 250; according to Trithemius 1496.</ref> there was another uprising of the townsfolk, but this one was directed at Kreuznach’s Palatine ''Amtmann'', Albrecht V Göler von Ravensburg (1444–1503), who had refused to release a prisoner against the posting of a bond. Nobody was beheaded this time, but Elector Palatine Philip did have a few of the leaders [[Mutilation#Mutilation as human punishment|maimed]], and then put into force a new town order.<ref>''ibid''.</ref>
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| ====Town fortifications====
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| The town wall, first mentioned in 1247,<ref>''cf.'' Karl Geib: ''[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/pageview/503218 Die Entwicklung des mittelalterlichen Städtebildes von Kreuznach]''. In: Otto Lutsch (publisher): ''Festschrift zur Jahrhundertfeier des Gymnasiums und Realgymnasiums zu Kreuznach (1819–1919).'' Robert Voigtländer, Kreuznach 1920, S. 49–65 und Anhang S. 1–19 (Online-Ressource, accessed 23 December 2011).</ref> had a footprint that formed roughly a square in the Old Town, and was set back a few metres from what are today the streets Wilhelmstraße, Salinenstraße and Schloßstraße, with the fourth side skirting the millpond. Serving as town gates were, in the north, the ''Kilianstor'' or the ''Mühlentor'' ("[[Saint Kilian]]’s Gate" or "Mill Gate"; torn down in 1877), in the southeast the ''Hackenheimer Tor'' (later the ''Mannheimer Tor''; torn down in 1860) and in the south the ''St.-Peter-Pförtchen'', which lay at the end of Rossstraße, and which for security was often walled up. In the New Town, the town wall ran from the ''Butterfass'' ("Butterchurn"; later serving as the [[prison]] tower) on the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] riverbank up to the intersection of Wilhelmstraße and Brückes on ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 48, where to the northwest the ''Löhrpforte'' (also called the ''Lehrtor'' or the ''Binger Tor''; torn down about 1837) was found. It then ran in a bow between Hofgartenstraße and Hochstraße to the ''Rüdesheimer Tor'' in the southwest at the beginning of Gerbergasse, whose course it then followed down to the Ellerbach and along the Nahe as a riverbank wall. Along this section, the town wall contained the ''Fischerpforte'' or ''Ellerpforte'' as a [[watergate (architecture)|watergate]] and in the south the ''Große Pforte'' ("Great Gate") at the bridge across the Nahe. Belonging to the fortified complex of the Kauzenburg across the Ellerbach from the New Town were the ''Klappertor'' and a narrow, defensive [[ward (fortification)|ward]] ([[Ward (fortification)#Holy Roman Empire|''Zwinger'']]), from which the street known as "Zwingel" gets its name. On the bridge over to the [[ait]] (or the ''Wörth'' as it is called locally; the river island between the two parts of town) stood the ''Brückentor'' ("Bridge Gate"). To defend the town there was, besides the castle’s [[Burgmann]]en, also a kind of townsmen’s defence force or shooting guild (somewhat like a town [[militia]]). Preserved as an [[incunable]] print from 1487, printed in [[Mainz]] by [[Peter Schöffer]] (about 1425–1503), is an invitation from the mayor and town council to any and all who considered themselves good marksmen with the [[crossbow]] to come to a shooting contest on 23 September.<ref>[[Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke]], M16454; Facsimile from Ernst Freys (publisher): ''Gedruckte Schützenbriefe des 15. Jahrhunderts''. accurate reproduction. Kuhn, Munich 1912, Plate XVII, according to the copy of the Strasbourg city archive. ''cf.'' also Leonhard Flechsel: ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=_n06AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA35 Gereimte Beschreibung des Frey- und Herren-Schiessens mit der Armbrust und einem Glückshafen].'' kept at Worms in 1575. Adam Konrad Boeninger, Worms 1862, S. 35–37 and 39 (3 participants from Kreuznach; Cod. Pal. germ. 405, pages 1-57).</ref>
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| ====Jewish population====
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| On 31 March 1283 (2 [[Nisan]] 5043) in Kreuznach (קרוצנכא), [[Rabbi]] Ephraim bar Elieser ha-Levi – apparently as a result of a judicial sentence – was [[Breaking wheel|broken on the wheel]].<ref>''cf.'' Siegmund Salfeld: ''Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches'' (Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland 3), Simion, Berlin 1898, p. 4: „בקרויצנאך נאפן ר׳ אפרים בר אליעזר הלוי" and pp. 99, 144 and 276.</ref> The execution was likely linked to the Mainz [[blood libel]] accusations, which in March and April 1283 also led to [[pogrom]]s in [[Mellrichstadt]], [[Mainz]], [[Bacharach]] and [[Rockenhausen]]. In 1311, Aaron Judeus de Crucenaco (the last three words mean "the [[Jew]] from Kreuznach") was mentioned, as was a Jewish toll gatherer from [[Bingen am Rhein]] named Abraham von Kreuznach in 1328, 1342 and 1343. In 1336, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Louis the Bavarian]] allowed Count Johann II of Sponheim-Kreuznach to permanently keep 60 house-owning freed Jews at Kreuznach or elsewhere on his lands ("''… daß er zu Creützenach oder anderstwoh in seinen landen 60 haußgesäsß gefreyter juden ewiglich halten möge …''").<ref>''cf.'' transcription about 1338 in Würzburg city archive (Mainzer Urkunden, 6206 (=KLS 616)).</ref> After further persecution in the time of the [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] in 1348/1349,<ref>''cf.'' S. Salfeld: ''l. c.'', p. 281.</ref> there is no further evidence of Jews in Kreuznach until 1375. By 1382 at the latest, the Jew Gottschalk (who died sometime between 1409 and 1421)<ref>''cf.'' Alex Lewin: ''Gotschalk von Kreuznach''. In: Kreuznacher Heimatblätter 10 (1930), Nr. 3; ders.: ''Die Gotschalke von Bacharach und Kreuznach. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte d. Juden in Frankfurt um d. J. 1400''. In: Gemeindeblatt der Israelitischen Gemeinde Frankfurt 11/11 (1933), S. 279f; 12/1 (1933), S. 13 ([http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2007/38011/original/Gemeindeblatt_1933_11.pdf Online, PDF; 7,2 MB] und [http://edocs.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2007/38011/original/Gemeindeblatt_1933_01.pdf Online, PDF; 7,7 MB], accessed 26 June 2013).</ref> from [[Katzenellenbogen]] was living in Kreuznach and owned the house at the corner of Lämmergasse and Mannheimerstraße 12 (later: Löwensteiner Hof) near the ''Eiermarkt'' ("Egg Market"). On a false charge of [[usury]], Count Simon III of Sponheim (after 1330–1414) had him thrown in prison and only released him after payment of a hefty ransom. He was afterwards taken into [[Schutzjude|protection]] by [[Rupert, King of Germany|Ruprecht III of the Palatinate]] (1352–1410) against a yearly payment of 10 [[Rhenish guilder]]s. At Gottschalk’s suggestion, Archbishop Johann of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (about 1360–1419) lifted the "[[Leibzoll|dice toll]]" for Jews crossing the border into the [[Electorate of Mainz|Archbishopric of Mainz]]. The special taxes for Jews ordered in 1418 and 1434 by [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|King Sigismund of Luxembourg]] were also imposed in Kreuznach.<ref>''cf.'' Ludwigsburg town archive, outlying location of Hohenlohe-Zentralarchiv Neuenstein (Bestand Archiv der Herrschaft Weinsberg mit dem Nachlass des Reichserbkämmerers Konrad von Weinsberg, GA 15 Schubl. E, Nr. 58/2 und Nr. 59/5).</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]], the eastern part of today’s Poststraße in the New Town was the ''Judengasse'' ("Jews’ Lane"). The ''Kleine Judengasse'' ran from the ''Judengasse'' to what is today called Magister-Faust-Gasse.<ref>''cf.'' Edgar Mais: ''Die Verfolgung der Juden in den Landkreisen Bad Kreuznach und Birkenfeld 1933-1945'' (Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Landkreises Bad Kreuznach 24), Kreisverwaltung, Bad Kreuznach 1988, S. I.</ref> In 1482, a "Jewish school" was mentioned, which might already have stood at Fährgasse 2 (lane formerly known as ''Kleine Eselsgass'' – "Little Ass’s Lane"), where the Old Synagogue of Bad Kreuznach later stood (first mentioned here in 1715; new [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building in 1737; renovated in 1844; destroyed in 1938; torn down in 1953/1954; last wall remnant removed in 1975). In 1525, [[Louis V, Elector Palatine]] (1478–1544) allowed Meïr Levi<ref>''cf.'' Volker Zimmermann: ''Der Traktat über „daz lebendig wasser“ aus der Heidelberger Handschrift Cod. Pal. Germ 786 – „Des Juden buch von kreuczenach“''. In: Fachprosaforschung – Grenzüberschreitungen, 4/5 (2008/2009), S. 113-123; Eva Shenia Shemyakova: ''[http://ediss.uni-goettingen.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B1E7-7/shemyakova.pdf Des Juden buch von kreuczenach]. Ein Beitrag zur jüdischen Medizin des Mittelalters'', diss. med. Göttingen 2010, bes. S. 42 (PDF; 690,2 KB).</ref> to settle for, at first, twelve years in Kreuznach, to organize the [[money market]] there, to receive visits, to lay out his own burial plot and to deal in medicines. In the earlier half of the 16th century, his son, the physician Isaak Levi, whose collection of medical works became well known as ''Des Juden buch von kreuczenach'' ("The Jew’s Book of/from Kreuznach"), lived in Kreuznach. The work is preserved in a manuscript transcribed personally by Louis V, Elector Palatine.<ref>''cf.'' [[Heidelberg University]] Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 786; vgl. Cod. Pal. Germ. 241); Peter Assion: ''Jude von Kreuznach''. In: Wolfgang Stammler, Karl Langosch (publisher): ''Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon'', Bd. IV, de Gruyter, [[Berlin]], [[New York]], 2. Aufl. 1983, Sp. 887f.</ref> The oldest Jewish graveyard in Kreuznach lay in the area of today’s ''Rittergut Bangert'' (knightly estate), having been mentioned in 1525 and 1636.<ref>''cf.'' Jörg Julius Reisek: ''[http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/index.php?id=10359 Der alte „Juden Kirchoff“ am Kreuznacher Schlossberg]'' (accessed on 27 June 2013).</ref> The Jewish graveyard on Stromberger Straße was bought in 1661 (one preserved gravestone, however, dates from 1630) and expanded in 1919. It is said to be one of the best preserved in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The Jewish family Creizenach, originally from Kreuznach, is known from records to have been in [[Mainz]] and [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] from 1733, and to have produced a number of important academics ([[Michael Creizenach]], [[Theodor Creizenach]], [[Wilhelm Creizenach]]).<ref>''cf.'' Wolfgang Klötzer: ''Frankfurter Biographie'', Bd. I. ''A-L'' (publication of the ''Frankfurter Historischen Kommission'' XIX/1), Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, 1994, S. 140.</ref> The [[Yiddish]] name for Kreuznach was צלם־מקום (abbreviated צ״מ), variously rendered in [[Latin script]] as ''Zelem-Mochum'' or ''Celemochum'' (with the initial Z or C intended to [[Transliteration|transliterate]] the letter "צ", as they would be pronounced /ts/ in [[German language|German]]), which literally meant "Image Place", for pious Jews wished to avoid the term ''Kreuz'' ("cross").<ref>Similarly, Zelem was the Yiddish name for [[Deutschkreutz]]; the coin called the [[Kreuzer]] was called the צלמר ("Zalmer") in Yiddish.</ref> In 1828, 425 of the 7,896 inhabitants of the ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") of Kreuznach (5.4%) adhered to the [[Judaism|Jewish faith]], as did 611 of the town’s 18,143 inhabitants (3.4%) in 1890.
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| ====Monasteries====
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| Before the [[Thirty Years' War]], Kreuznach had some 8,000 inhabitants and seven monasteries. In the [[Middle Ages]] and early modern times, the following monasteries were mentioned:<ref>''cf.'' Stephan Alexander Würdtwein: ''Monasticon Palatinum'' Bd. V, Cordon, Mannheim 1796, drin bes. S. 311ff (at [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10618889_00317.html Kloster St. Peter]), S. 345–353 (at „[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10618889_00351.html Bubenkapelle]", S. 354f (at [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10618889_00360.html Karmeliterkloster]), S. 355–360 (at [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10618889_00361.html Kloster St. Wolfgang]) (Online-Ressource, accessed 21 December 2011); E. Schmidt: ''Geschichtliche Notizen über die früheren Kirchen und Klöster in Kreuznach''. In: ''Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.'' 28/29 (1876), S. 242–259.</ref>
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| * [[Marian devotions|Saint Mary’s]] Monastery (St. Marien-Kloster; monastery’s nature legendary) or Saint Mary’s Church (''St. Marien-Kirche'') on the ait, supposedly endowed by King [[Dagobert I]] (d. 639) on the site where [[Paul the Apostle|Paul’s]] [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Church (building)|Church]] (''Pauluskirche'') now stands.
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| * [[Saint Kilian]]’s Monastery (''Kloster St. Kilian''; old parish church; monastery’s nature unclear), in the ''Osterburg'' (old [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Castra|castrum]], [[Charlemagne]]’s palace) on the ''Heidenmauer'' ("Heathen Wall") built on the site of the [[Constantine the Great|Constantinian]] [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin’s]] Church (''St. Martins-Kirche''), first mentioned about 741 and destroyed by the [[Normans]] about 891,<ref>''cf.'' Ernst Schmidt: ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=zVsGAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA66 Ueber die auf dem Terrain des römischen Kastells bei Kreuznach, die Heidenmauer genannt, von October 1858 bis November 1866 stattgefundenen Ausgrabungen]''. In: ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande.'' Bände 47/48 (1869), S. 66–113. According to another theory, Saint Martin’s stood where the St. Martin vineyards now lie, on Brückes, and St. Kilian’s was moved there.</ref> tied with a hospital in 1310; in the 14th century there was a [[Beguines and Beghards|Beguine]] cell with prayer house; the monastery was torn down about 1590. The patrocinia of Saint Martin and Saint Kilian were then added to Saint Mary’s Church on the ait.
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| * [[Order of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] convent of [[Saint Peter]], endowed by Rhinegrave Wolfram I (III) of Stein (d. about 1179) about 1140,<ref>About him and the family zum Stein’s beginnings ''cf.'' Brigitte Flug: ''Äussere Bindung und innere Ordnung. Das Altmünsterkloster in Mainz in seiner Geschichte und Verfassung von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts.'' Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-515-08241-7, S. 110–113.</ref> incorporated into the [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim|Schwabenheim]] Augustinian monastery in 1437, moved to the so-called ''Bubenkapelle'' ("Lads’ [[Chapel]]") in 1491, reoccupied in 1495, dissolved in 1566/1568; the 15 nuns who were driven out went to [[Eibingen Abbey]]. In 1624, an attempt to reoccupy the complex by Augustinian monks failed; [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] settled there in 1636 and in 1648 they were granted it by agreement, today ''Oranienhof''. The [[Pietà]] from Saint Peter, for whose reverence a forty-day [[indulgence]] was secured from [[Pope Alexander VI]] in 1502, was kept until its destruction in 1942 at [[Saint Quentin]]’s Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche St. Quintin'') in [[Mainz]].
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| * [[Carmelites|Carmelite]] Monastery to [[Saint Nicholas]], so-called ''Schwarz-Kloster'' ("Black Monastery"), endowed in 1281 by the comital [[County of Sponheim|House of Sponheim]], confirmed in 1290 by Archbishop Gerhard II of Eppstein of Mainz (about 1230–1305), dissolved in 1802.
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| * [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony’s]] and [[Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine’s]] [[Chapel]] (''St. Antonius-und-St.-Katharinen-Kapelle''; also called the ''Bubenkapelle'') on the way into Mühlengasse ("Mill Lane"), which belonged to the Schwabenheim Augustinian monastery; it was here, right inside the town, that Count Walram of Sponheim (about 1305–1380) moved the [[Beguines and Beghards|Beguine]] cell from Saint Kilian’s, given up in 1437; reoccupied by Augustinian nuns from 1491 to 1495, then moved to Saint Peter’s.
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| * [[Wolfgang of Regensburg|Saint Wolfgang’s]] [[Franciscan]] Monastery (''Franziskanerkloster St. Wolfgang''), endowed in 1472 by [[Frederick I, Elector Palatine]] (1425–1476) and [[Frederick I, Count Palatine of Simmern]] (1417–1480), confirmed by [[Pope Sixtus IV]] (1414–1484), dissolved in 1802, now the ''Gymnasium an der Stadtmauer'' ("[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] on the Town Wall").
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| * Saint Vincent’s Monastery, location unclear, existed in the [[Thirty Years' War]] and later.
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| * [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] occupation about 1623, 1625 to 1632 and 1636 to 1652 in the quire of the Ait Church (''Wörthkirche''), later called the Bridge Church (''Brückenkirche'') and now Paul’s Church (''Pauluskirche''), received in 1631 from [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1578–1637) [[Saint Peter]]’s and took ownership in 1636. In Kreuznach, the study prefect<!--for “Studienpräfekt”--> Johann Engelbert Oliverius (1588–1631) worked and died.<ref>Also called Jean Englebert Olivier from Luxembourg, publisher of Giovanni Domenico Candela: ''De bono status virginitatis et continentiae libri tres'', Mainz: Peter Henning 1613; ''cf.'' Abraham Jacob van der Aa: ''Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden'', Bd. XIV, Haarlem: Jacobus Johannes van Brederode 1867, S. 83f.</ref>
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| ====Plague and leprosy====
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| The [[Plague (disease)|Plague]] threatened Kreuznach several times throughout its history. Great epidemics are recorded as having broken out in 1348/1349 ([[Johannes Trithemius]] spoke of 1,600 victims), 1364, 1501/1502, 1608, 1635 (beginning in September) and 1666 (reportedly 1,300 victims). During the 1501 epidemic, the [[Humanism|humanist]] and Palatine prince-raiser Adam Werner von Themar (1462–1537), one of Abbot Trithemius’s friends, wrote a poem in Kreuznach about the plague saint, [[Saint Sebastian|Sebastian]].<ref>''cf.'' Karl Hartfelder: ''[http://archive.org/stream/Zgo33-34#page/n85/mode/1up Werner von Themar, ein Heidelberger Humanist]''. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 33 (1880), S. 1-101 (accessed 15 May 2013).</ref> Outside the town, a [[Leper colony|sickhouse]] for [[Leprosy|lepers]], the so-called ''Gutleuthof'', was founded on the Gräfenbach down from the village of [[Hargesheim]] and had its first documentary mention in 1487.
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| ===Modern times===
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| In the [[War of the Succession of Landshut]] against [[Philip, Elector Palatine|Philip, Elector Palatine of the Rhine]] (1448–1508), both the town and the [[castle]] were unsuccessfully be[[siege]]d for six days by [[Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|Duke Alexander of Zweibrücken]] (1462–1514) and [[William I, Landgrave of Lower Hesse|Landgrave William I of Hesse]] (1499–1515), who then laid the surrounding countryside waste. The [[County of Sponheim|Sponheim]] abbot [[Johannes Trithemius]] (1462–1516) had brought the monasterial belongings, the [[library]] and the [[archive]] to safety in Kreuznach. The besieged town was relieved by the [[Electoral Palatinate]] Captain Hans III, ''Landschad'' of Steinach (1465–1531).<ref>''cf.'' Johannes Schneider: Steinach, Hans Landschad von. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, S. 670–675.</ref> In 1507, Master [[Johann Georg Faust|Faust]] assumed the rector’s post at the Kreuznach [[Latin school]], which had been secured for him by [[Franz von Sickingen]]. On the grounds of allegations of [[fornication]], he fled the town only a short time afterwards, as witnessed by a letter<ref>[http://www.kerber-net.de/literatur/deutsch/drama/goethe/faust/faustrib.htm Letter from Trithemius to Virdung]</ref> from [[Johannes Trithemius]] to [[Johannes Virdung]], in which Virdung was warned about Faust. [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1459–1519), who spent [[Whitsun]] 1508 in [[Boppard]], stayed in Kreuznach in June 1508 and wrote from there to his daughter [[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy]] (1480–1530).<ref>Letter from 13 June 1508 from "Crewtznach"; ''cf.'' Hector Bossange: ''Catalogue de la riche bibliothèque de Rosny.'' Huzard, Paris about 1837, p. 222 (no. 2478).</ref> In 1557, the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] was introduced into Kreuznach. According to the 1601 ''Verzeichnis aller Herrlich- und Gerechtigkeiten der Stätt und Dörffer der vorderen Grafschaft Sponheim im Ampt Creutznach'' ("Directory of All Lordships and Justices of the Towns and Villages of the Further [[County of Sponheim]] in the ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' of Kreuznach"), compiled by the [[Electoral Palatinate]] ''Ober[[amtmann]]'' Johann von Eltz-Blieskastel-Wecklingen (1553–1610),<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (Bestand A.1 33/2435); Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Bestand C2 Salbücher, 510/1).</ref> the town had 807 estates and was the seat of a ''Hofgericht'' (lordly court) to which the "free villages" of [[Waldböckelheim]], [[Wöllstein]], [[Volxheim]], [[Braunweiler]], [[Mandel, Germany|Mandel]] and [[Roxheim]], which were thus freed from the toll at Kreuznach, had to send ''Schöffen'' (roughly "lay jurists").
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| ====Thirty Years’ War====
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| During the [[Thirty Years' War]], Kreuznach was overrun and captured many times by various factions fighting in that war:
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|10 September|1620|31 August 1620}}, Kreuznach was taken by General [[Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases|Marquis Ambrogio Spinola’s]] (1569–1630) [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]]-[[Spain|Spanish]] troops under Wilhelm Ferdinand von Effern (d. about 1628). [[Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau]] (1578–1648) travelled in 1621 to Spinola in Kreuznach to solicit the sparing of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg. Serving as Governors General of the Lower Palatinate in Kreuznach were Don Guillermo (Guilelmo, Wilhelm, or in [[English language|English]] William) de Verdugo di Fauleria (1578–1629),<ref>''cf.'' Wilhelm Staden: ''Trophaea Verdugiana pace et bello'', Johannes Kinckius, Köln 1630. Verdugo died in Kreuznach of the consequences of a fall in 1626 at the siege of [[Rheinfels Castle]].</ref> Baron at Böhmisch-Mascha and Tuppau, Don Felipe de Sylva (d. 1644)<ref>Capitulated in 1631 in [[Mainz]], later Viceroy of Catalonia. A grave inscription still known but now lost at the [[Franciscan]] Monastery from 1626 referred to somebody else.</ref> and Louis de la Tour.
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|1 March|1632|20 February 1632}}, Kreuznach was taken by [[Sweden|Swedish]], [[Saxe-Weimar]] and [[England|English]] troops under [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|King Gustav II Adolf]] (1594–1632); the [[castle]] capitulated on {{OldStyleDateDY|4 March|1632|23 February 1632}}). Lord [[William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697)]] and Sir [[Francis Fane (royalist)|Francis Fane]] of Fulbeck (about 1611–1681?) were both seriously wounded at the conquest of the castle. Serving as commanders were the [[Scotland|Scots]] Colonel Alexander Ramsay (d. 1634) and Lieutenant Colonel (later General and Field Marshal) [[Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge|Robert Douglas]] (1611–1662, raised to Count in 1654). Julius Wilhelm Zincgref (1591–1635) was installed in 1632 as the Kreuznach state scrivener by the allied [[Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern|Ludwig Philipp of Palatinate-Simmern]].
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| * On 14 July 1635, [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]] troops briefly thrust their way into Kreuznach, but were repulsed by the occupation at the castle.
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|6 August|1635|27 July 1635}}, Saxe-Weimar and [[France|French]] troops under Duke [[Bernard of Saxe-Weimar]] (1604–1639) and [[Louis de Nogaret de La Valette|Louis de Nogaret Cardinal de La Valette]] (1593–1639), together with the Swedes passed through Kreuznach, later passing through once again on {{OldStyleDateDY|19 September|1635|9 September 1635}} as they retreated. Kreuznach’s last "Swedish" commander was Colonel Johann Georg Stauff (1603–1683; raised to nobility in 1661) from [[Dirmstein]].
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| * On 20 December 1635, Kreuznach was taken by Imperial-Spanish and Imperial-[[Croatia]]n troops under General [[Matthias Gallas]] (1588–1647). The castle was still held by the Swedes until May 1636 under an [[armistice]] upon which both Colonel Stauff and [[Margraviate of Baden|Badish]] Lieutenant Colonel Bernhard Studnitzky von Beneschau (Studnický z Benešova) agreed on {{OldStyleDateDY|9 January|1636|30 December 1635}}. Stationed in the town were regiments headed by [[William, Margrave of Baden-Baden]]. As neutral ground, Kreuznach was placed under joint Badish and Palatinate-Simmern rule.
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| [[File:Merian Kreuznach.jpg|thumb|View of Kreuznach in the Thirty Years’ War]]
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|21 November|1639|11 November 1639}}, Kreuznach was taken by French and Saxe-Weimar troops under [[Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville]] (1595–1663), after town commander Braun von Schmidtburg zu Schweich had [[Turncoat|gone over]] to them.
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|27 May|1641|17 May 1641}} began a siege of Kreuznach by Imperial-[[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavarian]] and Imperial-Spanish troops under the ''Schillerhaas'', ''[[Generalfeldwachtmeister]]'' Gilles de Haes (1597–1657) after an attack in March 1641 had already been fended off. The town capitulated on {{OldStyleDateDY|6 June|1641|27 May 1641}}, while the fortress held out until {{OldStyleDateDY|12 June|1641|2 June 1641}}.
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| * On {{OldStyleDateDY|4 November|1644|25 October 1644}}, Kreuznach was taken by French troops under [[Marshal of France]] [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne]] (1611–1675) (the castle was held by the Bavarians until {{OldStyleDateDY|26 December|1644|16 December 1644}}) and transferred by ''[[Maréchal de camp]]'' Guy de Bar (1605–1695) to Palatinate-Simmern.
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| The town was thus heavily drawn into hardship and woe, and the population dwindled from some 8,000 at the war’s outbreak to roughly 3,500. The expression ''“Er ist zu Kreuznach geboren”'' ("He was born at Kreuznach") became a byword in [[German language|German]] for somebody who had to struggle with a great deal of hardship.<ref>Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander: ''Deutsches Sprichwörterlexikon.'' Bd. II, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1870, Sp. 1615.</ref> On 19 August 1663, the town was stricken by an extraordinarily high [[flood]] on the river [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]].<ref>''cf.'' das Tagebuch von Oberschultheiß Johann Jakob Kneupel (d. 1667): ''Diarium Crucinacense''; Abschrift von 1744 im General-Landesarchiv Karlsruhe (Sammlung Kremer-Lamey, 124 C 2); ''cf.'' Rudolf Buttmann (publisher): ''Johann Jakob Kneupels Tagebuch''. In: Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter 6 (1902), S. 5f, 9-11, 13f, 17f, 21f, 29-31, 33f, 37-39 und 41f.</ref>
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| ====Nine Years’ War====
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| In the [[Nine Years' War]] (known in Germany as the ''Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg'', or War of the Palatine Succession), the Kauzenburg ([[castle]]) was conquered on 5 October 1688 by Marshal [[Louis François, duc de Boufflers]] (1644–1711). The town fortifications and the castle were torn down and the town of Kreuznach largely destroyed in May 1689 by [[France|French]] troops under [[Brigadier]] [[Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac]] (about 1630–1704) or Lieutenant General [[Nicolas Chalon du Blé|Nicolas du Blé, Marquis d’Uxelles]] (1652–1730).<ref>''cf.'' Kurt von Raumer: ''Die Zerstörung der Pfalz von 1689 im Zusammenhang der französischen Rheinpolitik'', Munich / Berlin: R. Oldenbourg 1930, S. 151 (reprint Bad Neustadt an der Saale: D. Pfaehler 1982, ISBN 3-922923-17-8).</ref> On 18 October 1689, Kreuznach’s [[Church (building)|churches]] were burnt down.
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| ====18th century====
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| <!--[[File:Crucenacum ad Navam (um 1747).jpg|thumb|Drawing “Crucenacum ad Navam”, about 1747, by Theodor Gottfried Thum|300px]] Copyright issue over on de:WP prevents this from being uploaded to Commons (check every now and then for resolution)-->
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| As of 1708, Kreuznach wholly belonged to [[Electoral Palatinate]]. Under [[Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine|Elector Palatine Karl III Philipp]] (1661–1742), the Karlshalle Saltworks were built in 1729. Built in 1743 by [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Prince-Elector, Count Palatine and Duke Karl Theodor]] (1724–1799) were the Theodorshalle Saltworks. On 13 May 1725, after a [[cloudburst]] and [[hail]]storm, Kreuznach was stricken by an extreme [[flood]] in which 31 people lost their lives, some 300 or 400 head of [[cattle]] [[Drowning|drowned]], two houses were utterly destroyed and many damaged and remaining parts of the town wall fell in.<ref>''cf.'' Johann Christian Heußon: ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=2BQ8AAAAcAAJ&hl=de&pg=PP4 Ausführliche und ordentliche Beschreibung] Der in hiesigen Landen erschröcklichen und fast noch nie erhörten Wasser-Fluth zu Creutzenach.'' Philipp Wilhelm Stock, Frankfurt am Main 1725.</ref> Taking part at the founding of the [[Masonic Lodge]] ''Zum wiedererbauten Tempel der Bruderliebe'' ("To the Rebuilt Temple of Brotherly Love") in [[Worms, Germany|Worms]] in 1781 were also [[Freemasonry|Freemasons]] from Kreuznach. As early as 1775, the [[Grand Lodge]] of the Rhenish Masonic Lodges (8th Provincial Grand Lodge) of [[Rite of Strict Observance|Strict Observance]] had already been given the name "Kreuznach".<ref>In 1777 it was moved as the Alt-Creuznach chapter to [[Wetzlar]], while the Grand Lodge in Frankfurt was called "Neu-Creuznach"; ''cf.'' ''Allgemeines Handbuch der Freimaurerei.'' Bd. I: ''A-Honiton.'' F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1863, S. 364; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Bestand D 4 Großherzogliches Haus, Einzelne Logen 592/4).</ref> In the extreme winter of 1783/1784, the town was heavily damaged on 27–28 February 1784 by an icerun and flooding. A pharmacist named Daniel Riem (1730–1784) was killed in his house "Zum weißen Schwan" ("At the White Swan") when it collapsed into the floodwaters.<ref>Ernst F. Deurer: ''[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10047650_00202.html Umständliche Beschreibung der im Jänner und Hornung 1784 die Städte Heidelberg, Mannheim und andere Gegenden der Pfalz durch die Eisgänge und Ueberschwemmungen betroffenen grosen Noth].'' Neue Hof- und Akademische Buchhandlung, Mannheim 1784, S. 202–206.</ref>
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| ====French Revolutionary and Napoleonic times====
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| [[File:Bad Kreuznach- moderne Saline 21.7.2008.JPG|thumb|Saltworks in Bad Kreuznach]]
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| In the course of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1792–1814), [[France|French]] [[Emigration|emigrants]] came to Kreuznach, among them [[Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé]] (1736–1818). In October 1792, [[French Revolutionary Wars|French Revolutionary troops]] under General [[Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine]] (1740–1793) [[Military occupation|occupied]] the land around Kreuznach, remaining there until 28 March 1793. The town itself was briefly occupied by French troops under General [[François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers]] (1769–1796) on 4 January and then again on 16 October 1794. From 30 October until 1 December 1795, the town was held by Imperial troops under Rhinegrave Karl August von Salm-Grumbach (1742–1800), but they were at first driven out in bloody battles by Marshals [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]] (1762–1833) and [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] (1763–1844). In this time, the town suffered greatly under sackings and involuntary contributions. After the French withdrew on 12 December, it was occupied by an [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austrian]] battalion under Captain Alois Graf Gavasini (1759–1834), which withdrew again on 30 May 1796. On 9 June 1796, Kreuznach was once again occupied by the French. In 1797, Kreuznach, along with all lands on the [[Rhine]]’s left bank, was [[Annexation|annexed]] by the [[French First Republic]], a deed confirmed under [[international law]] by the 1801 [[Treaty of Lunéville]]. The parts of town that lay north of the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] were assigned to the [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissement]] of Simmern in the [[Departments of France|Department]] of [[Rhin-et-Moselle]], whereas those that lay to the south were assigned to the Department of [[Mont-Tonnerre]] (or Donnersberg in [[German language|German]]).<ref>''cf.'' Gerd Massmann: ''Die Verfassung der Stadt Kreuznach unter der französischen Herrschaft von 1796 bis 1814'' (Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Landesgeschichte und Volkskunde im Regierungsbezirk Koblenz 4), Boppard: Harald Boldt 1963; Friedrich Schmitt: ''Kreuznach während der französischen Herrschaft 1792/96 bis 1814''. In: Stadtverwaltung Bad Kreuznach (publisher): ''Bad Kreuznach der Stadterhebung bis zur Gegenwart'' (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Bad Kreuznach 1), Bad Kreuznach: Matthias Ess 1990, S. 145–210.</ref> The subprefect in Simmern in 1800 was Andreas van Recum (1765–1828) and in 1806 it was Ludwig von Closen (1752–1830). The ''maire'' of Kreuznach as of 1800 was Franz Joseph Potthoff (b. 1756; d. after 1806) and beginning in 1806 it was Karl Joseph Burret (1761–1828). On 20 September and 5 October 1804, the French Emperor, [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] visited Kreuznach. On the occasion of Napoleon’s victory in the [[Battle of Austerlitz]] a celebratory [[Te Deum]] was held at the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] churches in January 1806 on [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen|Bishop of Aachen]] Marc-Antoine Berdolet’s (1740–1809) orders (Kreuznach was part of his diocese from 1801 to 1821). In 1808, Napoleon made a gift of Kreuznach’s two saltworks to his favourite sister, [[Pauline Bonaparte|Pauline]]. In 1809, the Kreuznach Masonic Lodge "Les amis réunis de la Nahe et du Rhin" was founded by van Reccum, which at first lasted only until 1814. It was, however, refounded in 1858. In Napoleon’s honour, the timing of the Kreuznach yearly market was set by Mayor Burret on the Sunday after his birthday (15 August). Men from Kreuznach also took part in Napoleon’s 1812 [[French invasion of Russia|Russian Campaign]] on the French side, to whom a monument established at the Mannheimer Straße graveyard in 1842 still stands. The subsequent [[German campaign (Napoleonic Wars)|German campaign]] (called the ''Befreiungskriege'', or Wars of Liberation, in Germany) put an end to French rule.
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| ====Congress of Vienna to First World War====
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| Until a permanent new order could be imposed under the terms of the [[Congress of Vienna]], the region lay under joint [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavarian]]-[[Habsburg Monarchy|Austrian]] administration, whose seat was in Kreuznach. When these terms eventually came about, Kreuznach passed to the Kingdom of [[Prussia]] in 1815 and from 1816 it belonged to the ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'' of [[Koblenz (region)|Koblenz]] in the province of the [[Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine]] (as of 1822 the [[Rhine Province]]) and was a [[border town]] with two neighbouring states, the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]] to the east and the [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] [[exclave]] of the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] to the south. The two saltworks, which had now apparently been taken away from Napoleon’s sister, were from 1816 to 1897 Grand-Ducal-Hessian state property on Prussian territory. In 1817, Johann Erhard Prieger opened the first bathing parlour with briny water and thereby laid the groundwork for the fast-growing spa business. In 1843, [[Karl Marx]] married [[Jenny von Westphalen]] in Kreuznach, presumably at the ''Wilhelmskirche'' (William’s Church), which had been built between 1698 and 1700 and was later, in 1968, all but torn down, leaving only the churchtower. In Kreuznach, Marx set down considerable portions of his manuscript ''[[Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right]]'' (''Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie'') in 1843. [[Clara Schumann]], who was attending the spa in Kreuznach, and her half-sister [[Marie Wieck]] gave a concert at the spa house in 1860. With the building of the [[Nahe Valley Railway]] from [[Bingerbrück]] to [[Saarbrücken]] in 1858/1860, the groundwork was laid for the town’s [[industrialization]]. This, along with the ever growing income from the spa, led after years of stagnation to an economic boost for the town’s development. Nevertheless, the [[railway]] was not built for industry and spa-goers alone, but also as a logistical supply line for a [[war]] that was expected to break out with [[France]]. Before this, though, right at Kreuznach’s town limits, Prussia and Bavaria once again stood at odds with each other in 1866. Thinking that was not influenced by this led to another railway line being built even before the [[First World War]], the "strategic railway" from [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg|Bad Münster]] by way of [[Staudernheim]], [[Meisenheim]], [[Lauterecken]] and [[Kusel]] towards the west, making Kreuznach into an important contributor to transport towards the west. Only about 1950 were parts of this line torn up and abandoned. Today, between Staudernheim and Kusel, it serves as a [[tourist attraction]] for those who wish to ride [[draisine]]s.
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| [[File:Kreuznach 1900.jpg|thumb|View over the town, about 1900]]
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| In 1891, three members of the [[Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross]] came to live in Kreuznach. In 1893, they took over the [[hospital]] ''Kiskys-Wörth'', which as of 1905 bore the name ''St. Marienwörth''. Since 1948, they have run it together with the Sisters of the Congregation of Papal Law<!--for “Kongregation päpstlichen Rechts”--> of the Maids of Mary of the Immaculate Conception<!--for “Mägde Mariens von der Unbefleckten Empfängnis”-->, and today run it as a hospital bearing the classification ''II. Regelversorgung'' under Germany’s ''[[:de:Versorgungsstufe|Versorgungsstufe]]'' hospital planning system. In 1901, the Second Rhenish ''Diakonissen-Mutterhaus'' ("[[Deaconess]]’s Mother-House"), founded in 1889 in [[Bad Sobernheim|Sobernheim]], moved under its abbot, the Reverend Hugo Reich (1854–1935), to Kreuznach. It is now a foundation known as the ''kreuznacher diakonie'' (always written with lowercase initials). In 1904, the pharmacist Karl Aschoff discovered the Kreuznach brine’s [[radon]] content, and thereafter introduced "radon balneology", a therapy that had already been practised in the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] town of Sankt Joachimsthal in the [[Bohemia]]n [[Ore Mountains]] (now [[Jáchymov]] in the [[Czech Republic]]). Even though the Bad Kreuznach’s radon content was much slighter than that found in the waters from [[Bad Brambach|Brambach]] or [[Bad Gastein]], the town was quickly billed as a "[[radium]] healing spa" – the technical error in that billing notwithstanding. In 1912, a radon inhalatorium was brought into service, into which was piped the air from an old mining gallery at the Kauzenberg, which had a higher radon content than the springwater. The inhalatorium was destroyed in 1945. In 1974, however, the old mining gallery itself was converted into a therapy room. To this day, radon inhalation serves as a natural [[Analgesic|pain reliever]] for those suffering from [[rheumatism]]. In the [[First World War]], both the Kreuznach spa house and other hotels and villas became as of 2 January 1917 the seat of the Great Headquarters of [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]]. The Kaiser actually lived in the spa house. Used as the [[German General Staff|General Staff]] building was the Oranienhof. At the spa house on 19 December 1917, General Mustafa Kemal [[Pasha]] – better known as [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Atatürk]] ("Father of the [[Turkish people|Turks]]") and later president of a strictly secular [[Turkey]] – the Kaiser, [[Paul von Hindenburg]] and [[Erich Ludendorff]] all met for talks. Only an extreme wintertime flood on the Nahe in January 1918 led to the [[Oberste Heeresleitung]] being moved to [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]] in [[Belgium]].
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| ====Weimar Republic and Third Reich====
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| After the [[First World War]], [[France|French]] troops [[Military occupation|occupied]] the [[Occupation of the Rhineland|Rhineland]] and along with it, Kreuznach, whose great [[hotels]] were thereafter mostly abandoned. In 1924, Kreuznach was granted the designation ''Bad'', literally "Bath", which is conferred on places that can be regarded as health resorts. Since this time, the town has been known as Bad Kreuznach. After [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] [[Machtergreifung|seized power]] in 1933, some, among them the [[trade union]]ist [[Hugo Salzmann]], organized resistance to [[Nazism|National Socialism]]. Despite [[imprisonment]], Salzmann survived the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]], and after 1945 sat on town council for the [[Communist Party of Germany]] (KPD). The [[Jew]]s who were still left in the district after the [[Second World War]] broke out were on the district leadership’s orders taken in 1942 to the former ''Kolpinghaus'', whence, on 27 July, they were deported to [[Theresienstadt concentration camp|Theresienstadt]]. Bad Kreuznach, whose spa facilities and remaining hotels once again, from 1939 to 1940, became the seat of the [[Armeeoberkommando|Army High Command]], was time and again targeted by [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[Strategic bombing|air raids]] because of the [[Wehrmacht]] [[barracks]] on Bosenheimer Straße, Alzeyer Straße and Franziska-Puricelli-Straße as well as the strategically important [[Berlin]]-[[Paris]] [[railway]] line, which then led through the town. The last ''Stadtkommandant'' (town commander), Lieutenant Colonel Johann Kaup (d. 1945), kept Bad Kreuznach from even greater destruction when he offered advancing [[United States|American]] troops no resistance, and yielded the town to them on 16 March 1945 with barely any fighting. Shortly before this, German troops had blown up yet another part of the old bridge across the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]], thus also destroying residential buildings near the bridge ends.
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| ====After 1945====
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| Bad Kreuznach was [[Military occupation|occupied]] by US troops in March 1945 and thus stood under American military authority. This even extended to one of the ''[[Rheinwiesenlager]]'' for disarmed German forces, which lay near Bad Kreuznach on the road to [[Bretzenheim]], and whose former location is now marked by a memorial. It was commonly known as the [[Bretzenheim#“Field of Misery”|“Field of Misery”]]. Found in the Lohrer Wald (forest) is a graveyard of honour for wartime and camp victims. Under the Potsdam Protocols on the fixing of occupation zone boundaries, Bad Kreuznach found itself for a while in [[Allied-occupied Germany|French zone of occupation]], but in an exchange in the early 1950s, [[United States Armed Forces]] came back into the districts of [[Bad Kreuznach (district)|Kreuznach]], [[Birkenfeld (district)|Birkenfeld]] and [[Kusel (district)|Kusel]]. Until the middle of 2001, the Americans maintained four [[barracks]], a [[Redstone missile]] unit,<ref>[http://www.myarmyredstonedays.com/page10.html Redstone missiles in Bad Kreuznach]</ref> a firing range, a small airfield and a drill ground in Bad Kreuznach. The last US forces in Bad Kreuznach were parts of the [[1st Armored Division (United States)|1st Armored Division]] ("Old Ironsides"). In 1958, [[President of France]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] and [[Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany|Federal Chancellor]] [[Konrad Adenauer]] agreed in Bad Kreuznach to an institutionalization of the special relations between the two countries, which in 1963 resulted in the [[Élysée Treaty]]. A monumental stone before the old spa house recalls this historic event. On 1 April 1960, the town of Bad Kreuznach was declared, after application to the [[States of Germany|state]] government, a ''große kreisangehörige Stadt'' ("large town belonging to a district").<ref>[http://rlp.juris.de/rlp/gesamt/BadKreuznachGkStV_RP.htm Landesverordnung über die großen kreisangehörigen Städte Bad Kreuznach, Idar-Oberstein und Neuwied vom 29. März 1960]</ref> In 2010 Bad Kreuznach launched a competition to replace the 1950s addition to the ''Alte Nahebrücke'' ("Old Nahe Bridge"). The bridge, designed by competition winner [[Dissing+Weitling]] architecture of [[Copenhagen]], is scheduled for completion by 2012.
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| ====Amalgamations====
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| In the course of administrative restructuring in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], the hitherto self-administering municipalities of Bosenheim, Planig, Ippesheim (all three of which had belonged until then to the Bingen district) and Winzenheim were amalgamated on 7 June 1969 with Bad Kreuznach.<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/fileadmin/dokumente/nach_themen/verlag/verzeichnisse/AmtlichesGemeindeverzeichnis_2006.pdf Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis 2006, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz], S. 169 (PDF; 2,50 MB)</ref> Furthermore, [[Rüdesheim an der Nahe]] was also amalgamated, but fought the amalgamation in court, winning, and thereby regaining its autonomy a few months later. As part of the [[German federal election, 2009|2009 German federal election]], a [[plebiscite]] was included on the ballot on the question of whether the towns of Bad Kreuznach and [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg]] should be merged, and 68.3% of the Bad Kreuznach voters favoured negotiations between the two towns.<ref>Oeffentlicher Anzeiger vom 28. September 2009, S. 23, Artikel: «OB Ludwig: „Kreuznach hat Tür nach BME aufgemacht"»</ref> On 25 May 2009, the town received another special designation, this time from the [[Cabinet of Germany|Cabinet]]: ''Ort der Vielfalt'' – "Place of [[Cultural diversity|Diversity]]".
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| ==Religion==
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| As at 31 August 2013, there are 44,851 fulltime residents in Bad Kreuznach, and of those, 15,431 are [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] (34.405%), 13,355 are [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] (29.776%), 4 belong to the [[Old Catholic Church]] (0.009%), 77 belong to the [[Greek Orthodox Church]] (0.172%), 68 belong to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] (0.152%), 1 is [[United Methodist Church|United Methodist]] (0.002%), 16 belong to the Free Evangelical Church (0.036%), 41 are [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] (0.091%), 2 belong to the Palatinate State Free Religious Community (0.004%), 1 belongs to the Mainz Free Religious Community (0.002%), 4 are [[Calvinism|Reformed]] (0.009%), 9 belong to the Alzey Free Religious Community (0.02%), 2 form part of a membership group in a [[Judaism|Jewish]] community (0.004%) (162 other Jews belong to the Bad Kreuznach-Koblenz worship community [0.361%] while a further one belongs to the State League of Jewish worship communities in Bavaria [0.002%]), 9 are [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (0.02%), 1 belongs to yet another free religious community (0.002%), 5,088 (11.344%) belong to other religious groups and 10,579 (23.587%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.<ref>[http://www.ewois.de/Statistik/user/htmlgen.php?stichtag=31.08.2013&ags=13300006&type=VFG&linkags=0713300006 Religion]</ref>
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| ==Politics==
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| ===Town council===
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| The council is made up of 44 council members, who were elected by [[proportional representation]] at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the chief mayor as chairwoman. Since this election, the town has been run by a [[Jamaica coalition (politics)|Jamaica coalition]] of the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]], the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] and [[Alliance '90/The Greens|the Greens]].
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| The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1330000600.html Municipal election results for Bad Kreuznach]</ref>
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| {| border="1"
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| |- style="background:#eeee66"
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| ! align="center" | Party
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| ! Share (%)
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| ! +/–
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| ! Seats
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| ! +/–
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
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| | align="right" | 33.1
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| | align="right" | –3.2
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| | align="right" | 14
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| | align="right" | –2
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
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| | align="right" | 27.3
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| | align="right" | +0.1
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| | align="right" | 12
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| | align="center" | =
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
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| | align="right" | 13.5
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| | align="right" | +2.6
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| | align="right" | 6
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| | align="right" | +1
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | [[Alliance '90/The Greens]]
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| | align="right" | 10.5
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| | align="right" | –0.2
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| | align="right" | 5
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| | align="center" | =
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]
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| | align="right" | 4.1
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| | align="right" | +4.1
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| | align="right" | 2
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| | align="right" | +2
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| |-
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| | class="bgcolor5" | Faires Bad Kreuznach/Bürgerliste/[[Free Voters|FWG]]
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| | align="right" | 11.5
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| | align="right" | –3.5
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| | align="right" | 5
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| | align="right" | –1
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| |}
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| ===Mayors===
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| Listed here are Bad Kreuznach’s mayors since [[Napoleon]]ic times:
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| {| width="100%"
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| |- valign="top"
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| | width="25%" |
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| * 1800-1806 Franz Joseph Potthoff
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| * 1806–1813 Carl Josef Burret
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| * 1813–1814 Jacob Friedrich Karcher
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| * {{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}1814 Stanislaus Schmitt
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| * 1814–1817 Joseph Dheil (Theil)
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| * 1817–1818 Ruprecht
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| * 1819–1845 Franz Xaver Buß
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| * 1845–1846 Karl Joseph Movius
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| | width="25%" |
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| * 1846–1850 Berthold
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| * 1851–1875 Heinrich Küppers
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| * 1875–1881 Gerhard Bunnemann
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| * 1881–1896 Felix Albert Scheibner
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| * {{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}1897 Hermann Bemme
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| * 1897–1909 Rudolf Kirschstein
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| * 1909–1914 Karl Schleicher
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| | width="25%" |
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| * 1917–1919 Hans Körnicke
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| * 1921–1933 Robert Fischer
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| * 1934–1942 Friedrich Wetzler
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| * {{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}1945 Viktor Risse
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| * 1945–1947 Robert Fischer
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| * 1947–1949 Willibald Hamburger
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| * 1949–1952 Josef Kohns
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| | width="25%" |
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| * 1952–1956 Ludwig Jungermann ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
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| * 1957–1967 Gerhard Muhs ([[Freie Demokratische Partei|FDP]])
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| * 1967–1985 Peter Fink ([[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]])
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| * 1985–1995 Helmut Schwindt ([[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]])
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| * 1995–2003 Rolf Ebbeke ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
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| * 2003–2011 Andreas Ludwig ([[Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands|CDU]])
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| * 2011–{{0}}{{0}}{{0}}{{0}} Heike Kaster-Meurer ([[Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands|SPD]])
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| |}
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| ===Mayor===
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| Bad Kreuznach’s chief mayor (''Oberbürgermeisterin'') is Dr. Heike Kaster-Meurer, her deputy mayor (''Bürgermeisterin'') is Martina Hassel and her council deputies (''Beigeordnete'') are Wolfgang Heinrich, Udo Bausch and Andrea Manz.<ref>[http://www.bad-kreuznach.de/sv_bad_kreuznach/Politik%20und%20Verwaltung/Stadtverwaltung/Stadtvorstand/ Bad Kreuznach’s executive]</ref>
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| ===Coat of arms===
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| The town’s [[Coat of arms|arms]] might be described thus: On an escutcheon argent ensigned with a town wall with three towers all embattled Or, a fess countercompony Or and azure between three crosses pattée sable.
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| Bad Kreuznach’s right to bear arms comes from municipal law for the [[States of Germany|state]] of [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. The three crosses pattée (that is, with the ends somewhat broader than the rest of the crosses’ arms) are a [[Canting arms|canting]] [[charge (heraldry)|charge]], referring to the town’s name, the [[German language|German]] word for "cross" being ''Kreuz''. The crosses are sometimes wrongly taken to be [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Christian cross|crosses]]. In fact, the name Kreuznach developed out of the Celtic-Latin word ''Cruciniacum'', which meant "Crucinius’s Home", thus a man’s name with the suffix ''—acum'' added, meaning "flowing water". The coat of arms first appeared with this composition on the keystone at [[Saint Nicholas]]’s Church in the late 13th century. The [[mural crown]] on top of the [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] began appearing only about 1800 under [[France|French]] rule. The stylized stretch of town wall was originally rendered reddish-brown, but it usually appears gold nowadays.<ref>[http://www.bad-kreuznach.de/sv_bad_kreuznach/Tourismus,%20Kultur,%20Sport/Stadtportr%C3%A4t/Stadtwappen%20und%20Stadtlogo/ Description and explanation of Bad Kreuznach’s arms]</ref>
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| ===Town partnerships===
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| Bad Kreuznach fosters partnerships with the following places:<ref>[http://www.bad-kreuznach.de/sv_bad_kreuznach/Politik%20und%20Verwaltung/St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften/ Town partnerships]</ref>
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| *{{flagicon|France}} [[Bourg-en-Bresse]], [[Ain]], [[France]] since 1963
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| *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Neuruppin]], [[Ostprignitz-Ruppin]], [[Brandenburg]] since 1990
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| ==Culture and sightseeing==
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| ===Buildings===
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| The following are listed buildings or sites in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Bad_Kreuznach.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Bad Kreuznach district]</ref>
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| [[File:Kreuzkirche Kreuznach Winter.jpg|thumb|Wilhelmstraße 39 – Holy Cross Catholic Parish Church]]
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| ====Bad Kreuznach (main centre)====
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| * [[Paul the Apostle|Paul’s]] [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Church (building)|Church]] (''Pauluskirche''), Kurhausstraße 2/4 – [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] quire and transept, early 15th century, west façade after 1458, [[Classicism|Classicist]] nave and tower 1768–1781, architect Philipp Heinrich Hellermann, [[Meisenheim]]; furnishings
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| * [[Wolfgang of Regensburg|Saint Wolfgang’s]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (''Kirche St. Wolfgang''), in Breslauer Straße 2 – four colourfully made sculptures; [[Baroque sculpture|Baroque]] [[Madonna (art)|Madonna]], replica of the Late Gothic Saint Wolfgang figure in [[Sankt Wolfgang]], Late Gothic [[Crucifix]], Late Gothic [[Pietà]]
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| * Holy Cross Catholic Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche Heilig-Kreuz''), Wilhelmstraße 39 – [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] [[hall church]], red-[[sandstone]]-block building, 1895-1897, architect Ludwig Becker, [[Mainz]]; furnishings
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| * [[Saint Nicholas]]’s Catholic Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche St. Nikolaus''), Poststraße 5 – three-naved [[basilica]], substantially from the 13th and 14th centuries, lengthened in the mid 15th century, 1713 partly Baroquified, 1897–1905 renovation resulting in some alterations with tower, architect Ludwig Becker, Mainz; furnishings; outside Late Baroque Crucifix, 1777
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| [[File:Kauzenburg (Bad Kreuznach).JPG|thumb|On the Kauzenberg – Kauzenburg]]
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| * Kauzenburg, Auf dem Kauzenberg – preserved from the [[castle]] of the [[County of Sponheim|Counts of Sponheim]] founded after 1105 a few girding walls and [[vault (architecture)|vault]]ed cellar rooms; 1971 expansion into castle [[inn]], architect [[Gottfried Böhm]]
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| * Church of the American [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] Community (''Kirche der amerikanischen Pfingstgemeinde''), built behind it, Viktoriastraße 18 – sandstone-framed plastered building, Baroquified gable [[Avant-corps|risalto]], 1909, architect Carl Jung, with municipal hall
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| * Spa zone (monumental zone) – built after Dr. Eberhard Prieger’s discovery of [[brine]]’s healing power in 1817 according to systematic [[Urban planning|town planning]] in several phases in a spread-out pattern behind front gardens with avenues: ''Badeinsel'' ("Bathing Island") and northern spa zone up to Weinkauffstraße beginning in 1840 or 1847, area abutting to the south beginning in 1900, so-called expanded spa zone southeast of Salinenstraße beginning in 1880; many individual monuments such as the spa house (1840–1860), four-winged bathhouse (1911/1912), private bathhouses ([[Classicism|Late Classicist]] and [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]]), especially monuments created by the [[Sculpture|sculptor]] family Cauer and [[bronze]] figures, saltworks (Karlshalle, Theodorshalle); in the south a jutting, pointed area bordered in the east by the [[railway]] line, in the north by Baumstraße/Salinenstraße/Schloßstraße, the millpond and the old bridge across the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]], in the west by a strip along the bank on the other side of the Nahe.
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| [[File:Kreuznacher Neustadt.jpg|thumb|New Town monumental zone; left: "Little Venice"; in the background the tower of the ''Nikolauskirche'']]
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| * New Town (''Neustadt'', monumental zone) – historically expanded development in the part of town founded after 1200 by the Counts of Sponheim north of the Nahe including the Ellerbach: [[Late Middle Ages|late mediaeval]] Saint Nicholas’s Church (''St. Nikolauskirche''), cellar and ground floor, partly also upper floors, with later upper floors added, former castle houses and nobles’ houses from the 16th or 17th century as well as the town scrivener’s office from 1540, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] houses from the 18th century with Classicist and Renaissance Revival façades from the 19th century and ''Wilhelmsbrücke'' (bridge) in imitation of [[Historicism (art)|Historicist]] style with towers from 1906
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| * Town fortifications – The town fortifications are made up of three complete wall systems around sovereign area (''[[Burgfrieden]]''), Neustadt ("New Town") and Altstadt ("Old Town") with outward ditches, wall towers and gate towers, first mentioned in 1247, destroyed in 1689, repaired in the 18th century, in late 18th century ditches filled in, beginning about 1840, walls torn down or integrated into new buildings; wall fragments preserved from the early-13th-century Kauzenburg ([[castle]]) destroyed in the 17th century; expansion in 1971 by [[Gottfried Böhm]]; preserved from the sovereign area (''Burgfrieden''): stepped wall as far as foundation of ''Klappertorturm'' (tower), piece of wall with later added half-round tower as far as ''Stumpfer Turm'' ("Stub Tower", also called ''Pfeffermühlchen'', or "Little Peppermill") as well as the wall that partly forms the Nahe’s bank, today partly overbuilt; preserved from the ringwall around the New Town with formerly seven towers and three gates: ''Butterfass'' ("Butterchurn") and piece of wall with [[Chemin de ronde|battlement walkway]], foundation remnants of the ''Winzenheimer Turm'' (tower), piece of wall of the ''Schanz'' ("Redoubt") with ditch, further remnants of the fortifications in the houses built up against them in the 19th century, a [[watergate (architecture)|watergate]] (''Fischerpforte'', meaning "Fishermen’s Gate") as well as the ''Große Pforte'' ("Great Gate", today walled up); preserved from the Old Town fortifications with formerly 13 towers, three gates and ''Peterspförtchen'' ("Peter’s Little Gate"): wall remnants along the millpond, twin watergates (near Wilhelmstraße) and jutting part of the powder tower, at the ''Mehlwaage'' ("Flour Scales", but actually a house) an archlike structure built on as well as a great bit of wall in the garden of the former [[Franciscan]] monastery (now a [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]])
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| * Agricolastraße 1 – lordly villa with hip roof, 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
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| * Agricolastraße 6 – sophisticated cube-shaped villa with hip roof, [[Art Deco]], 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
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| * Agricolastraße 7 – villalike building with hip roof, 1921/22, architect Vorbius
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| * Albrechtstraße 18 – one-floor villa with [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] gables, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1904/1905, architect Friedrich Metzger
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| * Albrechtstraße 20 – villa with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival and [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]] motifs, 1901/1902, architect Friedrich Metzger
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| * Albrechtstraße 22 – villalike house with mansard roof, Renaissance Revival and Baroque Revival motifs, 1902/1903, architect Friedrich Metzger
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| * Alte Poststraße 2 – three-floor post-Baroque shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), possibly from the earlier half of the 19th century
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| * At Alte Poststraße 4 – [[cartouche (design)|cartouche]], marked 1797
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| * Alte Poststraße 6 – corner house; [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] house with (hipped) mansard roof; Baroquified window 1909, architect Anton Kullmann; cellar older
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| * Alte Poststraße 7 – Late Baroque house, partly timber-frame (plastered), conversion 1839, architect Peter Engelmann; cellar possibly older
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| * Alte Poststraße 8 – Late Baroque house, partly timber-frame (plastered or slated)
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| * Alte Poststraße 15 – former ''Volxheimer Burghaus''; gabled house, ground floor from the 16th century, upper floor and gables in decorative [[timber framing]] about 1710
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| [[File:Rose Barracks Kreuznach.jpg|thumb|Barracks (Alzeyer Straße, 2009)]]
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| * Alzeyer Straße – barracks [[Symmetry|symmetrically]] about a grassy yard, scattered building complex with representative three-floor Heimatstil buildings, 1932 and years following
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| * Auf dem Martinsberg 1 (monumental zone) – "stewardship complex with office building" on an L-shaped footprint, 1899, architects Curjel & Moser, originally belonging to villa at Brückes 3; joining wing 1919
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| * Auf dem Martinsberg 2 – lordly [[Gründerzeit]] villa, [[clinker brick]] building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1884, architect Jacob Karst; [[Oriel window|oriel]] additions 1920s; one-floor [[brick]] side building with hip roof, 1888; front garden fencing dating from time of building
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| * Auf dem Martinsberg 3/5 – pair of [[semi-detached]] houses; clinker brick building with three-floor side [[Avant-corps|risalti]], 1896/1897, architect Anton Kullmann
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| * Baumgartenstraße 3 – two-and-a-half-floor tenement, brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1894/1895, architect Heinrich Ruppert
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| * Baumgartenstraße 39 – three-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse with oriel turret, Renaissance Revival and [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1906/1907, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Baumgartenstraße 42 – house; [[sandstone]]-framed clinker brick building, hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival, 1898/1899, architect Hermann Herter
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| * Baumgartenstraße 46/48 – pair of semi-detached houses; clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]], 1898, no. 46, architect Hermann Herter, no. 48, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Baumgartenstraße 50 – two-and-a-half-floor house, brick building decorated with clinker brick, 1896/1897, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Baumstraße 15 – two-and-a-half-floor villa; clinker-brick-faced building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1880/1881, architect Town Master Builder Hartmann (?); one-floor front wing, 1934, architect Karl Heep
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| * Beinde 18 – corner house; two essentially 18th-century [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] plastered [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] houses, conversion and hip roof 1907, architect L. Zimmer
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| * At Beinde 20 – portal with [[skylight]], Late Baroque, marked 1782
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| * Bleichstraße 18/20 – axially symmetrical pair of semi-detached shophouses; two-tone clinker brick building, 1899/1900
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| <!--* Bleichstraße 19 – shophouse; [[sandstone]]-framed clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, 1901/1902, architects Philipp and Jean Hassinger – Foregoing appears on de:WP but not in source.-->
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| * Bleichstraße 23 – sophisticated sandstone-framed clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1896/1897, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Bleichstraße 25 – sandstone-framed brick building with hipped mansard roof, 1896/1897, architect August Henke
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| * Bleichstraße 26 – two-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse; sandstone-framed clinker brick building with tower oriel and hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1892, architect Martin Hassinger
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| * Bosenheimer Straße 79 – house and factory building, decorative clinker brick building with half-hip roof, Renaissance Revival, marked 1899/1900, architect Johann Stanger; factory: spacious brick building
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| * Bosenheimer Straße 200, Rolandsbogen<ref name="Kreisrecht">[http://www.kreisbadkreuznach.de/Inhaltsverzeichnis-des-Kreisre.205.0.html Landkreis Bad Kreuznach: Inhaltsverzeichnis des Kreisrechtes], abgerufen am 31. Oktober 2011</ref>(monumental zone) – urban residential development; flat-roof buildings grouped around an inner yard, 1927/1928, architect Town Building Councillor Hugo Völker
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| * Brückes 1 – former [[casino]]; Classicist building with hip roof with triaxial gable [[Avant-corps|risalto]], 1834 and years following, architect Ludwig Behr
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| * Brückes 3 – lordly [[Gründerzeit]] villa with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, shortly before 1876<!--; “stewardship complex with office building” on an L-shaped footprint, 1899, architects Curjel & Moser; joining wing 1919 – This would seem to be redundant.-->
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| * Brückes 5 – [[Grand Burgher|upper-middle-class]], partly three-floor Gründerzeit villa with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1870
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| * Brückes 12 – sophisticated three-floor house, Classicist motifs, about 1840
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| * Brückes 14 – two-and-a-half-floor house, about 1840
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| * Brückes 16 – lordly Gründerzeit villa with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival, 1882, architect Jacob Karst
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| * Brückes 18 – lordly Gründerzeit villa, two-and-a-half-floor building with hip roof, 1877/1878, architect Ludwig Bohnstedt
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| * Brückes 20 – spacious three-floor building with hip roof, about 1840; side building dating from same time
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| * Brückes 21 – former lordly [[winegrowing]] estate, house and [[sparkling wine]] factory; one-and-a-half-floor [[Classicism|Classicist]] complex with hip roofs, about 1860; spacious cellar addition on an L-shaped footprint, 1877, architects Schaeffer and Bechthold; stone cellar, 1887, architect Jacob Kossmann
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| * Brückes 22 – two-and-a-half-floor Classicist house, 1880/1881
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| * Brückes 24 – house, Romanesquified motifs, about 1850
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| * Brückes 27 – storage and dwelling house; one-and-a-half-floor Classicist building with hipped mansard roof, about 1879
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| * Brückes 33 – former Potthoff & Söhne winegrowing estate; representative villalike building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1860, front wing with Renaissance Revival motifs, 1909, architect Anton Kullmann; wing, about 1860; southern estate building, 1888, architect Jacob Karst
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| * Brückes 41 – Anheuser & Fehrs winegrowing estate; residencelike shophouse; three-wing complex in stone-block wallwork, Heimatstil, 1930s, reconstruction 1948/1949, architect Theo Wilkens
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| * Brückes 53 – Economic Adviser August E. Anheuser winegrowing estate; one-floor [[sandstone]]-framed quarrystone building, about 1860, Gothicized motifs, expansion 1955, architect Theo Wilkens; [[vault (architecture)|vault]]ed cellar 1894, hall built over it in 1953
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| [[File:Güterbahnhof Kreuznach.jpg|thumb|Brückes 54 – former main railway station]]
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| * Brückes 54 – former main [[railway station]]; two-wing castlelike red clinker brick building, Romanesquified motifs, 1860
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| * Brückes 60 – house resembling a country house; two-and-a-half-floor [[brick]] building, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], hip roof, 1902 architect possibly Franz Collein
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| * Brückes 63a – [[Gründerzeit]] house; three-floor clinker brick building with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival motifs
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| * Bühler Weg 3 – bungalow with high mansard floor, 1925/1926, architect Peter Riedle; characterizes street’s appearance
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| * Bühler Weg 5 – villalike house with [[tented roof]], 1927/1928, architect Martin Au
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| * Bühler Weg 8 – villalike corner house, 1927/1928, architect Martin Au
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| * Bühler Weg 12 – villalike corner house with hip roof, 1927, architect Martin Au
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| * Cauerstraße 1 – lordly villa, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] and [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1902/1903, architect Hans Best
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| * Cauerstraße 3 – villa with hip roof, corner tower with pointed roof, 1925/1926, architect Alexander Ackermann
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| * Cecilienhöhe 3 – ''Viktoriastift'', 1913–1916, architect Hans Best; "Cecilienhaus", four-floor plastered building on almost T-shaped footprint, hip roofs, Neoclassical motifs; built behind it, four-floor wing with three-floor part in front, floor added in 1925, hip roof with lookout tower; mother-and-child group by Ludwig Cauer
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| [[File:Roemerhalle Kreuznach Aussenanlage.jpg|thumb|Schlosspark Museum-Roman villa monumental zone]]
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| * Dessauer Straße, Hüffelsheimer Straße, Schlosspark Museum-Roman villa <ref name="Kreisrecht"/>(monumental zone) – remnants of the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] palatial villa, Puricelli-[[Schloss]] (Dessauer Straße 49 and 51) with park and former estate (Hüffelsheimer Straße 1,3,5)
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| * Dessauerstraße 1a – three-floor [[terraced house]]; [[Historicism (art)|Late Historicist]] brick building with mansard roof, about 1900
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| * Dessauerstraße 2 – Classicist pair of semi-detached houses, about 1850; four-floor plastered stone-block or [[porphyry (geology)|porphyry]] building and slightly newer porphyry building with display windows from 1896
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| * Dessauerstraße 6 – lordly villa with [[knee wall]], Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1870
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| * Dessauerstraße 7 – house; [[sandstone]]-framed brick building, about 1870
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| * Dessauerstraße 9 – former wine cellar; one-floor brick building with barge-rafter gable, 1891 (?)
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| * Dessauerstraße 31 – former tanner’s house; partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], about 1820
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| * Dessauerstraße 41 – Gründerzeit villa; two-and-a-half-floor building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1870, polygonal [[oriel window]] 1891
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| * Dessauerstraße 43 – Neoclassical villa, cube-shaped building with hip roof, about 1870; built behind it, a brick building, 1883, architect Friedrich Metzger
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| * Dessauerstraße 49 and 51 – former Puricelli-[[Schloss]]; two-and-a-half-floor [[Classicism|Classicist]] building with hip roof, 1772/1773, conversion after 1803, expansion 1861, built behind it, two-floor winged addition 1881; in the park, converted into a landscaped English garden in the 1890s, tomb of the Baroness of Gemmingen, 1820; end wall and gate, marked 1906; gatekeeper’s house, one-and-a-half-floor [[clinker brick]] building, about 1906
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| * Dr.-Alfons-Gamp-Straße 1 – [[rheumatism]] clinic; four-floor building typical of the time with hip roof with rounded side risalti, 1956/1957
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| * At Dr.-Alfons-Gamp-Straße 1 – former [[Freemasonry|Freemasons’]] [[Masonic Lodge|Lodge]]; villalike plastered building with two-floor "bell roof", 1925, architect Willibald Hamburger
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| * Dr.-Geisenheyner-Straße 3 – villalike house; cube-shaped tented-roof building, 1927, architect Peter Riedle, [[Rüdesheim am Rhein|Rüdesheim]]
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 6 – former [[inn]] and bathhouse; sophisticated two-wing building with hip roof and knee wall, 1850/1864
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 7 – two-and-a-half-floor house, [[sandstone]]-framed porphyry building, 1850/1859
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 8 – elegant house; cube-shaped building with hip roof, Classicist motifs, about 1870; addition 1889
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 10 – Gründerzeit villa; brick building with hip roof, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1889, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 12/14 – pair of semi-detached houses; sandstone-framed brick building with [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival motifs, 1890/1891, architects Brothers Lang
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 13 – villalike corner house and bathhouse; two-and-a-half-floor porphyry building with hip roof, one-floor addition with hip roof, 1850/1859
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 24 – house with bell-shaped [[spire light]], Renaissance Revival motifs, marked 1900
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 28 – villa; Neoclassical building with hip roof, 1870
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 28a/28b – pair of semi-detached villas; Historicized quarrystone, timber-frame and plastered building, 1902/1903, architects August Henke & Sohn
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 30 – villa with hip roof, about 1870, bay window 1895
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| * Dr.-Karl-Aschoff-Straße 32, Oranienstraße 5 – pair of semi-detached houses; spacious building with hip roof and knee wall, imitation-ancient and Classicist motifs, 1873/1874, architect Jacob Lang; characterizes street’s appearance
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| * Eichstraße 6 – two-and-a-half-floor house; brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1893/1894, architect August Henke
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| * Eiermarkt 1 – four-floor shophouse; Classicist plastered building, partly timber-frame, 1873/1874, architect August Henke, with older parts, cellar possibly about 1500
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| * Eiermarkt 2 – three-floor shophouse; Classicistically framed plastered building, 1887, architect Jacob Kossmann, timber-frame upper floors possibly from the 18th century; cellar about 1500 (?)
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| * Eiermarkt 3 – three-floor house; [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] building (plastered), after 1689, built behind it, wooden bridge to the next house
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| * Eiermarkt 4 – three-floor corner house; timber-frame building (plastered) with [[mansard roof]], after 1689, makeover in the 19th century; two older cellars (about 1500?)
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| [[File:Eiermarkt Kreuznach.JPG|thumb|Eiermarkt 8–11 (from left)]]
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| * Eiermarkt 8 – three-floor shophouse; plastered building, possibly from the 18th century; two cellars before 1689
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| * Eiermarkt 10 – three-floor shophouse; [[Renaissance architecture|Late Renaissance]] building, partly timber-frame (plastered); cellar about 1500 (?)
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| * Eiermarkt 10a – four-floor shophouse; essentially [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], partial makeover in 1888, architect Jacob Kossmann
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| * Eiermarkt 11 – three-floor shophouse with mansard roof, 18th century, Classicist makeover in the 19th century
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| * Eiermarkt 12 – three-floor Baroque timber-frame house (plastered), partial makeover in the 19th century
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| * Eiermarkt 13 – three-floor corner house; imposing [[porphyry (geology)|porphyry]] building, shortly after 1849, architect Johann Henke jun.; cellar about 1500 (?)
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| * Eiermarkt 14 – lordly, villalike [[townhouse]]; three-floor cube-shaped building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1862/1863, architect C. Conradi, conversion 1930/1931, architect Wilhelm Metzger; in the yard a Renaissance gate
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| * Forsthausweg 5 – spacious half-hip roof villa in corner location, 1926, architect Peter Riedle
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| * Franziska-Puricelli-Straße 3 – ''St. Franziskastift'' ("[[Frances of Rome|Saint Frances’s]] Foundation"); schloss-like [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]] building, 1909, architects Brothers Friedhofen, [[Koblenz]]-Lützel
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| * Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße 3 – sophisticated villa; building with mansard roof on irregular footprint, Baroque and Renaissance Revival motifs, 1908/1909, architect Kaspar Bauer
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| * Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße 5 – villa resembling a country house; plastered building on quarrystone pedestal, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1907/1908, architect Hermann Karl Herter
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| * Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße 6 – villa resembling a country house; plastered building, partly timber-frame, 1907/1908, architect Hans Best
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| * Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße 7 – villa resembling a country house; building with half-hip roof, 1912/1913, architect Jean Rheinstädter
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| * Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße 9/11 – pair of [[semi-detached]] villas resembling country houses with odd-shaped roofscape, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904/1905, architect Kaspar Bauer
| |
| * Friedrichstraße 4 – lordly villa on irregular footprint with hip and [[mansard roof]]s, Baroque Revival under [[Art Nouveau]] influence, 1903/1904, architect Jean Rheinstädter; terrace with [[Baluster|balustrade]], 1927, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Friedrichstraße 5 – two-and-a-half-floor villa; cube-shaped building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, about 1870
| |
| * Friedrichstraße 6 – three-floor corner house, Renaissance Revival, about 1870
| |
| * Friedrichstraße 8 – two-and-a-half-floor villa; cube-shaped building with hip roof, Classicist motifs, about 1870
| |
| * Geibstraße 1 – so-called "[[Observatory]]" (''Sternwarte''); two- or three-floor villa; brick-framed cube-shaped plastered building, [[New Objectivity (architecture)|New Objectivity]]
| |
| * Gerbergasse 3 – three-floor corner house, [[Gründerzeit]] clinker brick building, 1885/1886, architect Josef Pfeiffer
| |
| * Gerbergasse 5 – three-floor corner shophouse, Gründerzeit clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, 1885/1886, architect Josef Pfeiffer
| |
| * Gerbergasse 19 – Gründerzeit [[sandstone]]-framed house with [[knee wall]], partly brick-clad, marked 1889
| |
| * Gerbergasse 30 – [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house, partly plastered, 18th century (?)
| |
| * Göbenstraße 4/4a – three-and-a-half-floor [[terraced house]]s, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1904/1905, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Göbenstraße 6/6a – three-and-a-half-floor terraced houses, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1906, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Göbenstraße 8/10 – pair of semi-detached houses, three-part brick-framed plastered building, 1903, architect Peter Ziemer
| |
| * Goethestraße 2 – villalike house, cube-shaped building with hip roof, 1927/1928, architect Peter Riedle
| |
| * Goethestraße 4 – villalike house, one-and-a-half-floor plastered building with hip or mansard roof, 1925/1926, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Goethestraße 5 – villalike house, one- and two-floor building with hip roof, 1925/1926, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Goethestraße 7 – villalike house, plastered building with hip or mansard roof, 1925/1926, architect Rudolf Hassinger; front garden fencing from time of building
| |
| * Goethestraße 1–7, 9, Bühler Weg 8, 10, 12, Röntgenstraße 2/4, 6, 8, Pestalozzistraße 3–9, Waldemarstraße 21, 23, 25, 27 (monumental zone) <ref name="Kreisrecht"/>– villalike Historicized plastered buildings, mainly with hip roofs, some with mansard roofs, part of the town expansion at the Kuhberg out from the town centre in the 1920s
| |
| * Graf-Siegfried-Straße 8 – villalike house, building with hip roof, 1920s, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 11–15 – Public Lina-Hilger-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]; two- and three-floor buildings arranged at [[right angle]]s, between 1951 and 1975
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 31/33 – pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, [[Art Deco]] ornamentation, 1926, architect [[Engineer]] Düttermann
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 35/37 – pairs of semi-detached houses, Historicized and Art Deco motifs, 1927, architect Richard Starig
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 42/44, Steinkaut 1/2 – differentiated, individually shaped housing development with hip roofs, Renaissance Revival and Art Deco motifs, 1926, architect Jean Rheinstädter
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße/Lina-Hilger-Straße,<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 1/3, 5, 7, Lina-Hilgerstraße 1, 3/5 and Bosenheimer Straße 6 and 8 (monumental zone) – five [[Artificial stone|artificial-stone]]-framed buildings with hip roofs, 1925/1926, architect Johann Au, built as dwellings for junior officers
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 14, 16/18, 20/22, 24/26, 28 (monumental zone) – sophisticated residential buildings, three-floor buildings with hip roofs with two-floor [[Lobby (room)|lobbies]], 1926/1927, architect Hugo Völker, based on plans from 1919, architect Alexander Ackermann
| |
| * Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 14–30 (even numbers), 17–37 (odd numbers), Ringstraße 102–110 (even numbers), Jean-Winckler-Straße 2–20 (even numbers), Röntgenstraße 20–24 (even numbers), 25–35 (odd numbers) (monumental zone)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – various apartment blocks as well as detached and semi-detached villas in Historicized 1920s style with Heimatstil, [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]] and Neoclassical motifs, substantially from 1925/1926
| |
| * Gut Neuhof – three-sided estate; house, building with half-hip roof, about 1800, right-angled addition, 1905, further right-angled addition over [[Late Middle Ages|late mediaeval]] (?) cellars, commercial building from the mid 19th and early 20th centuries
| |
| * Güterbahnhofstraße 6 – house, Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1860, one-floor side building
| |
| * Güterbahnhofstraße 7 – house, Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1900
| |
| * Güterbahnhofstraße 9 – sophisticated two-and-a-half-floor house, Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1860, spacious side building
| |
| * Gymnasialstraße 11 – three-floor house, [[Classicism|Late Classicist]] building with hip roof, 1856
| |
| * Heinrichstraße 3 – sophisticated house, clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival and Baroque Revival motifs, 1898/1899, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Heinrichstraße 5 – lordly villa, brick building, Renaissance Revival, 1895/1896, architect Jean Rheinstädter
| |
| * Heinrichstraße 7/9 – pair of [[semi-detached]] villas resembling country houses, Historicized motifs, 1907/1908, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Heinrichstraße 11/11a – representative pair of semi-detached villas resembling country houses, 1908/1909, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Helenenstraße 5 – sophisticated clinker brick building with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival motifs, 1898/99, architect Jacob Kossmann
| |
| * Helenenstraße 7 – villalike house, Renaissance Revival and [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1903/1904, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Helenenstraße 8 – villalike house, cube-shaped brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904/1905, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Helenenstraße 9/11 – pair of semi-detached houses with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1906, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Helenenstraße 10 – house, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1905/1906, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Helenenstraße 12 – corner house with hip roof resembling a country house, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1906/1907, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Herlesweiden 1–14, Birkenweg 1–27 (odd numbers), Erlenweg 2, 4, 6, 7–14, Ulenweg 1–16, Alzeyer Straße 108–138 (even numbers), Pfalzstraße 13–35 (odd numbers),<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> Rheinstraße 38, 38a, 40–46 (even numbers) (monumental zone)– buildings, alike in shape but with varying dimensions, with hip roofs and front gardens, 1928/1929, architect Paul Gans, on the northwest corner the more sophisticated, slightly earlier built houses Rheinstraße 102 and Birkenweg 1
| |
| * Hochstraße 9 – former Hotel Adler; ten-axis four-floor building with hip roof, third fourth of the 19th century, Late Classicist façade partly altered (shop built in)
| |
| * Hochstraße 17 – three-floor corner house, post-Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, early 19th century
| |
| * Hochstraße 22a – three-floor shophouse, early 19th century; cellar older (no later than 16th century)
| |
| * Hochstraße 25 – three-winged complex with hip roofs, middle building late 18th century, side wings early 19th century; [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] portal of the former [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[church (building)|church]], 1632
| |
| * Hochstraße 30/32 – "''Gasthaus zum grünen Kranz''" ("[[Inn]] at the Green [[Wreath]]"); U-shaped complex; no. 30, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], marked 1601, no. 32, partly timber-frame, 19th century, joining wing early 20th century
| |
| * Hochstraße 34 – three-floor house, partly timber-frame (plastered), 18th or early 19th century
| |
| * Hochstraße 36 – "Stadt Koblenz" ("City of Koblenz") Inn; three-floor [[sandstone]]-framed clinker brick building, 1902, architect Fritz Wagner
| |
| * Hochstraße 42 – shophouse, Baroque building with hip roof, partly timber-frame, 1788
| |
| * Hochstraße 44 – Baroque shophouse, partly timber-frame, left half marked 1668, right half from the 18th century
| |
| * At Hochstraße 45 – [[Coat of arms|armorial]] stone from the former [[House of Leyen]] estate, marked 1553
| |
| * Hochstraße 46 – former Inn "''Zur weißen Taube''" ("At the White Dove"); three-floor shophouse with hip roof, ground floor partly before 1689, timber-frame upper floors (plastered) from the mid 18th century, open timber framing and loft 1902, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Hochstraße 48/50, Fischergasse 10 – [[townhouse]], former ''Hundheimer Hof''; Late Baroque building with hipped [[mansard roof]], 1715, [[Gründerzeit]] [[clinker brick]] addition about 1900, architect Friedrich Hartmann
| |
| * Hochstraße/corner of Stromberger Straße – town wall "''Schanz''" ("Redoubt"); in the former casino garden 30 m-long stretch of wall of the New Town fortification
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 1 – one- or two-and-a-half-floor house, brick building, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1889, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 2 – two-and-a-half-floor villa with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1877, architect Schiffer
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 3 – villalike house, representative brick building with hip roof, 1900/1901, architect Johann Arthur Otte, [[Berlin]]
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 4 – Gründerzeit villa, richly ornamented brick building, Renaissance Revival, 1890/1891, architects Curjel & Moser, [[Karlsruhe]]; wine cellar building 1890/1891, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 5 – representative one- and two-floor villa, broadly mounted Baroquified building with hip roof, 1922, architect Hans Best, [[retaining wall]] at side of garden 18th century
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 14 – former municipal [[Realschule]]; sophisticated three-part clinker brick building with mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1894 and years following, architect Friedrich Hartmann, [[gym]]nasium and caretaker’s house from time of building
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 22 – representative house in country house style, 1908/1909, architect Adolf Riekenberg, [[Darmstadt]]
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 32 – former "''Klein-Kinder-Schule''" ([[Preschool education|preschool]]); one-and-a-half-floor manorlike building with hipped mansard roof, 1905/1906, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 70 – former [[Hauptschule]]; representative, three- and four-floor clinker brick building with plastered surfaces, 1906, architect Friedrich Hartmann
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 74 – three-floor house, brick-framed plastered building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1905/1906, architect Karl Keller
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 76 – house, brick-framed plastered building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904, architect Karl Keller
| |
| * Hofgartenstraße 90 – imposing corner house, building with hip roof with oriel turret, 1907/1908, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| [[File:Stadtmauer Kreuznach.JPG|thumb|upright|Hospitalgasse – town wall]]
| |
| [[File:Kronenbergerhof.JPG|thumb|Hospitalgasse 4 and 6 – ''Kronberger Hof'']]
| |
| [[File:Wolfgangchor (kreuznach).JPG|thumb|upright|Hospitalgasse 6 – former Saint Wolfgang’s Monastery Church]]
| |
| * Hospitalgasse – town wall; 75 m-long stretch of wall of the Old Town fortification in the garden of what is now the [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]
| |
| * Hospitalgasse 4 and 6 – State Gymnasium and "''Kronberger Hof''"; four-wing complex of great dimensions; Gymnasium, north wing 1885, west wing 1912 and years following, extra floors after 1945; auditorium: Renaissance Revival, 1900/1901, architects Kallmeyer and J. Hensch; "''Kronberger Hof''", former castle house: building with half-hip roof, about 1600
| |
| * Hospitalgasse 6 – former [[Wolfgang of Regensburg|Saint Wolfgang’s]] Monastery Church (''Klosterkirche St. Wolfgang''); [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] quire, quarrystone, 1742; incorporated into new building at Gymnasium
| |
| * Hüffelsheimer Straße 1, 3, 5 – former Puricelli landhold, so-called ''Gütchen'' ("Little Estate"); three-wing complex, main building [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] building with mansard roof, wings possibly from the early 19th century; Gründerzeit doorman’s cabin, 1900, Renaissance Revival gate complex; commercial and administrative building, sophisticated brick building, 1902; long, stately carriage shed with decorative timber framing, 1903; scales, brick building, about 1898; "''Römerhalle''" ("Romans’ Hall"), 1898, architect Christian Hacke
| |
| * Im Hasenbühl 14 – villalike house with hip roof, 1939, architect Jean Rheinstädter
| |
| * Jahngasse 2 – castle house of the "''Stumpfer Hof''"; three-floor Baroque plastered building, partly timber-frame (plastered), 17th century (?); [[Late Middle Ages|late mediaeval]] wall remnants
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 4 – bungalow, wood-clad timber-frame building with mansard roof, 1924
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 6 – bungalow, "''Halbmassivhaus System Schwarz''", 1924/1925
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 8 – villalike house, 1925, architect Wilhelm Förster
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 10/12 – three-part pair of semi-detached villalike houses, 1925/1926, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 18 – house with hip roof, [[Art Deco]] motifs, 1926/1927, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Jean-Winckler-Straße 20, Röntgenstraße 35 – pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, Art Deco motifs, 1926/1927, architect Düttermann, [[Düsseldorf]]
| |
| * Johannisstraße 8 – corner house with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1896/1897, architect Rudolf Frey
| |
| * Johannisstraße 9 – two-and-a-half-floor house, sandstone-framed plastered building, 1905/1906, architect Peter Monz
| |
| * Jungstraße 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 (monumental zone)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – six three-floor tenements, clinker brick buildings, Renaissance Revival, 1893 and years following, Architects Brothers Lang; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 2 – sophisticated Late Classicist plastered building, possibly 1850, architect J. Müller
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 4 – lordly villa with [[knee wall]] and hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1860, architect C. Conradi
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 7 – in town library’s new building a [[bronze]] [[bust (sculpture)|bust]] of [[:de:Gustav Pfarrius|Gustav Pfarrius]], 1898 by Hugo Cauer; former garden pavilion, imitation-ancient columned hall, 1850/1860
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 10 – three-floor shophouse with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1868/1869
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 11b – three-floor terraced house with open front buildings, about 1860
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 11 – retail pavilion at the edge of the spa park, early 20th century
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 14 – former "''Bade- und Logierhaus''" ("Bathing and Lodging House"); three-and-a-half-floor Late Classicist building with hip roof, 1865 architect possibly Johann Pfeiffer
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 18 – Gründerzeit villa with hip roof, 1899/1900, architect August Henke
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 21 – former "''Bade- und Logierhaus''" ("Bathing and Lodging House"), three-floor house with knee wall and hip roof, imitation-ancient and Renaissance Revival motifs, 1865/1866, architect Ludwig Bohnstedt
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 26 – villa with mansard roof, Late Classicist motifs, about 1870, [[veranda]] addition with stained glass windows from 1905
| |
| * Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 28 – sophisticated villalike house with hip roof, rooftop terrace, 1877/1878, architect R. Wagener, [[staircase tower]] 1891
| |
| * Kilianstraße 15 – Classicist corner house, 1875, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Kirschsteinanlage – [[watergate (architecture)|watergate]]; town wall remnant with twin watergates of the Old Town fortifications and addition of the former ''Pulverturm'' ("Powder Tower")
| |
| * Klappergasse – ''Klappertorturm'' (gate tower); in the wall running parallel to the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe’s]] bank a pedestal remnant of the ''Klappertorturm'' of the town fortifications, wall fragment at the Kauzenberg (hill)
| |
| * Kornmarkt 2 – three-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse, three-window house, about 1865; cellar about 1600
| |
| [[File:Wilhelmskirche in Bad Kreuznach.JPG|thumb|upright|At Kornmarkt 5 – tower of the former Lutheran ''Wilhelmskirche'']]
| |
| * (zu) Kornmarkt 5 – tower of the former Lutheran ''Wilhelmskirche'' (William’s Church); quarrystone or [[sandstone]]-block wallwork, [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] bell floor, after 1862
| |
| * Kornmarkt 6 – lordly corner shophouse, three-floor Gründerzeit clinker brick building with hipped [[mansard roof]], 1894/1895, architects Curjel & Moser, Karlsruhe
| |
| * Kornmarkt 7 – [[hotel]] and [[inn]], spacious, essentially [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building, 18th century, mansard roof and [[spire light]] 1899, architects Curjel & Moser, Karlsruhe
| |
| * Kreuzstraße 2a/b, Wilhelmstraße 30 – three-floor shophouse, Late Gründerzeit clinker brick building with mansard roof, 1898/1899, architects Philipp and Jean Hassinger, expanded 1932
| |
| * Kreuzstraße 69 – former ''Karl-Geib-Museum'', originally an [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[school]]house; sophisticated porphyry building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1850/1851, architect Overbeck; in the front garden "Pfalzsprung", two Baroque [[stele]]s with [[relief]]s
| |
| * Kreuzstraße 76 – villalike house, imitation-ancient-framed brick building, 1882 (?)
| |
| * Kreuzstraße 78/80 – pair of semi-detached houses, [[porphyry (geology)|porphyry]] quarrystone building, 1847/1864
| |
| * Kurhausstraße – monument to [[:de:Johann Erhard Prieger|J. E. P. Prieger]], lifesize [[marble]] [[sculpture]], 1867, Karl Cauer
| |
| * Kurhausstraße – monument to F. Müller; monolith with medallion, 1905, Stanislaus Cauer
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 5 – house; plastered building on porphyry pedestal, about 1860, glazed [[oriel window]] 1911; built behind it, a brick building, 1891, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 8 – [[Art Nouveau]] villa with Renaissance Revival motifs, 1903/1904, architect Hans Best
| |
| <!--* Kurhausstraße 11 – three-floor Classicist shophouse, shortly before 1850 – Foregoing appears on de:WP but not in source.-->
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 12 – three-floor tenement, 1845/1846
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 13 – lordly four-floor Classicist shophouse, 1840/1841, architect H. T. Kaufmann, [[tracery]] [[balcony]] 1880s; in the yard one-floor plastered building, 1880/1881, architect August Heinke Jun.
| |
| <!--* Kurhausstraße 14 – former inn and bathhouse; sophisticated three-floor Classicist plastered building, about 1850, architect apparently [[Paul Wallot]] – Foregoing appears on de:WP but not in source.-->
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 17 – former inn and bathhouse; three-floor Classicist three-wing complex; middle building 1833, extra floors and expansion early 1860s; in the yard plastered building from time of complex’s building; at the end of the garden two-and-a-half-floor [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house, about 1860
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 21 – four-floor, two-part shophouse with hip roof, Classicist motifs, about 1850; bridge to the bathhouse 1911/1912
| |
| [[File:Bäderhaus Kreuznach.jpg|thumb|Kurhausstraße 23 – bathhouse]]
| |
| [[File:Parkhotel Kreuznach Seite.jpg|thumb|Kurhausstraße 28 – spa house]]
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 23 – bathhouse; [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]]-Neoclassical four-wing complex with hip roofs, 1911/1912, architect Oscar Schütz, [[Cologne]]; three-floor middle building, two-floor wings, sculpture and reliefs by Ludwig Cauer
| |
| * Kurhausstraße 28 – spa house; schloss-like four-wing complex, 1913, architect [[:de:Emanuel von Seidl|Emanuel von Seidl]], [[Munich]], three-floor expansion building, 1929, architect Roth, Darmstadt; spa park
| |
| * Spa park (monumental zone) – laid out beginning in 1840, [[English landscape garden|English garden]] with old buildings; therein spa house (see Kurhaustraße 28), before it round music pavilion, bronze figure of the "Grape Maid", Hanna Cauer, 1950; at the south point ''Elisabethenquelle'' ([[spring (hydrology)|spring]]): open pump room above the spring with flanking open-air steps and platform, 1880s
| |
| * Lämmergasse 5 – two-part [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] corner house, partly timber-frame, after 1689; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Lämmergasse 9/11 – shophouse, partly timber-frame, staircase tower, essentially from the 15th or 16th century, no. 9 has three floors
| |
| * Lämmergasse 13 – solid building with mighty half-hip roof, possibly from the late 18th century
| |
| * Lämmergasse 26 – corner shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), possibly from the 18th century, makeover 1890; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Lämmergasse 28 – spacious, essentially Baroque house, partly timber-frame (plastered), marked 1779, conversion 1861; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Lämmergasse 34 – corner house, plastered timber-frame building, about or soon after 1700; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Lauergasse 5 – two-and-a-half-floor, plastered timber-frame house, partly slated, late 18th or early 19th century; part of the so-called Little Venice (''Kleines Venedig'')
| |
| * Lauergasse 9 – picturesque, plastered timber-frame house, 19th century
| |
| * Lauergasse 11 – house, [[Gründerzeit]] [[brick]] building, 1885, architect Eduard Zimmermann
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse – ''Fischerpforte'' ("Fishermen’s Gate"); part of the New Town fortifications: riverbank fortification with an opening to the Ellerbach
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 2 – three-floor three-window house, mid 19th century; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 4 – three-floor four-window house, plastered timber-frame building, later 18th century; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 6 – three-floor three-window house, plastered timber-frame building, late 18th century, front wings 1890; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 9 – three-floor house on irregular footprint, partly timber-frame, early 19th century
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 15/17 – pair of semi-detached houses, plastered timber-frame buildings, possibly from the 18th century, no. 17 partly altered in 1894; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 21 – terraced house, partly timber-frame (plastered), early 19th century
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 24 – former town barrel gauge; house, plastered timber-frame building, half-hip roof, 18th century; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 25 – former ''Elt’scher Hof'' (estate); spacious house, [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building with half-hip roof over old ([[Middle Ages|mediaeval]]?) cellar, gateway 1821, marked 1604 (?)
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 28 – three-floor terraced house, partly timber-frame (plastered), about 1800 with older parts, shop built in, 1896; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 30 – three-floor terraced house, partly timber-frame (plastered), about 1800; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 46 – three-floor plastered building, ground floor solid, both upper floors plastered [[timber framing]]
| |
| [[File:Faust-Haus Kreuznach.jpg|thumb|upright|Magister-Faust-Gasse 47 – so-called ''Dr.-Faust-Haus'']]
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 47 – so-called ''Dr.-Faust-Haus''; shophouse, open timber framing possibly from 1764, half-hip roof, cellar marked 1590
| |
| * Magister-Faust-Gasse 48 – three-floor plastered timber-frame building with solid ground floor
| |
| [[File:Alte Nahebrücke, Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Mannheimer Straße – ''Alte Nahebrücke'' looking upstream towards the northeast]]
| |
| [[File:Brueckenhaeuser Kreuznach 1.jpg|thumb|Mannheimer Straße – ''Alte Nahebrücke'' looking downstream towards the southwest; in the background the tower of the ''Pauluskirche'']]
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße – ''Alte Nahebrücke'' ("Old Nahe Bridge"); crosses the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]], the Badewörth (bathing island) and the millpond, about 1300, altered several times
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße, graveyard (monumental zone) – laid out in 1827, since 1918 expanded several times, area divided into rectangular parcels with specially fenced-in graveyards of honour and special memorial places; old graveyard [[chapel]], Historicized [[octagon]]al building, after 1843; Puricelli Chapel, [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] red-[[sandstone]]-block building with appointments from time of building, 1895, architect Ludwig Becker; many tombs, some created by the sculptor family Cauer, latter half of the 19th century and earlier half of the 20th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 6 – ''Dienheimer Hof'' (estate); [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] building, 1563, three-floor Classicist addition, early 19th century (?)
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 12 – "''Gottschalk des Juden Haus''" ("Gottschalk the Jew’s House"); three-floor corner shophouse, building complex in several parts, partly from the 16th century, joined together in the 18th century by building further floors
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 15 – stately three-floor shophouse, Classicist quarrystone building with hip roof, 1884
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 16 – three-floor shophouse, [[Baroque architecture|Late Baroque]] [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] building; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 17 – three-floor shophouse, plastered timber-frame building with hip roof, 18th century, shop built in about 1897; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 19 – three-floor shophouse, plastered timber-frame building with [[mansard roof]], 18th century, shop built in, 1904
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 21 – three-and-a-half-floor shophouse, Late Classicist motifs, possibly from the third fourth of the 19th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 22 – three-floor shophouse, plastered timber-frame building with hip roof, marked 1764 and 1864 (Classicist conversion); two cellars before 1689
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 27 – three-floor corner shophouse, plastered timber-frame building, 18th century; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 29 – three-floor corner shophouse, Late Baroque, board-clad timber-frame building
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 32, 34, 36 – no. 32 three-floor shophouse, timber-frame building, 17th century (?), no. 34 plastered timber-frame building, no. 36 partly timber-frame
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 35 – ''Löwenapotheke'' (pharmacy), shophouse, imposing Renaissance Revival building, 1853, upper floor with hip roof 1950, architect Max Weber
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 39 and 41 – four-floor shophouses, timber-frame buildings, late 18th century, made over in the [[Classicism|Classicist]] style in the 19th century and plastered, no. 39 over cellar before 1689; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * In Mannheimer Straße 40 – three-floor [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] spiral staircase
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 43 – bridge house; three-floor corner shophouse, partly [[marble]], 1849; part of the so-called Little Venice (''Kleines Venedig'')
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 45 – bridge house; three-floor terrace shophouse, plastered timber-frame building with mansard roof, 18th or 19th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 47 – three-floor corner shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), hip roof, 18th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 49 – three-floor corner shophouse, clinker brick building, 1905, architects Henke & Sohn
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 52 and 54 – four-floor Late Baroque shophouses, partly timber-frame (plastered), latter half of the 18th century; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 53/55 – three-floor Late Baroque pair of semi-detached houses, 18th century, Classicist makeover in the 19th century; cellar possibly from about 1500
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 56 – three-floor terrace shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), latter half of the 18th century, addition on [[corbel]]s; part of the so-called Little Venice
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 60 – three-floor shophouse, plastered timber-frame building with hip roof, 18th century; older cellar
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 62 – biaxial shophouse, partly timber-frame, marked 1671, [[mansard roof]] 18th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 64 – four-floor shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), latter half of the 18th century; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 66 – three-floor plastered timber-frame buildings with mansard roofs, conversion in the 19th and 20th centuries
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 68 – four-floor [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house (sided), 18th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 69/71 – bridge house, building with half-hip roof, partly timber-frame plastered and slated, essentially before 1618; built behind it, four-floor cross-building with [[crow-stepped gable]]s, 1933 and years following, architect Fr. K. Rheinstädter
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 77, Mühlenstraße 2 – three-floor shophouse, partly decorative timber framing, about 1600, mansard roof about 1700; Mühlenstraße 2 from the same time
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 78 – three-floor terrace shophouse, possibly after 1689, [[clinker brick]] façade 1895, architect Fr. K. Rheinstädter; older cellar
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 88, Kurhausstraße 1 – former ''Schwanenapotheke'' (pharmacy); two- and three-floor shophouse, sophisticated [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] building, 1903, architect Hans Best
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| [[File:BadKreuznachMannheimerstrasse90.jpg|thumb|Mannheimer Straße 90 – Bridge house]]
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| * Mannheimer Straße 90 – bridge house; shophouse with mansard roof, 1829
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 91 – four-floor shophouse, sophisticated [[Historicism (art)|Late Historicist]] plastered building, 1903, architect Kaspar Bauer; older cellar
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 92 – bridge house; two- and four-floor plastered building, essentially from 1595, expansion in 1867, makeover in 1890, architect Wilhelm Metzger
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| * Mannheimer Straße 94 – bridge house; three-floor timber-frame building, plastered and slated, 1609
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 96 – bridge house; broadly mounted plastered timber-frame building, 1612
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 99 – terrace shophouse, [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building with [[mansard roof]], 18th century
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 101 – terrace shophouse, Baroque building with mansard roof, 18th century
| |
| * At Mannheimer Straße 114 – [[bronze]] insignia with [[bust (sculpture)|bust]] of [[Generalfeldmarschall|Field Marshal]] [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]]
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 128 – ''Einhornapotheke'' (pharmacy); three-floor brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1883, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 130 – four-floor corner shophouse, Renaissance Revival and [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1905/1906, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 198/198a – axially symmetrical pair of semi-detached shophouses, Gründerzeit clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, 1896/1897, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 209 – corner house, brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1889/1890, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 230 – three-floor corner shophouse, brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1898, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 232/232a – three-floor house, clinker brick building with mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1900/1901, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 240 – three-floor terraced house, clinker brick building, Renaissance Revival, 1899, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 254 – villalike house, building with mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, 1900 architect possibly Hermann Herter
| |
| * Mannheimer Straße 256 – villalike house, building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1902/1903, architect Hermann Herter
| |
| * Manteuffelstraße 1, Prinz-Friedrich-Karl-Straße 2 – pair of semi-detached houses with half-hip roof, Classicist, Heimatstil and [[Art Deco]] motifs, 1921/1922, architect Wilhelm Koban, [[Darmstadt]]
| |
| * Manteuffelstraße 3 – lordly villa, [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]] building with hip roof, 1925/1926, architect Richard Starig; templelike garage, garden hut
| |
| * Mathildenstraße 1 – two-and-a-half-floor corner house, brick building with plastered surfaces, 1903, architects August Henke & Sohn; stable, one-floor building with hip roof, 1904
| |
| * Mathildenstraße 4, 6, 8, 10 (monumental zone)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – tenements, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1904, architects August Henke & Sohn
| |
| * Matthäushof 2 – former Herf [[winegrowing]] estate; corner building with mansard roof, about 1780; at the south [[Avant-corps|risalto]] fragments of the previous, [[Late Middle Ages|late mediaeval]] building
| |
| * Metzgergasse 12 – essentially Baroque pair of semi-detached houses, partly timber-frame (plastered), conversion about 1800
| |
| * Metzgergasse 16 – house, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], 17th or 18th century
| |
| * Mittlerer Flurweg 2/4 – pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, [[Art Deco]] motifs, 1925, architect Düttermann
| |
| * Mittlerer Flurweg 6/8 – pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, Art Deco motifs, 1925, architect Düttermann
| |
| * Mittlerer Flurweg 18/20 – pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, Art Deco motifs, 1925, architect Düttermann
| |
| * Mittlerer Flurweg 30/32, Rheinstraße 16 – long corner house with hip roof, 1930/1931, architect Karl Heep
| |
| * Moltkestraße 3 – villa, cube-shaped building with hip roof, 1913/1914, architect Hans Best, Neoclassical front wings 1939
| |
| * Moltkestraße 6 – villa with hip roof, outdoor staircase, 1914/1915, architect Willibald Hamburger
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 5 – three-floor shophouse, [[Historicism (art)|Late Historicist]] two-wing access way, 1881/1882, architect R. Wagner
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 7 – shophouse, apparently essentially from about 1600, shop built in in<!--NOT a mistake!--> mid 19th century
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 8 – three-floor shophouse, partly timber-frame, (plastered), 18th century
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 10 – long house-[[inn]], conversion with Neoclassical motifs, 1897, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 11 – long shophouse, possibly from about 1800, shops built in in<!--NOT a mistake!--> 19th century
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 21 – former ''Mehlwaage'' ("Flour Scales"); building with [[mansard roof]], partly timber-frame (plastered), mid 18th century <ref>[http://www.mehlwaage-kh.de Homepage des Fördervereins, abgerufen am 20. Januar 2013]</ref>
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 23/25, 32/34 – former ''Tress’sche Mühle'' (mill); three-floor building complex, marked 1816, partly dismantled 1898/1899, conversion 1942/1943, architect Max Weber
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 33 – three-window house, brick building, latter half of the 19th century
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 37 – former [[Reichsbank]]; three-floor corner building, representative Baroquified [[sandstone]]-block building with hipped mansard roof, 1901/1902, architects Curjel & Moser, [[Karlsruhe]]
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 78 – Brothers Holz’s former furniture factory and [[Cabinetry|cabinetmaker’s]] workshop; spacious three-floor brick building with hip roof, about 1880
| |
| * Mühlenstraße 84 – sophisticated brick building, Renaissance Revival, 1891/1892, architect Philipp Hassinger
| |
| * Nachtigallenweg 2 – ''Hotel Quellenhof''; three-part building with hip roof with three-floor middle part, 1912/1913, architect Hugo Völker
| |
| * Neufelder Weg 65 – villa, artificial-stone-framed building with hip roof, 1930/1931, architect Hans Best & Co
| |
| * Neufelder Weg 67 – villalike house on L-shaped footprint, hip roof, 1920s
| |
| * Neufelder Weg 79 – imposing villa with hip roof, 1929, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Neufelder Weg 9/11, 13/15, 17/19 (monumental zone) – mirror-image pairs of semi-detached bungalows with hip roofs, in front gardens<!--Something is definitely missing from the source here.-->, 1927/1928, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Obere Flotz 4, 6–29, Mittlerer Flurweg 27, 34, Waldemarstraße 51 (monumental zone) – residential buildings built in two building sections, typical for the time, with front gardens and yards; three varied type buildings with Historicized and Heimatstil motifs, 1926/1927, architect Jean Rheinstädter; blocklike, ornamentally framed, major residential buildings, 1929/1930, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Oligsberg 5, 6, 11/12, Mittlerer Flurweg 10/12, 14/16, Waldemarstraße 29/31, 33/35<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – residential development for officers of the [[France|French]] [[Military occupation|occupation]]; five pairs of [[semi-detached]] houses and two fully detached houses arranged symmetrically around a grassy area, Artificial-stone-framed buildings with hip roofs, entrance [[Avant-corps|risalti]] with [[Art Deco]] motifs, gardens, 1912, architect Wilhelm Koban, Darmstadt
| |
| * Oranienpark (monumental zone) – almost square park within Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße, Salinenstraße, Oranienstraße and Weinkauffstraße; laid out in two terraces in 1934: upper terrace in forms of the [[French Baroque architecture|French Baroque]], lower terrace as landscape park; former [[watertower]], Classicist plastered building, about 1830; warriors’ memorial 1870/1871, [[Corinthian order|Corinthian column]] with round shield; [[bronze]] figure of a "''Schwebende Göttin''" ("Floating Goddess"), H. Cauer, 1939
| |
| * Oranienstraße 3 – spacious three-floor house with addition on the back, Classicist motifs, 1876/1877, architect J. Lang
| |
| * Oranienstraße 4a – Gründerzeit villa, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], 1903/1904, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 7, Salinenstraße 75 – three-floor pair of semi-detached villas with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1902/1903, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 10/12 – villalike pair of semi-detached houses with hip roof, [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1905/1906, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 13/15 – villalike pair of semi-detached houses, clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, 1903/1904, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 14 – elaborate villa resembling a country house, 1906, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 17 – villalike house with hip roof, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1905/1906, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Oranienstraße 19 – villalike house with odd-shaped roofscape, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904/1905, architect Peter Kreuz (?)
| |
| * Pestalozzistraße 4, 6, 8 – one-floor buildings with [[mansard roof]]s, 1925/1926, architect Karl Heep
| |
| * Pestalozzistraße 5 – one-floor villa, partly hipped mansard roof, 1926/1927, architect Martin Au
| |
| * Pestalozzistraße 9 – villalike house with hip roof, 1926, architect Peter Riedle
| |
| * "''Pfeffermühlchen''" ("Little Peppermill") – Part of the town fortifications on the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe’s]] bank; the pedestal of the ''Stumpfer Turm'' ("Stub Tower") at the point where the Ellerbach empties into the Nahe walled up in 1845 and Baroquified roof cap added
| |
| * Pfingstwiese 7/7a – house with wine cellar, brick building with hip roof, 1906/1907, architect C. W. Kron
| |
| * Philippstraße 3 – two-and-a-half-floor corner house, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1900/01, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Philippstraße 5 – corner house, yellow clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1895/1896, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Philippstraße 6 – lordly villa with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1900/1901
| |
| * Philippstraße 8 – villalike building with hipped mansard roof, corner tower with [[loggia]], Renaissance Revival motifs, 1900/1901, architect Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Philippstraße 9 – house, clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1906/1907, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Philippstraße 10 – villalike house, sophisticated building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, marked 1902, architect possibly Heinrich Müller
| |
| * Planiger Straße 4 – [[primary school]]; Late Classicist [[porphyry (geology)|porphyry]]-block building with hip roof, 1870
| |
| * Planiger Straße 15/15a – three-floor [[sandstone]]-framed plastered buildings, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1908/1909, architect Kaspar Bauer; no. 15 with towerlike [[oriel window]], 15a with middle risalto; characterizes square’s appearance
| |
| * Planiger Straße 27 – two-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse with wine cellar buildings, clinker brick building with hip roof, 1896/1897, architect August Henke
| |
| * Planiger Straße 147 – Seitz-Ensinger-Noll-Maschinenbau [[Aktiengesellschaft|AG’s]] factory complex; sophisticated three-and-a-half-floor Neoclassical building with hip roof, 1911, architect Hans Best, expansion in 1912; one-floor building with [[saw-tooth roof]], 1928/1929, architect Erwin Hahn
| |
| * Planiger Straße 69, 71/73, 75/77 (monumental zone) – small residential development of two-and-a-half- and three-and-a-half-floor [[Multi-family residential|multi-family dwellings]], brick buildings with gable risalti, 1880–1895, architect Johann Au
| |
| * Poststraße 7 – former town scrivener’s office; three-floor Renaissance building, partly decorative [[timber framing]], half-hip roof, 1540; shop built in and plastered façade 19th century
| |
| * Poststraße 8 – spacious shophouse; three-floor building with hip roof, partly timber-frame (plastered), shopping arcades, mid 19th century
| |
| * Poststraße 11 – three-floor five-axis timber-frame building (plastered), partly solid, 18th century
| |
| * Poststraße 15 – terrace shophouse; timber-frame building (plastered), possibly before end of the 18th century; cellar older
| |
| * Poststraße 17 – three-floor, two-part shophouse, partly timber-frame; three-window house, mid 19th century, conversion and expansion in 1899/1900, architect Hans Best; cellar older
| |
| * Poststraße 21 – former castle house "''Zum Braunshorn''"; three-floor building with mansard roof, partly timber-frame (plastered), essentially about 1573 (stairway thus marked), further floors and renovation possibly in the 18th century
| |
| [[File:Priegerpromenade Kreuznach 2008.jpg|thumb|Priegerpromenade 1 and 3]]
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 1 – representative [[Historicism (art)|Historicist]] villa with hip roof, marked 1895/1896, architect Wilhelm Jost, [[Berlin]]
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 3 – spacious Art Nouveau villa with motifs from [[castle]] architecture, 1906/1907, architect Peter Kreuz
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 7 – lordly villa, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] and Art Nouveau motifs, twin-tower-gateway complex, 1906/1907, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 9 – lordly villa resembling a country house, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1905, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 17 – former "''Logier- und Badehaus''" ("Lodging and Bathing House"); lordly three-and-a-half-floor Neoclassical building with hip roof, about 1870, architect Ludwig Bohnstedt
| |
| * Priegerpromenade 21 – ''Villa Elisa'', imposing two-and-a-half-floor plastered building on asymmetrical footprint, staircase tower, about 1870
| |
| * Prinz-Friedrich-Karl-Straße 4 – villa, large-size divided building with hip roof, 1916/1917, architect Willibald Hamburger
| |
| * Raugrafenstraße 2 – villa, cube-shaped building with hip roof, 1927/1928, architect Wolfgang Goecke
| |
| * Raugrafenstraße 4 – small villa, cube-shaped building with hip roof, 1927/1928, architect Paul Gans
| |
| * Reitschule 12 – house with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1903/1904, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Reitschule 14 – villalike house with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1903, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Reitschule 16 – spacious villa with hip roof and rooftop tower, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1903, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Reitschule 17/19 – pair of semi-detached houses in country house style, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1898, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Reitschule 21 – house, brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1901, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße – so-called ''Kuhtempel'' ("Cow Temple"), Classicist lookout pavilion, shortly before 1840
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 1 – sculptor family Cauer’s house, Classicist plastered building, 1839, small studio building, 1901, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 1a – house, Renaissance Revival building, 1901/1902, architect Jean Rheinstädter
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 2 – former district building office; villalike official building, [[Historicism (art)|Late Historicist]] building with hipped [[mansard roof]], 1905/1906, architect Jacob Damm
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 3 – sophisticated house with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1903/1904, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 5 – sophisticated corner house, brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1895, Architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 15 – Gründerzeit villa, brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, marked 1889, architect Philipp Hassinger; wine cellar building from same time
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 19/19a – plastered buildings, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], segmented hip roof, 1900/1901, architect Kaspar Bauer
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 27, Graf-Siegfried-Straße 1/3 – three-house block with officers’ dwellings, 1912/1913, architect Wilhelm Koban, Darmstadt
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 34 – lordly villa with hipped mansard roof and corner tower, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1902, architect Jacob Metzger
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 35 – lordly villa, corner tower with tented roof, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1903/1904, architect Hans Best; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 36 – villa in country house style, 1908/1909, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 37 – representative villa in country house style, one-floor plastered building with roof expanded into two floors, 1905/1906, architect Hans Weszkalnys, [[Saarbrücken]]
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 38 – villa resembling a country house, spacious plastered building with gable and hip roof, 1921, architect Alexander Ackermann
| |
| * Rheingrafenstraße 46 – villa with hip roof, timber framing with clinker brick, 1935, architect [[Paul Schmitthenner]], [[Stuttgart]]
| |
| * Ringstraße 82/84/86 and 88/90/92<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – two groups of two-and-a-half-floor houses, 1898/1899, architects Philipp and Jean Hassinger, two-colour brick buildings on porphyry pedestals
| |
| * Ringstraße 94/96 – pair of semi-detached houses, clinker brick building with hipped mansard roof, Renaissance Revival, marked 1899, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Ringstraße 112 – [[primary school]] and [[Hauptschule]]; three-floor building with mansard roof, [[Art Deco]] motifs, 1926 and years following, architect Willibald Hamburger; caretaker’s house from time of building
| |
| * Ringstraße 102/104, 106/108/110, Gustav-Pfarrius-Str. 14,17 and Jean-Winckler-Str. 2 (monumental zone) – whole complex of buildings; two like-shaped groups of houses, buildings with hip roofs joined by three-floor staircase towers, 1926/1927, architect Hugo Völker
| |
| [[File:Bad Kreuznach Diakoniekirche.JPG|thumb|Deaconry institutions]]
| |
| * Ringstraße 58, Graf-Friedrich-Straße15, Waldemarstraße 24, [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] Deaconry institutions<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – building complex in the park put together beginning in 1897, Gothicized sandstone and brick buildings (first building section), architect Friedrich Langenbach, [[Barmen]]; 1912-1954 matching additional buildings, architect Willibald Hamburger
| |
| * Römerstraße 1 – three-floor corner shophouse, sophisticated Gründerzeit building, marked 1905
| |
| * Römerstraße 1a – narrow three-floor Art Nouveau building, about 1900
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 6 – villa with hipped mansard roof, 1926/1927, architect Karl Heep
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 16 – house with gable or mansard roof, barge-rafter gable, 1907/1908, architect Gustav Ziemer, [[Düsseldorf]]
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 20, Gustav-Pfarrius-Straße 30 – pair of semi-detached houses; building with hip roof on [[brick]] pedestal, 1935, architect [[:de: Karl Schneider (Architekt)|Karl Schneider]]
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 22/24 – pair of semi-detached houses; building with hip roof with slate-clad corner oriels, 1927/1928, architect Richard Starig
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 25, 27, 29, 31 – group of buildings made up of four small two-floor single-family houses, buildings with hip roofs with gable [[Avant-corps|risalti]], 1925/1926, architect Hugo Völker
| |
| * Röntgenstraße 33 – villalike house, cube-shaped building with hip roof, 1926/1927, architect Conrad Schneider; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Roonstraße 3 – villa with mansardlike stepped hip roof, 1916/1917, architect Philipp Hassinger
| |
| * Rosengarten 2 – [[Hauptschule]]; [[Gründerzeit]] brick building with hip roofs, 1898 and years following, architect Friedrich Hartmann
| |
| * Roseninsel (monumental zone) – spa-related greenspace on the Nahe’s bank along Priegerpromenade; pavilion above the disused ''Oranienquelle'' ([[spring (hydrology)|spring]]), 1916; so-called ''Milchhäuschen'' ("Little Milk House"), crenellated turret, 19th century; [[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]] Monument, Hugo Cauer, 1897 (moved from the Kornmarkt after 1945); so-called "''Durstgruppe''" ("Thirst Group"), Ludwig Cauer, 1892
| |
| * Roßstraße 6 – former "''Maison Bold''"; shophouse, Classicist plastered building, about 1850
| |
| * Roßstraße 25 – Gründerzeit corner house, building with hip roof and [[knee wall]], Renaissance Revival motifs, 1881/1882, architect J. Schaeffer; cellar about 1600
| |
| * Roßstraße 33 – former [[inn]]; three-floor plastered building with imitation-ancient [[ornament (art)|ornament]], about 1860
| |
| * Roßstraße 35 – three-floor Classicistically structured house, about 1860
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 11 – villa with knee wall, country house style, soon after 1900
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 21 – sophisticatedly structured house, about 1850
| |
| <!--* Rüdesheimer Straße 22 – Classicist corner house with knee wall, about 1850 – Foregoing appears on de:WP but not in source.-->
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 38 – house, Classicistically structured brick building, early 1870s
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 46, 48 and 50 – three-part corner shophouse, [[Historicism (art)|Historicist]] brick building with mansard roof, 1906/1907, architect Fritz Wagner
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 52 – corner shophouse, Historicist brick building with mansard roof, 1907, architect Joseph Reuther
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 58 – Gründerzeit corner house, brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1891/1892, architect Karl Keller
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 60–68 (even numbers)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – ''Landes-Lehr- and Versuchsanstalt für Weinbau, Gartenbau and Landwirtschaft'' ("State Teaching and Experimental Institute for [[Winegrowing]], [[Gardening]] and [[Agriculture]]"); no. 68 brick building with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival motifs, 1900, in the garden warriors’ memorial 1914/1918; wine cellar building from the same time and in the same style; packing and shipping house, about 1920; no. 62 clinker brick building, 1896; no. 60 Baroquified building with mansard roof, 1910/1911
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 74 – Historicized terraced house with gateway, brick building with mansard roof, 1903/1904, architect Joseph Buther
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 86 – house, about 1860; winepress house, 1888, architect Philipp Hassinger; worker’s house with stable, 1893, architect Johann Henke
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 87 – villa and wine cellar building, lordly plastered building with hip roofs, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1894/1895, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Rüdesheimer Straße 95–127 (odd numbers)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – semicircular building complex with gardens, [[spire light]] gable two floors tall in the middle, [[Lobby (room)|lobbies]] with polygonal oriels, 1924 and years following, architect Hugo Völker
| |
| * Saline Karlshalle 3, 4, 6, 7 – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] bungalows, plastered [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] buildings (except no. 4), no. 7 marked 1732
| |
| * Saline Karlshalle 8 – former ''Sudhaus'' ("Boiling House"); spacious building with mansard roof, 18th century
| |
| * Saline Karlshalle 12 – well house; plastered building with freestanding stairway, 1908, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Saline Theodorshalle 28 – former children’s home; representative building with hipped mansard roof, Classicist motifs, 1911, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Salinenstraße – Salinenbrücke ("Saltworks Bridge"); six-arch [[sandstone]]-block bridge, bridge across the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] between Salinenstraße and Theodorshalle saltworks, 1890
| |
| * Salinenstraße 43 – two-and-a-half-floor villalike house, brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1896/1897, architect August Henke
| |
| * Salinenstraße 45 – two-and-a-half-floor house, porphyry building with hip roof, about 1860, side building with arcade and barge-rafter gable, 1897, architects Brothers Lang
| |
| * Before Salinenstraße 47/49 – five [[Coat of arms|armorial]] tablets, marked 1891/1892, Cauer workshop
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| * Salinenstraße 53 – two-and-a-half-floor corner shophouse, Late Classicist building with hip roof, about 1860
| |
| * Salinenstraße 57a – corner house, elaborately structured Late Historicist building with mansard roof, 1898, architect Rheinstädter
| |
| * Salinenstraße 57 – Late Classicist plastered building, 1851, architect August Henke Jun.
| |
| * Salinenstraße 60 – two-and-a-half-floor house, clinker brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1889, architect Philipp Hassinger; one-and-a-half-floor wine cellar building; front-garden fencing and segmented gateway, 1919, as well as dwelling and office building in the yard, 1921/1922, architect Alexander Ackermann
| |
| * Salinenstraße 63 – former "Hotel Kriegelstein"; three-floor Classicist building with hip roof, joining onto the back, bathing wing, 1852/1853, architect Karst
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| * Salinenstraße 68 – two-and-a-half-floor house, Classicist building with hip roof, about 1870, side building 1904, architects Henke & Sohn
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| * Salinenstraße 69 – lordly villa with hip roof, Renaissance and Classicist motifs, about 1865
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| * Salinenstraße 72 – sophisticated two-and-a-half-floor corner house, Neoclassical plastered building, about 1870
| |
| * Salinenstraße 74/76 – pair of semi-detached houses, [[sandstone]]-framed brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1894/1895, architect Jean Henke
| |
| * Salinenstraße 82 – villalike house with hip roof, 1921/1922, architect Vorbius
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| * Salinenstraße 84 – one-floor villa with hip roof, Classicist motifs, 1925/1926, architect Hans Best
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| * Salinenstraße 90 – lordly villa with hip roof with corner pavilions, 1921/1922, architect Hans Best
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| * Salinenstraße 92/94, Moltkestraße 8 – sophisticated three-wing building with hip roof, [[Art Deco]] motifs, 1921/1922, architect Alexander Ackermann
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| * Salinenstraße 95 – Gründerzeit bungalow, clinker brick building with hipped [[mansard roof]], [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1895, architect Johann Stanger
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| * Salinenstraße 113/115 – pair of semi-detached houses, spire light gable with half-hips, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1907/1908, architect Fritz Wagner
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| * Salinenstraße 114/116 – Doppelvilla, langgestreckter building with hip roof, 1921/1922, architect Hans Best
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| * Salinenstraße 117 – artificial-stone-framed cube-shaped building with hip roof, Art Deco motifs, 1927/1928, architects Hans Best & Co.
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| * Salinenstraße 118 – house with winepress house, clinker brick building with pyramidal roof, 1898/1899, architect Himmler
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| * Salinenstraße 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – seven-house group; houses with forward eaves but forward-gabled lobbies, Art Deco motifs, 1921/1922, architect Paul Gans
| |
| * Salinental – includes the Karlshalle and Theodorshalle saltworks east of Salinenstraße (''[[Bundesstraße]]'' 48) in the town’s southwest; [[graduation tower]] no. 6, 18th century; monument to K. Altenkirch, Ludwig Thormalen, 1934
| |
| * Schloßstraße 1 – lordly villa, building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival motifs, about 1862, architect C. Conradi
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| * Schloßstraße 2a – Art Deco villa with hipped mansard roof, 1928/1929, architect Paul Gans
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| * Schloßstraße 4 – cube-shaped building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival, side building, 1879/1880, architect J. Schaeffer
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| * Schloßstraße 5 – guesthouse, three-floor cube-shaped building with hip roof, [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] side building about 1850
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| * Schöffenstraße 3 – two-and-a-half-floor house, brick building, 1892, architect August Henke
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| * Schöne Aussicht 1 – residential building, long building with hip roof, 1927/1928, architect Wolfgang Goecke
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| * Schöne Aussicht 3/5/7/9 – long building with hip roof and corner oriels, 1924/1925, architect Gruben
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| * Schöne Aussicht 10/12, Dr.-Geisenheyner-Straße 5 – houses picturesquely staggered with each other, 1926/1927, architect Hans Best & Co.
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| * Schöne Aussicht 11–21 – long residential building with hip roof, 1924/1925, architect Gruben
| |
| * Schöne Aussicht 1–25 (odd numbers), 10–16 (even numbers), Dr.-Geisenheyner Straße 1, 3, 5, 2–12 (even numbers) as well as Winzenheimer Straße 23 and 25 (monumental zone) – workers’ housing development, craftsmen and [[white-collar worker]]s; pairs of semi-detached houses and terraced buildings joined together into dwelling units with hip or gable roofs in gardens, some with corner oriels or front wings, 1924-1927 under town building councillor Hugo Völker’s leadership
| |
| * Schuhgasse 1 – three-floor shophouse, plastered timber-frame building, possibly 18th century, shop built in in 1881, architect Jacob Kossmann; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Schuhgasse 2 – three-floor shophouse, partly timber-frame (plastered), hip roof, possibly shortly after 1849 with [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] parts; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Schuhgasse 3 – three-floor house, partly timber-frame (plastered), mansard roof, 18th century; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Schuhgasse 4 and 6 – two Classicist three-floor three-window houses, about 1850; under no. 4 cellar before 1689, no. 6 [[Gründerzeit]] shop built in
| |
| * Schuhgasse 5 – two-and-a-half-floor dwelling and wine cellar house, Gründerzeit clinker brick building, 1882/1883, architect Josef Pfeiffer; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Schuhgasse 7 – three-floor house, partly timber-frame (plastered), essentially from the 18th century, partly Classicist makeover 19th century; cellar older
| |
| * Schuhgasse 8 – three-floor Late Classicist house, 1850; cellar older
| |
| * Schuhgasse 9 – three-floor two-window house, plastered timber-frame building, about 1800 (?); cellar before 1689
| |
| * Schuhgasse 11 – stately three-floor house, partly timber-frame (plastered), about 1800
| |
| * Schuhgasse 13 – three-floor three-window house, about 1800 (?), partly Classicist makeover, about 1850; cellar before 1689
| |
| * Sigismundstraße 16/18 – pair of semi-detached houses with hipped [[mansard roof]], Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1907/1908, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Sigismundstraße 20/22 – pair of semi-detached bungalows, sandstone-framed brick building, 1908/1909, architect Wilhelm Metzger
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 1/3 – villalike pair of semi-detached houses, brick building with hipped mansard roof and corner tower, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1907/1908, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 2 – Neoclassical villa with three-floor tower with [[Muse]] figures, side building, Renaissance Revival watertower, early 1870s, architect Paul Wallot, [[Oppenheim]]
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 4 – Gründerzeit villa, picturesquely grouped clinker brick building, 1879, architect Gustav F. Hartmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 5/7 – villalike pair of semi-detached houses, brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1904, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 6 – [[Gründerzeit]] villa, picturesquely grouped clinker brick building, partly timber-frame, 1879, architect Gustav F. Hartmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 8 – Michel winegrowing estate; Gründerzeit villa, clinker brick building with odd-shaped roofscape, 1888, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 9 – small villa made up of two structures thrust through each other at right angles, 1902/1903, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 10 – former "''Restaurationslokal''"; one-and-a-half-floor corner building with round arch openings, 1879, architect Josef Pfeiffer, side building given upper floors in 1911 and brought into line, architect Friedrich Metzger
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 11 – villalike house made up of two structures standing at right angles to each other, 1902, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 12 – Gründerzeit villa, clinker brick building with hip roof, 1887, architect Jacob Kossmann, partial conversion 1924
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 15, 17, 19 – Paul Anheußer winegrowing estate; one-floor building with [[pitched roof]] with two-floor side axes, 1888, architect Jacob Karst
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 22 – house, clinker brick building with gable [[Avant-corps|risalto]], 1888, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Stromberger Straße 30 – villa, one-floor building with hipped [[mansard roof]], 1924/1925, architect Anton Reiter
| |
| * Sulzer Hof 2 – house, brick building with belltower, one-floor brick side building, 1892
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 3 – two-and-a-half-floor Gründerzeit corner house, 1883, architect R. Wagener
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 4 – house; sandstone-framed plastered building, about 1870, [[Wrought iron|wrought-iron]] balcony about 1906; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 7 – Gründerzeit terraced house; two-and-a-half-floor sandstone-framed clinker brick building, 1879, architect R. Wagener
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 9 – Gründerzeit corner shophouse, Neoclassical motifs, 1877, architect Johann Au
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 11/13/15 – lordly palacelike group of three houses with three-floor middle building, hip roofs, 1878/1879, architect C. Conradi; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 18 – Gründerzeit house; building with hip roof with [[knee wall]], Renaissance Revival, 1882, architect Josef Pfeiffer; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 19 – Gründerzeit terraced house, three-floor clinker brick building, 1882, architect August Henke
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 22 – Gründerzeit terraced house, two-and-a-half-floor clinker brick building, 1888, architect August Henke
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 23 – corner shophouse; two-and-a-half-floor brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1878, architect Jean Jenke jr., shop and display window expansion 1888
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 24 – two-and-a-half-floor house; sandstone-framed clinker brick building, Renaissance Revival, 1894, architect Christian Zier
| |
| * Viktoriastraße 26 – house, Classicistically structured clinker brick building, possibly from shortly before 1876
| |
| <!--* Viktoriastraße 32 – two-and-a-half-floor house; sandstone-framed brick building, Renaissance Revival motifs, 1889, architect Philipp Hassinger – Foregoing appears on de:WP but not in source.-->
| |
| * Weinkauffstraße 2/4 – villalike pair of semi-detached houses on irregular footprint, 1901/1902, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Weinkauffstraße 6 – Art Nouveau villa with hip roof, 1902/1903, architect Hans Best
| |
| * Weinkauffstraße 8 – three-floor villa with hip roof, Art Deco motifs, 1921/1922, architect Alexander Ackermann
| |
| * Weinkauffstraße 10 – one-and-a-half-floor villa, 1922/1923, architect Alexander Ackermann, mansard roof 1927
| |
| * Weyersstraße 3 – lordly villa with hip roof, 1925, architect Hermann Tesch, somewhat newer garden house
| |
| * Weyersstraße 6 – villalike house with tented or mansard roof, 1920s
| |
| * Weyersstraße 8 – house; cube-shaped building with hip roof, partly [[Expressionist architecture|Expressionist]] motifs, 1925/1926, architect Karl Heep
| |
| * Wilhelmstraße – ''Wilhelmsbrücke''; bridge across the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]]; three-arch red sandstone structure with two towers and expanded arcaded approach, 1905/1906, architect [[Hermann Billing]], [[Karlsruhe]], reconstructed after 1945; [[relief]] in the "''Fischerturm''" (tower), 1932 by Ludwig Cauer * Wilhelmstraße 2 – former "''Brückenschänke''" inn; one-floor, pavilionlike commercial building, 1922, architect Otto Völker
| |
| * Wilhelmstraße 48 – three-floor shophouse, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] and [[Art Nouveau]] motifs, 1906, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Wilhelmstraße 50 – three-floor shophouse, [[oriel window]], Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau motifs, 1906, architect Heinrich Ruppert
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 3/3a – mirror-image pair of semi-detached houses, sandstone-framed clinker brick building, 1898/1899, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 5 – two-and-a-half-floor villalike house, Late Gründerzeit sandstone-framed brick building, 1900, architect Anton Kullmann
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 7 – spacious villalike house with side buildings, 1888/1889, architect Schott; brick building with hip roof, Renaissance Revival; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 12/14 – pair of semi-detached houses under influence of country house style and [[New Objectivity (architecture)|New Objectivity]], 1911, architect Rudolf Frey
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 15 – one-and-a-half-floor villalike house, sandstone-framed clinker brick building, 1900, architect Josef Pfeiffer
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 16 – two-and-a-half-floor villa resembling a country house with odd-shaped roofscape, 1909/1910, architect Hermann Tesch
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 23 – corner house; building typical of the time with hip roof, 1927/1928, architect Wolfgang Goecke
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 25 – villa; one-floor building with hipped [[mansard roof]], 1925, architect Richard Starig
| |
| * Winzenheimer Straße 36 – villa; brick-framed building with hip roof, 1928, architect Max Weber (?)
| |
| * Zwingel – ''Zwingelbrücke'', red sandstone [[Middle Ages|mediaeval]] two-arch bridge across the Ellerbach lying between Zwingel and Lauergasse, 1277
| |
| * Zwingel – 30 m-long stretch of wall of the sovereign area (''Burgfrieden'') fortification between the ''Zwingelbrücke'' and the Kauzenburg
| |
| * At Zwingel 4 – [[Barrel vault|barrel-vaulted]] cellar and skylight portal, marked 1755
| |
| * Zwingel 5 – main building of the former Tesch [[Brewery]]; three-floor building with pitched roof and clad timber framing, marked 1830 and 1832, from the solid ground floor entrance to three vaulted cellars in the Schlossberg
| |
| * Zwingel 9 – three-floor [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] house, partly plastered, on [[trapezoid]]al footprint, 1880, architect Jacob Kossmann
| |
| * Graveyard of Honour, Lohrer Wald, in town’s western woods (monumental zone) – for the fallen of the [[Second World War]] on the [[German War Graves Commission]]’s behalf; slated outer wall with open entrance hall, Classicist and Heimatstil motifs, 1952/1953, architect Robert Tischler, Munich, short sandstone crosses on burial ground laid out like a park
| |
| * Hargesheimer Landstraße, ''Gutleuthof'' (monumental zone)<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> – house, partly timber-frame, hipped [[mansard roof]], carriage hall, stable-commercial building, about 1800
| |
| * [[Judaism|Jewish]] graveyard, north of the [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] towards Winzenheim<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – funnel-shaped area laid out in 1661, expanded in 1919; on the northern, oldest part, mostly Baroque sandstone slabs, on the narrow burial ground south of the mortuary [[chapel]] (mid 19th century, expanded in 1894) sandstone slabs from the 19th century; Baroque Revival [[marble]] tablets from the destroyed [[synagogue]]
| |
| * Schloss Rheingrafenstein – long building with hip roof, marked 1722, side building 19th century, in the gateway arch an armorial stone of the family Salm
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| | |
| ====Bosenheim====
| |
| [[File:Ev. Kirche Bosenheim.JPG|thumb|upright|Karl-Sack-Straße 4 – Evangelical parish church]]
| |
| * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish [[church (building)|church]], Karl-Sack-Straße 4 – quire 14th century, [[aisleless church]] with [[ridge turret]], 1744; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Friedhofsweg 1 – ''Altes Schulhaus'' ("Old Schoolhouse"), one-floor plastered building, 1897
| |
| * Hackenheimer Straße 2 – three-sided estate; house, partly [[Timber framing|timber-frame]], 1929 and older, barn door [[lintel (architecture)|lintel]] marked 1567; characterizes village’s appearance
| |
| * Hackenheimer Straße 6 – [[school]]house, representative building with hip roof, 1909
| |
| * Karl-Sack-Straße 2 – Evangelical rectory, Historicized plastered building, late 19th century; characterizes street’s appearance
| |
| * Karl-Sack-Straße 3 – [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] building, partly timber-frame (plastered), marked 1617
| |
| * Parkstraße 2 – estate of the [[winegrowing]] family Görz, hook-shaped estate; dwelling wing with barn, one-floor quarrystone building, 1826, administrator’s house, partly [[Shake (shingle)|shingled]], 1927
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 35 – three-sided estate; house, partly timber-frame (plastered), marked 1835
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 43 – [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building with half-hip roof, partly timber-frame (plastered), 18th century
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 54 – house, partly timber-frame, Renaissance double window, marked 1587
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 58 – Baroque house, partly timber-frame, 18th century
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 65 – three-sided estate, essentially possibly from the late 18th century; barn and house, partly timber-frame, stable building
| |
| * Rheinhessenstraße 68 – former village hall, building with half-hip roof, 1732, expansion marked 1937
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| * Rheinhessenstraße 78 – house, partly timber-frame, 18th century
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| | |
| ====Ippesheim====
| |
| * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] Christ Church (''Christuskirche''), Frankfurter Straße 2 – two-floor [[aisleless church]], small-block wallwork, 1892, architect C. Schwartze, [[Darmstadt]]
| |
| * Ernst-Ludwig-Straße 1 – corner house, brick building, 1891, one-floor commercial building, 1888
| |
| * Ernst-Ludwig-Straße 4 – house, partly timber-frame, 18th century
| |
| * Ernst-Ludwig-Straße 13 – house, partly timber-frame (partly plastered), 18th century
| |
| * Falkensteinstraße 1 – corner house, partly timber-frame (partly plastered), possibly from the late 18th century, former barn, about 1900
| |
| * Frankfurter Straße 8 – one-and-a-half-floor house, yellow-brick building, shortly after 1900
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| | |
| ====Planig====
| |
| * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] parish church, Am Ehrenmal 4 – [[Late Middle Ages|late mediaeval]] plastered building, quire 1492, main space 1507; tower possibly high mediaeval, uppermost floor and [[spire]] 1818, architect Friedrich Schneider; furnishings
| |
| * [[Gordianus and Epimachus|Saint Gordianus’s]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Parish [[Church (building)|Church]] (''Pfarrkirche St. Gordianus''), Biebelsheimer Straße 4 – three-naved [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] pseudobasilica, quarrystone building, 1899/1900, architect Ludwig Becker; furnishings; characterizes village’s appearance
| |
| * Village core, Kirchwinkelstraße and Dorfbrunnenstraße, Heinrich-Kreuz-Straße, Zentbrückenstraße, Dalbergstraße (monumental zone) – closed historical construction of villagelike character up to the 19th century including the late mediaeval Evangelical parish church, the Apfelsbach and the mixed gardens; mostly one-and-a-half-floor dwelling or estate houses, estate complexes of various types and sizes with ring of barns
| |
| * Biebelsheimer Straße/corner of Winzerkeller – ''Heiligenhäuschen'' (a small, shrinelike structure consecrated to a saint or saints), yellow-brick building with [[crow-stepped gable]]s, 1892
| |
| * Mainzer Straße 55 – house, [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] building with half-hip roof, partly timber-frame
| |
| * Mainzer Straße 63 – house, [[sandstone]]-framed brick building, 1900
| |
| * Mainzer Straße 85 – Baroque barn with half-hip roof, 18th century
| |
| * Mainzer Straße 87 – house, Baroque building with half-hip roof
| |
| * Rheinpfalzstraße 15 – villa, hewn-stone-framed brick building, [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] motifs, 1899
| |
| * [[Judaism|Jewish]] graveyard, on the northern town limit, Frenzenberg<ref name="Kreisrecht"/> (monumental zone) – area with 13 gravestones from the 18th and late<!--possibly a mistake--> 19th centuries laid out no later than the 18th century, planted all round with hedges.
| |
| | |
| ====Winzenheim====
| |
| * [[Luke the Evangelist|Luke’s]] [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] church (''Lukaskirche''), Hintere Grabenstraße 8 – [[Classicism|Classicist]] [[aisleless church]], 1833/1834, architect Ludwig Behr
| |
| * [[Saint Peter]]’s [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (''Kirche St. Peter''), Kirchstraße – high [[altar]], about 1770, [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]] [[baptismal font]], about 1500
| |
| * Kirchstraße 1 – so-called ''Hofgut Zweifel'' ("Doubt Estate"); Baroque estate complex, 1772; wings with hip roofs, one-floor cross-wing, gateway with [[coat of arms]]
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| | |
| ===Tourist attractions===
| |
| [[File:Roemerhalle Kreuznach Soldatengrabstein.jpg|thumb|[[Headstone|Gravestone]] of Annaius Daverzus in the ''Römerhalle'' museum, discovered during the construction of [[Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof]] in 1860.]]
| |
| The town of Bad Kreuznach is home to the following tourist attractions:
| |
| * The Bridge Houses built on the bridge that crosses the River Nahe in central Bad Kreuznach along the ''Walkplatz''.
| |
| * The ''Pauluskirche'' (St. Paul's Church), where [[Karl Marx]] was married to [[Jenny von Westphalen]] in 1843.
| |
| * The Kurhaus (built in 1913) is a hotel and bath house. The [[bathing|baths]] which give the town its special designation contain the [[noble gas]] [[radon]], with supposedly curative properties.
| |
| * The ''Dr-Faust-Haus'' (built in 1507) was the home of [[Johann Georg Faust]], the alchemist on whom the [[Faust]] tale is said to be based.
| |
| * Two [[mosaic]]s from a [[Roman villa]] (about AD 250) are displayed in an on-site [[museum]], the ''Römerhalle''. The tombstone of [[Tiberius Iulius Abdes Pantera]] is also on view here.
| |
| * Bad Kreuznach's wine is well known.
| |
| * For 50 years Kreuznach was home to a [[United States Army]] base, Rose Barracks, including headquarters of the [[8th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 8th Infantry Division]] and later the [[1st Armored Division (United States)|U.S. 1st Armored Division]], which closed down in May 2001
| |
| The villas of rich citizens built during the [[German Empire]] (1871–1918) are very typical of the town.
| |
| <gallery>
| |
| File:Kreuznach Brueckenhaeuser 1900.jpg|Nahe bridge houses between 1890 and 1905
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| File:Bad-kreuznach-2.jpg|Nahe bridge houses in 2008
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| File:Bad-kreuznach-3.jpg|Mannheimerstraße
| |
| </gallery>
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| | |
| ===Music clubs and choirs===
| |
| * ''Capella Nicolai''
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| * ''Chor Cantamus''
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| * ''Chor Mosaik''
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| * ''Chor Reinhard'' — newly founded men’s [[Christianity|Christian]] choir
| |
| * ''Gospelchor Grenzenlos'' — "Borderless" Gospel choir
| |
| * ''Kantorei der Pauluskirche'' — [[Paul the Apostle|Paul’s]] [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Church (building)|Church]] choir
| |
| * ''Konzertgesellschaft Bad Kreuznach'' — concert company
| |
| * ''Kreuznacher-Diakonie-Kantorei'' — diaconal choir
| |
| * ''MC Harmonie 1845 Planig e.V.''
| |
| * ''Musikverein „Musikfreunde Winzenheim“'' [[Eingetragener Verein|e. V.]] — "Winzenheim Friends of Music"
| |
| * ''Pop- und Gospelchor ReJOYSing, Planig''
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| | |
| ===Regular events===
| |
| * Weekly market (''Wochenmarkt'') at the Kornmarkt: Tuesday and Friday, 0700 to 1300
| |
| * ''Altweiberfastnacht'' ("Old Women’s Carnival") in the ''Narrenkäfig'' ("Fools’ Cage") at the Kornmarkt: Thursday before [[Ash Wednesday]]
| |
| * ''Kreuznacher Narrenfahrt'' ("Kreuznach Fools’ Journey"): Saturday before Ash Wednesday
| |
| * ''Nahetal-Turnier'', junior [[Association football|football]] tournament: at [[Whitsun]] from Friday to Monday.
| |
| * ''Drachenfest auf dem Kuhberg'' ("Dragon Festival on the Kuhberg"): mid to late April
| |
| * ''Kreuznacher Hockey Club'' International [[Easter]] Hockey Tournament
| |
| * ''Automobilsalon'': biggest [[automobile]] exhibition in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], last weekend in April
| |
| * ''Eiermarktfest'' ("Egg Market Festival"): mid July
| |
| * ''Kreuznacher Jahrmarkt'' ("Yearly Market"): (since 1810) third weekend in August (Friday to Tuesday)
| |
| * ''Fischerstechen'' ("[[Water Jousting]]"): first weekend in September
| |
| * ''RKV''<ref>[http://www.rkv-bad-kreuznach.de/tz_kanu.php?PHPSESSID=kj23v0igth6797sl3ftdd24sf4 RKV]</ref> (Rowing and Canoeing Club) ''Herbst-Kanuslalom'' ("Autumn Canoe Slalom") in the Salinental: last weekend in September
| |
| * ''Nikolausmarkt'' ("[[Saint Nicholas]]’s Market"): until 2008 always at the Eiermarkt ("Egg Market"), future still unclear
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| * ''Festival „marionettissimo“/Die Kunst des Spiels am Faden'' ("The Art of Playing on the Thread") in November at the ''Museum für PuppentheaterKultur''
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| * ''Französischer Markt'' ("French Market"): once a year, dealers from the [[France|French]] partner town [[Bourg-en-Bresse]] hold a "French market" at the Kornmarkt; last held in 2007.
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| ===Town of Bad Kreuznach Cultural Prize===
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| The [[:de:Kulturpreis der Stadt Bad Kreuznach|''Kulturpreis der Stadt Bad Kreuznach'']] is a promotional prize awarded by the town of Bad Kreuznach each year in the categories of [[music]], [[visual arts]] and [[literature]] on a rotational basis. A full list of prizewinners since the award’s introduction can be seen at the link. In 2013, the prize was not awarded owing to cost-cutting measures.
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| ===Sport and leisure===
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| ==== Sport clubs====
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| In Bad Kreuznach there are many clubs that can boast of successes at the national level. In [[trampolining]] and [[whitewater slalom]], the town is a national stronghold, while it has also shown strength at the state level in [[shooting sport]]s and [[bocce]]. The biggest club is ''VfL 1848 Bad Kreuznach'', within which the first [[basketball]] department in any [[sport club]] in Germany was founded in 1935.<ref>{{cite news
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| |title = Die Wiege der Korbjäger steht in Bad Kreuznach| publisher = Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz| accessdate = 2010-06-08| url = http://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/sport/bad-kreuznach/andere_sportarten/8973933.htm}}</ref> After the [[Second World War]], too, the club produced many important personalities, among them several players at the national level.<ref>{{cite news| title = 7 + 5 Namen aus 75 Jahren Basketball| publisher = Allgemeine Zeitung Mainz| accessdate = 2010-06-08| url = http://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/sport/bad-kreuznach/andere_sportarten/8973931.htm}}</ref> Moreover, the club’s [[field hockey]] department is also of importance, having for a while been represented in the ''Damen-Bundesliga'' ("Ladies’ National League"). The first field hockey department in a Bad Kreuznach sport club, however, was the ''Kreuznacher HC'', which made it to the semifinals at the German Championship in 1960, and which to this day stages the [[Easter]] Hockey Tournament. In [[Association football|football]], the town’s most successful club is [[Eintracht Bad Kreuznach]]. The team played in, among other leagues, the [[Oberliga (football)|Oberliga]], when that was Germany’s highest level in football, as well as, later, the Second ''Bundesliga''. The club that has won the most titles is MTV Bad Kreuznach, which in trampolining is among Germany’s most successful clubs. [[Canoeing]], in particular whitewater slalom, is practised by RKV Bad Kreuznach. Creuznacher RV has a long tradition in [[rowing (sport)|rowing]]. Also important are the shooting sport clubs SG Bad Kreuznach 1847 and BSC Bad Kreuznach. In [[disabled sports]], the Sportfreunde Diakonie especially has been successful, particularly in bocce.
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| ====Town of Bad Kreuznach Sport Badge====
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| The ''Sportplakette der Stadt Bad Kreuznach'' is an honour awarded by the town once each year to individual sportsmen or sportswomen, whole teams, worthy promoters of sports and worthy people whose jobs are linked to sports. With this award, the town also hopes to underscore its image as a sporting town in Rhineland-Palatinate. The Sport Badge is conferred upon sportsmen or sportswomen at three levels:
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| * Gold
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| ** Participation in a world championship or the [[Olympic Games]]
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| ** World Cup ranking 1st to 3rd place
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| ** 1st to 3rd place at European championships
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| * Silver
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| ** World Cup ranking 4th or 5th place
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| ** European championships 4th or 5th place
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| ** 1st place at German championships
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| * Bronze
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| ** World Cup ranking 6th or 7th place
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| ** Participation in a European championship
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| ** 2nd or 3rd place at a German championship
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| A promoter or person working in a sport-related field must be active in an unpaid capacity for at least 25 years to receive this award.
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| ==Economy and infrastructure==
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| ===Winegrowing===
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| Bad Kreuznach is characterized to a considerable extent by [[winegrowing]], and with 777 ha of [[vineyard]] planted – 77% [[white wine]] varieties and 23% [[Red wine|red]] – it is the biggest winegrowing centre in the [[Nahe (wine region)|Nahe wine region]] and the seventh biggest in Rhineland-Palatinate.
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| ===Industry and trade===
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| Bad Kreuznach has roughly 1,600 businesses with at least one employee, thereby offering 28,000 jobs, of which half are filled by [[Commuting|commuters]] who come into town from surrounding areas. The economic structure is thus characterized mainly by [[small and medium enterprises]], but also some big businesses like the tire manufacturer [[Michelin]], the machine builder [[KHS (company)|KHS]], the Meffert Farbwerke ([[dye]]s, [[lacquer]]s, [[plaster]]s, protective coatings) and the [[Schneider Kreuznach|Jos. Schneider Optische Werke]] [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] may be mentioned. In 2002, the tradition-rich Seitz-Filter-Werke was taken over by the [[United States|US]]-based [[Pall Corporation]]. Thus [[Secondary sector of the economy|producing businesses]] are of great importance, and are especially well represented by the [[chemical industry]] ([[tire]]s, lacquers, dyes) and the optical industry as well as machine builders and automotive suppliers. [[Retail]] and [[wholesale]] dealers, as well as restaurants hold particular weight in the inner town, although in the last few years, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector]], too, has been gaining in importance. The express road links to the [[Autobahn]] bring Bad Kreuznach closer to [[Frankfurt Airport]]. The town can also attract new investment with its [[economic conversion]] areas.
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| ===Spa and tourism===
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| [[File:Parkhotel Kreuznach Seite.jpg|thumb|''Parkhotel Kurhaus'']]
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| [[File:Bad Kreuznach Saline.JPG|thumb|[[Graduation tower]] in the saltworks complex]]
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| The spa operations and the [[wellness (alternative medicine)|wellness]] [[tourism]] also hold a special place for the town as the world’s oldest [[radon]]-[[brine]] spa and the [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] centre for rheumatic care. Available in town are 2,498* beds for guests, which out of 449,756* overnight stays have seen 270,306* stays by guests in rehabilitation clinics. All together<!--No, that is not misspelt! “Altogether” has an altogether different meaning.-->, the town was visited by 92,700 overnight guests (*as of 31 December 2010)<!--This is presumably as opposed to overnight stays, that is, with many guests staying more than one night.-->. Also available to the spa operations are six spa clinics, spa [[Sanatorium|sanatoria]], the thermal brine movement bath "Crucenia Thermen" with a salt grotto, a radon gallery, [[graduation tower]]s in the Salinental (dale), the brine-fogger in the ''Kurpark'' (spa park) set up as open-air inhalatoria and the "Crucenia Gesundheitszentrum" ("Crucenia Health Centre") for ambulatory spa treatment. The [[Indication (medicine)|indications]] for these treatments are for [[Rheumatism|rheumatic complaints]], changes in [[joint]]s due to [[gout]], degenerative diseases of the [[spinal column]] and joints, women’s complaints<!--For “Frauenleiden”; does NOT exactly match “Women's health” or “Gynaecology” ; DO NOT link. See de:Frauenleiden for more information.-->, illnesses of the [[respiratory system]], [[Pediatrics|paediatric illnesses]], [[Vascular disease|vascular illnesses]], non-infectious [[Cutaneous condition|skin diseases]], [[Endocrinology|endocrinological]] dysfunctions, [[Psychosomatic medicine|psychosomatic]] illnesses and [[Ophthalmology|eye complaints]]. After the noticeable decline in the spa business in the mid 1990s, there was a remodelling of the healing spa. At the ''Saunalandschaft'' bathhouse rose a "[[wellness (alternative medicine)|wellness]] temple" with 12 great [[sauna]]s on an area of 4 000 m², which receives roughly 80,000 visitors every year.
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| ===Hospitals and specialized clinics===
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| In the [[hospital]] run by ''kreuznacher diakonie''<!--ALWAYS written with lowercase initials--> (397 beds) and the St. Marienwörth hospital ([[Franciscan]] brothers), Bad Kreuznach has at its disposal two general hospitals that have available the most modern specialized departments for heart and intestinal disorders, and also [[stroke]]s. In the spa zone, there is also the "Sana" Rhineland-Palatinate Rheumatic Centre, made up of a rheumatic hospital and a rehabilitation clinic, the ''Karl-Aschoff-Klinik''. Another rehabilitation clinic under private sponsorship is the ''Klinik Nahetal''. Also, there are the psychosomatic specialized clinic ''St.-Franziska-Stift'' and the rehabilitation and preventive clinic for children and youth, ''Viktoriastift''.
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| ===Transport===
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| Given Bad Kreuznach’s location in the narrow [[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] valley, all transport corridors run upstream parallel to the river. Moreover, the town is an important crossing point for all modes of transport.
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| ====Rail====
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| [[File:Bahnhof Kreuznach Gleise.jpg|thumb|Fork in the tracks at the [[railway station]]]]
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| From 1896 to 1936, there were the ''Kreuznacher Kleinbahnen'' ("Kreuznach Narrow-Gauge Railways"), a rural [[Narrow gauge|narrow-gauge]] [[railway]] network. An original [[steam locomotive]] and its shed, which were moved from [[Winterburg]], can be found today in nearby [[Bockenau]]. The ''Kreuznacher Straßen- und Vorortbahnen'' ("Kreuznach Tramways and Suburban Railways") ran not only a service within the town but also lines out into the surrounding area, to [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg|Bad Münster am Stein]], [[Langenlonsheim]] and [[Sankt Johann, Mainz-Bingen|Sankt Johann]]. In 1953, the whole operation was shut down. Since the introduction of "Rhineland-Palatinate Timetabling" (''Rheinland-Pfalz-Takt'') in the mid 1990s, the train services other than the [[Intercity-Express|ICE]]/[[EuroCity|EC]]/[[InterCity|IC]] services have once again earned some importance. Besides the introduction of [[Clock-face scheduling|hourly timetabling]], there has also been a marked expansion into the nighttime hours, with trains leaving for [[Mainz]] three hours later each day. [[Bad Kreuznach station]] is one of Rhineland-Palatinate’s few [[Railway station layout#Vee (open triangle)|V-shaped stations]] (called a ''Keilbahnhof'', or "wedge station", in the [[German language|German]] terminology). Branching off the [[Nahe Valley Railway]] ([[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]–[[Saarbrücken]]) here is the [[Gau Algesheim–Bad Kreuznach railway|railway line to Gau Algesheim]]. From Bingen am Rhein, [[Regionalbahn]] trains run by way of the [[Alsenz Valley Railway]], which branches off the Nahe Valley Railway in [[Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg|Bad Münster am Stein]], to [[Kaiserslautern]], reaching it in roughly 65 minutes. Running on the line to [[Saarbrücken]] and by way of Gau Algesheim and the [[West Rhine Railway]] to Mainz are [[Regional-Express]] and Regionalbahn trains. The travel time to Mainz lies between 25 and 40 minutes, and to Saarbrücken between 1 hour and 40 minutes and 2 hours and 20 minutes.
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| ====Road====
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| Bad Kreuznach can be reached by car through the like-named [[interchange (road)|interchange]] on the Autobahn [[Bundesautobahn 61|A 61]] as well as on ''[[Bundesstraße]]n'' 41, 48 and 428. Except for ''Bundesstraße'' 48, all these roads skirt the inner town, while the Autobahn is roughly 12 km from the town centre. Local public transport is provided by a town bus network with services running at 15- or 30-minute intervals. There are seven bus routes run by ''Verkehrsgesellschaft Bad Kreuznach'' (VGK), which is owned by the company Rhenus Veniro. Furthermore, there is a great number of regional bus routes serving the nearby area, run by VGK and ''Omnibusverkehr Rhein-Nahe GmbH'' (ORN). The routes run by the various carriers are all part of the ''Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund'' ("[[Rhine]]-[[Nahe (river)|Nahe]] Local Transport Association").
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| ===Media===
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| ====Broadcast====
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| * ''Antenne Bad Kreuznach'' radio station
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| * ''domradio Studio-Nahe UKW 87,9'', clerical radio, ''domradio Köln'' repeater, local station on Saturday morning and church service broadcast on Sunday
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| * ''Bürgerfernsehen Offener Kanal Bad Kreuznach'', public access television channel
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| ====Print media====
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| * ''Allgemeine Zeitung Bad Kreuznach'': daily [[newspaper]] for Bad Kreuznach and area, owned by ''Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main''. [[Newspaper circulation|circulation]] roughly 13,000.
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| * ''Oeffentlicher Anzeiger'': daily newspaper for Bad Kreuznach and area, owned by ''Rhein-Zeitung'' (''Mittelrhein-Verlag''). circulation roughly 22,000.
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| * Concerned with town history: ''Bad Kreuznacher Heimatblätter'', irregularly appearing insert in the ''Oeffentlichen Anzeiger''
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| * ''VorSicht – Das Rhein-Nahe-Journal''. circulation 15,000
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| * ''Lifetime'': town magazine for Bad Kreuznach
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| * ''Wochenspiegel Bad Kreuznach'': weekly advertising flyer, owned by ''SW-Verlag''.
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| * ''Kreuznacher Rundschau'', until 1 October 2010: ''Neue Kreuznacher Zeitung'': weekly advertising flyer. The first edition appeared in October 2006.
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| ====Online====
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| * ''Kreuznach-Blog'' – current events and information about Bad Kreuznach from the region and the [[Internet]]. Since 1 June 2008.
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| * ''Extrawelle'' – news for Bad Kreuznach
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| ===Education and research===
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| Found in Bad Kreuznach are not only several [[primary school]]s, some of which offer "full-time school", but also [[secondary school]]s of all three types as well as vocational preparatory schools or combined vocational-academic schools such as ''Berufsfachschulen'', ''Berufsoberfachschulen'' and ''Technikerschulen'', which are housed at the [[vocational school]]s. The following schools are found in Bad Kreuznach:
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| ====Primary schools====
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| * ''Dr.-Martin-Luther-King-Schule'' ("full-time school")
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| * ''Grundschule [[Heinrich Kleist|Kleiststraße]]'' ("full-time school")
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| * ''Grundschule Hofgartenstraße''
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| * ''Grundschule Planig''
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| * ''Grundschule Winzenheim''
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| ====Hauptschulen====
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| * ''[[Hauptschule]] Ringstraße'' (with 10th school year, "full-time school")
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| * ''Hauptschule am Römerkastell'' (with 10th school year)
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| ====Realschulen====
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| * ''[[Realschule]] Heidenmauer'' ("full-time school")
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| ====Comprehensive schools====
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| * ''IGS Bad Kreuznach'' ("full-time school")
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| ====Gymnasien====
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| * ''Lina-Hilger-[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]
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| * ''Gymnasium an der Stadtmauer (with classical-language and mathematical-natural sciences branch)
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| * ''Gymnasium am Römerkastell (with bilingual branch)
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| * ''Berufliches Gymnasium Fachrichtung Wirtschaft (secondary level 2 only)
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| * ''Berufliches Gymnasium Fachrichtung Technik (secondary level 2 only)
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| * ''Höhere Berufsfachschule Polizeidienst und Verwaltung'' (''Fachhochschulreife'' only)
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| ====Vocational training schools====
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| * ''Berufsbildende Schule für Technik, Gewerbe, Hauswirtschaft, Sozialwesen''
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| * ''Berufsbildende Schule für Wirtschaft''
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| * ''Berufsbildende Schule Landwirtschaft''
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| * ''[[:de:DEULA|DEULA]] Rheinland-Pfalz GmbH Lehranstalt für Agrar- und Umwelttechnik''
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| ====Special schools====
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| * ''Bethesda-Schule Schule für Körperbehinderte'' ("full-time school")
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| * ''Don-Bosco-Schule Schule für geistig Behinderte'' ("full-time school")
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| * ''Schule am Ellerbach Schule für Lernbehinderte'' ("full-time school")
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| In 1950, the [[Max Planck Society|Max Planck Institute]] for [[Agriculture|Agricultural]] and Agricultural Engineering was moved from [[Northeim|Imbshausen]] to Bad Kreuznach, where it used spaces of the Bangert knightly estate. From 1956 until its closure in 1976, it bore the name ''Max-Planck-Institut für Landarbeit und Landtechnik''.<ref>Archive of the Max Planck Society: [http://www.archiv-berlin.mpg.de/tektonik/deutsch.php/AbteilungII/Rep18 II. Abt., Rep. 18 - Max-Planck-Institut für Landarbeit und Landtechnik]; accessed 10 December 2012.</ref> From 1971 to 1987, the discipline of cultivation of the ''Fachhochschule Rheinland-Pfalz'', [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]], was located in Bad Kreuznach. Since it moved away to Bingen, Bad Kreuznach has been offering collegelike training for aspirant winemakers and agricultural technologists with the ''DLR'' (''Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum''). This two-year ''Technikerschule für Weinbau und Oenologie sowie Landbau'' is a path within the agricultural economics college. It continues the tradition of the former, well known ''Höheren Weinbauschule'' ("Higher [[Winegrowing]] School") and the ''Ingenieurschule für Landbau'' ("Engineering School for Cultivation") and fills a gap in the training between [[Fachhochschule]] and one-year ''Fachschule''. The ''Agentur für Qualitätssicherung, Evaluation und Selbstständigkeit von Schulen'' ("Agency for Quality Assurance, Evaluation and Independence of Schools") and the ''Pädagogisches Zentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' ("Rhineland-Palatinate Paedagogical Centre"), the latter of which the state’s schools support with their further paedagogical and didactic development, likewise have their seats in the town, as does the ''Staatliche Studienseminar Bad Kreuznach'' (a higher teachers’ college). The [[Evangelical Church in the Rhineland]] maintained from 1960 to 2003 a [[seminary]] in Bad Kreuznach to train [[vicar]]s.
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| ==Famous people==
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| ===Honorary citizens===
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| Thus far, 15 persons have been named honorary citizens of the town of Bad Kreuznach. Three of those have been stripped of the honour: [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Wilhelm Frick]] and [[Richard Walther Darré]]. The twelve remaining honorary citizens are listed here with the date of the honour in parentheses:
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| * [[Otto von Bismarck]] (1895)
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| * Berthold von Nasse (1901)
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| * Otto Agricola (1902)
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| * Jean Winckler (1904)
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| * Otto Hersing (1915)
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| * [[Paul von Hindenburg]] (1918)
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| * [[Erich Ludendorff]] (1918)
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| * Franz Ernst Potthoff (1924)
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| * Joseph Schneider, entrepreneur (1928)
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| * [[Werner Forßmann]] (1957), [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Medicine]] 1956.
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| * Hans Staab, owner of a large magazine distribution company, foundation named after him (1996)
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| * Alex Jacob, hotel owner, socially engaged honorary consul general for [[Romania]] (2008)
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| ===Sons and daughters of the town===
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| * Konrad von Kreuznach (d. 13 October 1368 in [[Mainz]]), [[lyricist]] (minstrel) and [[musician]]
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| * [[Conrad Faber von Kreuznach]] (b. about 1500, d. 1552/1553 in [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]]), German [[Painting|painter]] and [[Drawing|draughtsman]]
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| * Johann Heinrich von Carmer (b. 29 December 1721, d. 23 May 1801 in Rützen), [[Prussia]]n grand chancellor and justice reformer
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| * [[Maler Müller|Friedrich Müller]] (b. 13 January 1749, d. 23 April 1825 in [[Rome]]), [[pseudonym]]: Nasturtius, German [[poet]] and painter
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| * Franz Christoph Braun (1766–1833), [[clergy]]man and government representative
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| * [[Carl Löwig]] (b. 17 March 1803, d. 27 March 1890 in [[Wrocław|Breslau]]), [[chemist]]
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| * [[Eberhard Anheuser]] (b. 1805, d. 1880 in [[St. Louis]]), [[entrepreneur]], owner of the major [[brewery]] [[Anheuser-Busch]]
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| * Wilhelm Lossen (b. 8 May 1838, d. 29 October 1906 in [[Aachen]]), chemist
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| * [[Karl August Lossen]] (b. 5 January 1841, d. 24 February 1894 in [[Berlin]]), [[geologist]]
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| * Erich Prieger (b. 2 October 1849, d. 27 November 1913 in [[Bonn]]), [[Musicology|musicologist]]
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| * Arthur Quassowski (b. 26 November 1858, d. 17 June 1943 in Berlin), lieutnant general
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| * Hella O’Cuire Quirke (b. 26 March 1866, d. after 1917), [[writer]]
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| * Ludwig Cauer (b. 28 May 1866, d. 27 December 1947 in Bad Kreuznach), [[Sculpture|sculptor]]
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| * Stanislaus Cauer (b. 18 October 1867, d. 8 March 1943 in [[Königsberg]]), sculptor and college instructor
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| * [[Hans Driesch]] (b. 28 October 1867, d. 16 April 1941 in [[Leipzig]]), [[biologist]] and [[Natural philosophy|natural philosopher]]
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| * Alexe Altenkirch (b. 5 July 1871, d. 25 September 1943 in Bad Kreuznach), painter, [[designer]] and artistic educator
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| * Friedrich Karl Johann Vaupel (b. 23 May 1876, d. 4 May 1927 in Berlin), [[Botany|botanist]]
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| * Nelli Schmithals (b. 23 July 1880, d. 12 June 1975 in Bad Kreuznach), [[photographer]]
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| * [[Karl Sack]] (b. 9 June 1896, d. 9 April 1945 at KZ [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]]), [[jurist]] and [[German Resistance to Nazism|resistance fighter]]
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| * [[Herbert Eimert]] (b. 1897, d. 15 December 1972 in [[Düsseldorf]]), [[composer]]
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| * Hanna Cauer (b. 8 March 1902, d. 16 May 1989), sculptor and painter
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| * [[Hugo Salzmann]] (b. 4 February 1903, d. 1979), [[Communism|Communist]] and [[Anti-fascism|Antifascist]]
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| * Edmund Collein (b. 10 January 1906, d. 21 January 1992), [[architect]]
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| * [[Konrad Frey]] (b. 24 April 1909, d. 24 May 1974 in Bad Kreuznach), [[Gymnastics|gymnast]]
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| * Eberhard Au (b. 1921, d. 1996), [[engineer]], co-inventor of the [[Dahlbusch Bomb]]
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| * Hans Schumm (b. 1927, d. 2007), district chairman
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| * Albrecht Martin (b. 1927), educator and [[politician]]
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| * Heijo Hangen (b. 29 April 1927), [[Constructivism (art)|constructivist]] artist and [[documenta]] participant
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| * Elmar Pieroth (b. 9 November 1934), German politician ([[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]).
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| * Ursula Hill-Samelson (b. 22 December 1935), [[mathematician]] and [[computer science]] pioneer
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| * Manfred Ströher (b. 25 March 1937), [[basketball]] functionary
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| * Peter Anheuser (b. 23 March 1938), [[Winegrowing|winegrower]] and politician (CDU)
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| * [[Wolfgang Bötsch]] (b. 8 September 1938), politician ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]])
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| * Hans Maria Mole (b. 13 December 1940), painter and [[Viennese Actionism|actionist]] artist
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| * Gerhard Bahrenberg (b. 3 May 1943), [[geographer]]
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| * Rudolf Wohlleben (b. 6 February 1936), [[engineering]] scientist, writer and student [[historian]]
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| * [[Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt|Hans-Robert Lichtenberg]] (b. about 1943), [[celebrity]]
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| * [[Hein-Direck Neu]] (b. 13 February 1944), [[discus throw]]er
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| * Volker Pudel (b. 1 March 1944, d. 7 October 2009), nutritional psychologist
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| * [[Günter Verheugen]] (b. 28 April 1944), politician ([[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]], before that [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]])
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| * Ulrich Birkenheier (b. 1949), Chairman of the [[Militärischer Abschirmdienst]]
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| * Udo van Kampen (b. 4 April 1949), [[journalist]]
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| * Wolfgang Donsbach (b. 9 November 1949), [[Communication studies|communication scientist]]
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| * Andreas Höfele (b. 1950), [[English studies|Anglist]] and writer
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| * [[Armin Emrich]] (b. 16 June 1951), [[handball]] trainer
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| * Wolfgang Schömel (b. 7 May 1952), [[author]]
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| * Horst Klee (b. 1952), [[guitarist]] and musical educator
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| * Hans-Werner Wagner (1952–1998), state secretary (CDU)
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| * Lee Charm (b. 1954 as Bernhard Quandt), Chairman of the National Tourism Authority of [[South Korea]]
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| * Holger Härter (b. 24 April 1956), manager
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| * [[Yaacov Lozowick]] (b. 1957), [[philosopher]] and educator
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| * Sabine Hassinger (b. 1958), author
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| * Helmut Freitag (b. 1960), university music director
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| * Ise Thomas (b. 10 January 1960), politician ([[Alliance '90/The Greens]])
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| * Karl Christoph Klauer (b. 30 October 1961), cognitional [[psychologist]] and [[professor]]
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| * [[Peter Eich]] (b. 18 June 1963), [[Association football|football]] [[goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]]
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| * Hans-Peter Burghof (b. 14 November 1963), [[economist]]
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| * [[Marcus Birkenkrahe]] (b. 29 December 1963 as Marcus Speh), [[physicist]], [[information architect]] and executive coach
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| * Melitta Sundström/Thomas Gerards (b. 31 October 1964, d. 8 September 1993 in Berlin); entertainment and [[travesti (theatre)|travesti]] artist
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| * Aiman Abdallah (b. 3 January 1965), television moderator
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| * [[Karsten Thormaehlen]] (b. 28 July 1965), photographer, editor and curator
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| * Petra Erdtmann (b. 1967), [[flautist]]
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| * Gregor Beyer (b. 11 September 1968), politician (FDP)
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| * Katharina Saalfrank (b. 1971), diplomaed educator and columnist
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| * Andreas Fischer-Lescano (b. 14 September 1972), expert in [[jurisprudence]] and professor
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| * [[Michael Senft]] (b. 28 September 1972), [[Canoeing|canoeist]]
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| * [[Julia Klöckner]] (b. 16 December 1972), politician (CDU) and chairwoman of the CDU faction in the [[Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate]]
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| * Siegfried Kärcher (b. 4 October 1974), [[Visual arts|visual artist]]
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| * [[Thomas Reichenberger]] (b. 14 October 1974), footballer
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| * [[Thomas Schmidt]] (b. 18 February 1976), canoeist
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| * Alexander Graeff (b. 24 September 1976), writer
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| * [[Manuel Friedrich]] (b. 13 September 1979), footballer
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| * [[Niklas Meinert]] (b. 1 May 1981), [[field hockey]] player
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| * [[Jens Werrmann]] (b. 29 May 1985), hurdler<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=w/athcode=201968/index.html IAAF-Profil von Jens Werrmann]</ref>
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| * [[Benjamin Kessel]] (b. 1 October 1987), footballer
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| * [[Matthias de Zordo]] (b. 21 February 1988), [[javelin throw]]er
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| * [[Pierre Merkel]] (b. 25 May 1989), footballer
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| ===Famous personalities===
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| * Marie von Oranien-Nassau (b. 5 September 1642 in [[The Hague]], d. 20 March 1688 in Kreuznach), widow of Pfalzgraf [[Louis Henry, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern|Ludwig Heinrich Moritz von Simmern]] (1640–1674), remodelled the abandoned [[Order of Saint Augustine|Augustinian]] convent of [[Saint Peter]] into the "Oranienhof"
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| * [[Friedrich Christian Laukhard]] (b. 1757, d. 1822), [[Theology|theologian]] and political writer (spent his last years here)
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| * Emil Cauer the Elder (b. 19 November 1800 in [[Dresden]], d. 4 August 1867 in Kreuznach), sculptor
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| * Gustav Pfarrius (b. 31 December 1800 in Heddesheim, today an outlying centre of [[Guldental]]; d. 15 August 1884 in [[Cologne]]), German poet, schoolteacher and professor
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| * Stephan Lück (b. 9 January 1806 in [[Linz am Rhein]], d. 3 November 1883 in [[Trier]]), theologian, Cathedral Music Director of Trier and publisher, worked from 1828 to 1831 as chaplain in Kreuznach
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| * [[Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels]] (b. 1812, d. 1875), called "Texas-Carl", buried at the Bad Kreuznach town graveyard
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| * Robert Cauer the Elder (b. 2 April 1831 in Dresden; d. 2 April 1893 in [[Kassel]]), sculptor, son of Emil Cauer the Elder and brother of Karl Cauer
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| * Carl Heinrich Jacobi, photographer known for his [[collotype]]s and [[Stereoscopy|stereoscopic]] photographs
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| * Hugo Reich (b. 30 March 1854 in [[Elberfeld]]; d. 23 July 1935 in Bad Kreuznach), German theologian, founder of the deaconry
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| * Emil Thormählen (b. 24 May 1859 in [[Moorhusen]] ([[Wilstermarsch]]); d. 1 April 1941 in Bad Kreuznach), architect and director of the [[Kölner Werkschulen|Kölner Kunstgewerbeschule]] (Cologne School of Applied Arts)
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| * Elsbeth Krukenberg-Conze (b. 5 February 1867 in [[Vienna]]; d. 16 August 1954 in [[Calw]]), writer and [[Feminism|feminist]]
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| * Lina Hilger (b. 8 March 1874 in [[Kaiserslautern]]; d. 13 April 1942 in Frankfurt am Main), German educator
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| * Sophie Sondhelm (b. 18 March 1887 in [[Kleinlangheim]]; lost 1944 at [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]), [[nurse]] and director, refugee helper during the time of the [[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]
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| * Klaus Thormaehlen (b. 23 April 1892 in [[Hanau]]; d. 4 July 1981 in Bad Kreuznach), engineer, winegrower and inventor
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| * [[Hermann Niebuhr]] (b. 14 June 1904 in [[Strasbourg]], d. 29 January 1968 in Bad Kreuznach), basketball pioneer in Germany
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| * [[Werner Forßmann]] (b. 29 August 1904 in Berlin, d. 1 June 1979 in [[Schopfheim]]), [[Cardiology|cardiologist]], Nobel laureate
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| * Yakovos Bilek (b. 7 July 1917 in [[İzmir]], d. 4 May 2005 in [[Athens]]), German-[[Turkey|Turkish]] basketball player, [[Official (basketball)|referee]] and trainer of [[Greece|Greek]] heritage
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| * [[Dieter Wellmann]] (b. 1923), church musician at [[Paul the Apostle|Paul’s]] [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] [[Church (building)|Church]] (''Pauluskirche'') from 1960 to 1996
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| * Werner Danz (b. 3 June 1923 in [[Koblenz]]; d. 18 March 1999 in Bad Kreuznach), German politician (FDP)
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| * Rudolf Anheuser (b. 9 November 1924; d. 27 October 2009), basketball functionary
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| * Peter Anheuser (b. 23 March 1938); architect, former Member of the Landtag, town councillor
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| * Fridel Grenz (b. 1929), church musician at [[Saint Nicholas]]’s Catholic Parish Church (''Pfarrkirche St. Nikolaus'')
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| * Heiner Thabe, [[Orthopedic surgery|orthopaedic surgeon]]
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| * Csilla Hohendorf, special educator
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| * Inge Rossbach, actress and producer
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| * Carsten Pörksen (b. 18 June 1944 in [[Nebel, Germany|Nebel]], [[Amrum]]), Member of the Landtag
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| * Ursula Reindell (b. 1946), painter and sculptor (2008 Cultural Prize winner)
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| * Walter Brusius (b. 1950), painter (1999 Cultural Prize winner)
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| * Kurt-Ulrich Mayer (b. 27 June 1950 in [[Idar-Oberstein]]), politician (CDU) professor and chairman of the ''Sächsische Landesanstalt für privaten Rundfunk and neue Medien'' ("Saxon State Institute for Private Broadcasting and New Media", SLM)
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| * Gernot Meyer-Grönhof (b. 1951), visual artist
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| * André Borsche (b. 1955), [[Plastic surgery|plastic surgeon]]
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| * [[Helmut Kickton]] (b. 1956), cantor of the ''kreuznacher diakonie''<!--always written with lowercase initials-->
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| * Gabriele B. Harter (b. 1962), [[Archaeology|archaeologist]] and author
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| * Frank Leske (b. 1965), sculptor (2002 Cultural Prize winner)
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| * Susanne Schäfer (b. 1966), author and [[Optical engineering|optical engineer]]
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| * [[Anna Dogonadze]] (b. 15 February 1973 in [[Mtskheta]]), German-[[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] Olympic champion in trampolining
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| * Beate Rux-Voss, cantor at Paul’s Evangelical Church (''Pauluskirche'') (2000 Cultural Prize winner)
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| * Alexander Esters (b. 1977), painter and sculptor
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| * Selina Herrero (b. 28 May 1993 in Mainz), [[Pop music|pop]] singer
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| ==Sundry==
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| * In [[Eisenach]], the well-to-do salesman and patrician Conrad Creutznacher had the later so-called ''Kreuznacher Haus'' (or ''Creuznacherhaus'') built in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] style next to [[Saint George]]’s Church (''Georgenkirche'') in 1507/1539. In the early 17th century this was integrated into the residential palace (today Markt 9).
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| * In [[Daniel Defoe]]’s (1660–1731) [[novel]] ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'', which came out in 1719, the title character tells the reader that his mother’s family originally bore the name "Kreutznaer" and had emigrated to [[England]] by way of [[Bremen]].<ref>''cf.'' ''[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1719-robinson-crusoe.html Robinson Crusoe]'', London: W. Taylor, 1719, S. 1.</ref> Since then, the surname Crusoe has been taken to be a [[corruption (linguistics)|corruption]] of the word ''Kreuznacher'' ("person from Kreuznach"). In 1720, at first anonymously, Defoe’s novel ''[[Memoirs of a Cavalier]]'' appeared, in which receipts from "Creutznach" are described.<ref>''cf.'' the 2nd edition, appearing through James Lister, Leeds about 1750, pp. 93-95 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=MC4CAAAAQAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA93 Online]).</ref>
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| * [[Marcel Proust]] visited the town with his mother in 1895.
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| * Bad Kreuznach is known among photographers as the home of [[Schneider Kreuznach|Schneider Optische Werke]], a famous [[photographic lens]] maker.
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| ==Further reading==
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| All these works are in [[German language|German]]:
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| * Johann Goswin Widder: ''[http://books.google.de/books?id=xks2AAAAMAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA22 Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstl. Pfalz am Rheine]'', Bd. IV, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1788, S. 22–48 (Online-Ressource, accessed 21 December 2011)
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| * Walter Zimmermann (editor): ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Kreuznach'' (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz 18/1), Düsseldorf: L. Schwann 1935 (Nachdruck München / [[Berlin]]: Deutscher Kunstverlag 1972, ISBN 3-422-00540-4)
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| * Ernst Emmerling: ''Bad Kreuznach'' (Rheinische Kunststätten, Heft 187). 2nd edition. [[Neuss]] 1980.
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| * ''Heimatchronik des Kreises Kreuznach.'' Archiv für Deutsche Heimatpflege GmbH, [[Cologne]] 1966.
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| * Stadt Bad Kreuznach (publisher): ''50 Jahre amerikanische Streitkräfte in Bad Kreuznach.'' Bad Kreuznach 2001.
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| * Stadt Bad Kreuznach (publisher): ''Das Kreuznacher Sportbuch.'' Bad Kreuznach 2006.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Wikisource}}
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| {{Commons category|Bad Kreuznach}}
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| {{wikivoyage}}
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| {{Wiktionary|de:Bad Kreuznach}}
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| * [http://www.bad-kreuznach.de/ Town’s official webpage] {{de icon}}
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| * [http://www.bad-kreuznach-tourist.de/ Tourist information about Bad Kreuznach] {{de icon}}
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| * [http://www.Kreuznacher.de Kreuznacher.de], a wiki for residents and ex-residents {{de icon}}
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| * [http://bad.kreuznach.netspec.de/nachrichtenausw.asp?Betreff=OB+%FCberreichte+Preisgeld%2DScheck+an+Sieger+des+Wettbewerbs+Neubau+Nahebr%FCcke The bridge competition award] {{de icon}}
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| * [http://www.dw.dk/uk/projects/bad-kreuznach-alte-nahebruecke The future bridge design by Dissing+Weilting] {{de icon}}
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| {{iw-ref|de}}
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| {{Cities and towns in Bad Kreuznach (district)}}
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| [[Category:Bad Kreuznach| ]]
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| [[Category:1414 disestablishments]]
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| [[Category:States and territories established in 1227]]
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| [[Category:Spa towns in Germany|Kreuznach]]
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