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| '''Indicator value''' is a term that has been used in [[ecology]] for two different indices. The older usage of the term refers to [[Heinz Ellenberg|Ellenberg]]'s indicator values, which are based on a simple ordinal classification of plants according to the position of their realized [[ecological niche]] along an [[environmental gradient]].<ref name=Ellenberg1974>Ellenberg H. Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas / H. Ellenberg // Scripta geobotanica. Göttingen, 1974. – Vol. 9. – 197 p.</ref> More recently, the term has also been used to refer to Dufrêne & Legendre's indicator value, which is a quantitative index that measures the statistical alliance of a species to any one of the classes in a classification of sites.<ref name=Dufrene1997>Dufrene, M., and P. Legendre. 1997. Species assemblages and indicator species: The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs 67:345-366.</ref>
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| ==Ellenberg's Indicator Value==
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| Ellenberg's indicator values<ref name="Ellenberg1974"/> were the first model of bioindication proposed and applied to the flora of Germany, and they have a long tradition in interpretation and understanding of plant communities and their evolution. The latest edition of Ellenberg's indicator values applies a 9 point scale for each of six gradients: soil acidity, soil productivity or fertility, soil humidity, soil salinity, climatic continentality and light availability.<ref>Ellenberg H., Weber H.E., Dull R., Wirth V., Werner W., Paulisen D. Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa [Indicator values of plants in Central Europe] / H. Ellenberg, H.E. Weber, R. Dull, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulisen // Scripta Geobotanics. – V. 18. – Verlag Erich Goltze KG, Göttingen, 1991. – 248 s.</ref> Indicator values also exist in Landolt's Flora of Switzerland<ref>Landolt E. Okologische Zeigerwerts zur Schweizer Flora / E. Landolt // Veroff. Geobot. Inst. ETH. Zurich. – 1977. – H. 64. – S. 1-208.</ref> and some other floras. A substantial advance on a comparable scale to place a local flora on gradients are the climatic profiles of the French SOPHY online database.{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}
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| ==Indicator Value of Dufrêne and Legendre==
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| This indicator value is an integral part of the indicator value analysis (IndVal), which quantifies the fidelity and specificity of species in relation to groups of sites in a user-specified classification of sites, and tests for the [[statistical significance]] of the associations by [[permutation]].<ref name="Dufrene1997"/><ref>De Caceres, M., and P. Legendre. 2009. Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology 90:3566-3574.</ref><ref>De Caceres, M., P. Legendre, and M. Moretti. 2010. Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. Oikos 119:1674-1684.</ref>
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| The indicator value of species ''i'' for class ''j'' is obtained with the equation
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| :<math>IndVal_{ij} = A_{ij} * B_{ij} * 100</math> | |
| Here
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| :''A<sub>ij</sub>'' is fidelity, i.e. the proportion of the individuals of species ''i'' that are in class ''j''
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| :''B<sub>ij</sub>'' is specificity, i.e. the proportion of sites in class ''j'' that contain species ''i''
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Indicator Value}}
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| [[Category:Measurement of biodiversity]]
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