Kernel principal component analysis: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Star domain.svg|right|thumb|A star domain (equivalently, a star-convex or star-shaped set) is not necessarily [[convex set|convex]] in the ordinary sense.]]
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[[Image:Not-star-shaped.svg|right|thumb|An [[annulus (mathematics)|annulus]] is not a star domain.]]
In [[mathematics]], a [[Set (mathematics)|set]] <math>S</math> in the [[Euclidean space]] '''R'''<sup>''n''</sup> is called a '''star domain''' (or '''star-convex set''', '''star-shaped'''  or '''radially convex set''') if there exists ''x''<sub>0</sub> in ''S'' such that for all ''x'' in ''S'' the [[line segment]] from ''x''<sub>0</sub> to ''x'' is in ''S''. This definition is immediately generalizable to any [[real number|real]] or [[complex number|complex]] [[vector space]].
 
Intuitively, if one thinks of ''S'' as of a region surrounded by a wall, ''S'' is a star domain if one can find a vantage point ''x''<sub>0</sub> in ''S'' from which any point ''x'' in ''S'' is within line-of-sight.
 
==Examples==
 
* Any line or plane in '''R'''<sup>''n''</sup> is a star domain.
* A line or a plane with a single point removed is not a star domain.  
* If ''A'' is a set in '''R'''<sup>''n''</sup>, the set
:: <math>B= \{ ta : a\in A, t\in[0,1] \}</math>
: obtained by connecting any point in ''A'' to the origin is a star domain.
* Any [[non-empty]] [[convex set]] is a star domain. A set is convex if and only if it is a star domain with respect to any point in that set.  
* A [[cross]]-shaped figure is a star domain but is not convex.
 
==Properties==
 
* The [[closure (topology)|closure]] of a star domain is a star domain, but the [[interior (topology)|interior]] of a star domain is not necessarily a star domain.
* Any star domain is a [[contractible_space|contractible]] set, via a straight-line [[homotopy]]. In particular, any star domain is a [[simply connected set]].
* The union and intersection of two star domains is not necessarily a star domain.
* A nonempty open star domain ''S'' in '''R'''<sup>''n''</sup> is [[diffeomorphism|diffeomorphic]] to '''R'''<sup>''n''</sup>.
 
==See also==
* [[Art gallery problem]]
* [[Star polygon]] &mdash; an unrelated term
* [[Star-shaped polygon]]
* [[Balanced set]]
 
==References==
 
* Ian Stewart, David Tall, ''Complex Analysis''. Cambridge University Press, 1983, ISBN 0-521-28763-4, {{mr|0698076}}
 
* C.R. Smith, ''A characterization of star-shaped sets'', [[American Mathematical Monthly]], Vol. 75, No. 4 (April 1968). p.&nbsp;386, {{mr|0227724}}, {{jstor|2313423}}
 
==External links==
{{commonscat|Star-shaped sets}}
* {{mathworld|urlname=StarConvex|title=Star convex}}
 
{{Functional Analysis}}
 
[[Category:Euclidean geometry]]

Latest revision as of 08:38, 4 September 2014

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