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| {{Multiple issues|refimprove =March 2009|orphan =February 2009}}
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| '''Annular Velocity'''[http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=annular%20velocity] is the speed of a fluid's movement in a column called an [[annulus (oil well)|annulus]] in wells being drilled with circulating drilling fluid.<ref>[[Annulus (mathematics)]]</ref> It is commonly measured in feet per minute (ft/min) or meters per minute (m/min). Annular velocity is often abbreviated as AV, though this is not exclusively so, as AV also refers to [[apparent viscosity]] which is calculated from [[rheometer]] readings from tests that the [[mud engineer]] performs.
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| ==Scope==
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| For this article, annular velocity is described, as used in [[drilling fluid]] applications in the [[Oil industry|oil exploration industry]]. There may be other applications in other fields of study such as [[fluid mechanics]] (the study of the movement of fluid) or [[fluid dynamics]] (the study of the flow of fluid).
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| ==Determination==
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| The '''annular velocity''' can be calculated using one of the following '''''formulas'''''.
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| :<math>AV = \frac{1029.4(PO_{bpm})}{ID^2-OD^2}\,</math> | |
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| Or
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| :<math>AV = \frac{24.5(PO_{gpm})}{ID^2-OD^2}\,</math> | |
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| Where:
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| *AV = '''a'''nnular '''v'''elocity in Ft/min (feet per minute)
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| *PO<sub>bpm</sub> = '''p'''ump '''o'''utput in bpm (barrels per minute) 1 barrel = 42 gallons
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| *PO<sub>gpm</sub> = '''p'''ump '''o'''utput in gpm (gallons per minute) 1 gallon = 0.0238095238 barrels
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| *ID<sup>2</sup> = '''i'''nside '''d'''iameter of the [[wikt:wellbore|wellbore]] or casing, squared
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| *OD<sup>2</sup> = '''o'''utside '''d'''iameter of the drill pipe or tubing, squared
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| *1029.4 = A conversion factor constant used to calculate the volume between the outside of a tube within the inside of another tube, using barrels.
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| *24.5 = A conversion factor constant used to calculate the volume between the outside of a tube within the inside of another tube, using gallons.
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| *Pump Output = Refers to the measurement of the quantity of a fluid (to put that fluid in motion).
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| ==Application==
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| The '''annular velocity''' is one of two major variables in the process of cleaning
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| solids ([[drill cuttings]]) from the [[wikt:wellbore|wellbore]]. By maintaining the annular velocity at certain rates (speeds) in conjunction with the rheological properties of the [[drilling fluid]], the wellbore is kept clean of the [[drill cuttings]] to prevent them from settling back down to the bottom and causing drilling problems.
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| The other major variable is the [[rheology]] of the drilling fluid. Rheology is sometimes thought of as [[viscosity]] to the uninitiated, though improperly. Viscosity (sometimes thought of as its thickness) is a very basic measurement of the fluids resistance to change in movement or flow. The viscosity of a fluid can be measured with a [[Marsh funnel|Marsh Funnel]]. Rheology is the study of viscosity and requires more precise and complicated procedures and [[rheometer|equipment]] for its determination. For drilling fluid applications a rheometer is used.
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| ==See also==
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| {{Portal|Energy}}
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| *[[Petroleum Engineering]]
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| *[[Drilling rig]]
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| *[[Oilfield]]
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| *[[Oil well]]
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| *[[List of acronyms in oil and gas exploration and production]]
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| *[[List of oilfield service companies]]
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| *[[List of oil fields]]
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| *[[Natural gas field]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Annular Velocity}}
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| [[Category:Fluid dynamics| ]]
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| [[Category:Drilling fluid]]
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