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[[File:3D-PET-SUV.jpg|thumb|3-dimensional [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET image with 3D-ROI generated in one mouse click by a threshold based algorithm. The blue dot in the [[Maximum intensity projection|MIP]] image bottom right marks the maximum SUV within the ROI.]]
If you are looking for a specific plugin, then you can just search for the name of the plugin. Affilo - Theme is the guaranteed mixing of wordpress theme that Mark Ling use for his internet marketing career. Change the site's theme and you have essentially changed the site's personality. After confirming the account, login with your username and password at Ad - Mob. It is found that most of the visitors only look for the results that are displayed on the first page of the search engines and so if you get the service from professional service providers then they strive for the first page ranking of your site and improve the online visibility. <br><br>Generally, for my private income-making market websites, I will thoroughly research and discover the leading 10 most worthwhile niches to venture into. Some of the Wordpress development services offered by us are:. Some plugins ask users to match pictures or add numbers, and although effective, they appear unprofessional and unnecessary. t need to use the back button or the URL to get to your home page. Akismet is really a sophisticated junk e-mail blocker and it's also very useful thinking about I recieve many junk e-mail comments day-to-day across my various web-sites. <br><br>Digital photography is a innovative effort, if you removethe stress to catch every position and viewpoint of a place, you free yourself up to be more innovative and your outcomes will be much better. The nominee in each category with the most votes was crowned the 2010 Parents Picks Awards WINNER and has been established as the best product, tip or place in that category. Are you considering getting your website redesigned. Storing write-ups in advance would have to be neccessary with the auto blogs. Have you heard about niche marketing and advertising. <br><br>When you loved this informative article and you want to receive more details relating to [http://boahub.com/index.php?mod=users&action=view&id=70549 wordpress backup plugin] assure visit the page. Numerous bloggers are utilizing Word - Press and with good reason. php file in the Word - Press root folder and look for this line (line 73 in our example):. To do this, you should link your posts to other relevant posts that you've created. A whole lot worse, your site will likely be useless as well as your merchandise won't sell if no one has the endurance to wait for the web pages to load. The popularity of Word - Press has increased the demand for Word - Press themes and these themes sells like hot cake on the internet. <br><br>As a open source platform Wordpress offers distinctive ready to use themes for free along with custom theme support and easy customization. I'm a large fan of using Word - Press to create pretty much any sort of web page. In simple words, this step can be interpreted as the planning phase of entire PSD to wordpress conversion process. Extra investment in Drupal must be bypassed as value for money is what Drupal provides. Likewise, professional publishers with a multi author and editor setup often find that Word - Press lack basic user and role management capabilities.
 
The '''standardized uptake value''' ('''SUV''') is often used in [[positron emission tomography]] (PET) imaging for a simple semiquantitative analysis.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1097/01.mnm.0000134329.30912.49 | author=G. Lucignani, G. Paganelli, E. Bombardieri | title=The use of standardized uptake values for assessing FDG uptake with PET in oncology: A clinical perspective| journal=Nuclear Medicine Communications| year=2004| volume=25| pages=651–656 | pmid=15208491}}</ref> Its use is particularly common in the analysis of [[fluorodeoxyglucose|[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose]] ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG) images of cancer patients. It can also be used with other [[Radioactive tracer|PET agents]] especially when no arterial input function is available for more detailed [[Pharmacokinetics|pharmacokinetic]] modeling. If the arterial input function is available from blood sampling or advanced image analysis techniques, other measures like the fractional uptake rate (FUR), may be preferable, or more advanced pharmacokinetic modeling may be undertaken.
 
The SUV is calculated either pixel-wise yielding a parametric image, or over a [[region of interest]] (ROI). This may be done for any image acquired at time point ''t'', or for all images of a dynamic series acquired at multiple time points. The SUV is commonly defined as the ratio of (1) the tissue radioactivity concentration ''c'' (e.g. in MBq/kg ''= ''kBq/g)'' ''at time point ''t'', and (2) the ''injected activity'' (e.g. in MBq, extrapolated to  the same time ''t'')'' ''divided by the ''body weight'' (e.g. in kg):
 
<math>SUV(t) = \frac {c(t)}{injected\ activity(t) \quad / \quad body\ weight}</math>
 
In other words, the SUV represents the ratio of (1) the image derived radioactivity concentration found in a selected part of the body at a certain time point, and (2) as reference the radioactivity concentration in the hypothetical case of an even distribution of the injected radioactivity across the whole body. Here, the two radioactivity measures need to be from the same time point, e.g. the time of injection or the time of the image (or "image frame"). For example in the latter case, the ''injected activity'' is to be corrected for the [[radioactive decay|physical decay]] between time of injection (''t''=0) and the time of the image frame (''t''). A (small) systematic error might be introduced since the image frame is acquired typically within minutes whereas the injected activity (more precisely, each of the two activity measurements of the syringe, before and after injection) is measured in a relatively short time interval, practically at a time point. Depending on the image frame duration compared to the radioisotope half life, e.g. the image frame midpoint may be considered a good approximation as time point of reference.
 
Moreover, the difference between (a) ''c''(''t'') measured ''per volume'' of soft tissue via PET images and (b) the even distribution reference concentration ''per weight'' of the whole body is ignored here, assuming a [[mass density]] of 1&nbsp;kg/L.
 
Instead of the ''body weight'' used in the equation above, some authors prefer the [[lean body mass|lean body weight]]<ref>{{cite journal | author=K. R. Zasadny and R. L. Wahl | title=Standardized uptake values of normal tissues at PET with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: variations with body weight and a method for correction | journal=Radiology | year=1993 | volume=189 | pages=847–850}}</ref> or the [[body surface area]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=C. K. Kim, N. C. Gupta, B. Chandramouli, and A. Alavi | title=Standardized uptake values of FDG: body surface area correction is preferable to body weight correction | journal=Journal of Nuclear Medicine | year=1994 | volume=35 | pages=164–167}}</ref>
 
Also for ''c''(''t'') from a region of interest, different measures are found in the literature, e.g. the maximum intensity value within the ROI, the mean intensity value of the ROI,<ref>{{cite web | author=Vesa Oikonen | title=Standardized uptake rate (SUV) | url = http://www.turkupetcentre.net/modelling/methods/suv.html | accessdate = 2009-07-22}}</ref> or the mean intensity value of the ROI after applying an intensity threshold (thus excluding a number of pixels of the ROI).
 
The SUV can be significantly affected among other things by image noise, low image resolution and/or user biased ROI selection.<ref>{{cite journal | author=R. Boellaard, N. C. Krak, O. S. Hoekstra, A. A. Lammertsma | title=Effects of noise, image resolution, and ROI definition on the accuracy of standard uptake values: a simulation study | journal=Journal of Nuclear Medicine | year=2004 | volume=45 | pages=1519–1527 | pmid=15347719 | issue=9}}</ref> For the semi-quantitative analysis of <sup>18</sup>F]FDG uptake in tissue or tumor, several corrections have been recommended (see <ref>{{cite journal | author=S.-C. Huang | title=Anatomy of SUV | journal=Nuclear Medicine and Biology | year=2000 | volume=27 | pages=643–646}}</ref> and references therein).
 
The ratio of the SUV from two different regions within the same PET image (i.e. from a target and a reference region) is commonly abbreviated as SUVR. For the SUVR, the injected activity and body weight that are part of the SUV, cancel.
 
The SUV concept has been only begun to be tested in connection with other radiotracers like [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorothymidine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FLT) and conclusions on its usefulness and robustness in these cases might be premature.<ref>{{cite journal | author=R. J. Hicks | title=The SUV and FLT PET: A tasty alphabet soup or a dog’s breakfast? | journal=Leukemia and Lymphoma | year=2007 | volume=48 | pages=649–652 | pmid=17454619 | doi=10.1080/10428190701262059 | issue=4}}</ref>
 
In summary, SUVs are a convenient measure for the evaluation of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET images within a subject to study therapy monitoring/therapy response, and also for comparison between subjects. However, care has to be taken with respect to its pitfalls and with respect to the interpretation of the results.
 
== See also ==
* [[Functional imaging]]
* [[Medical imaging]]
* [[Positron emission tomography]]
* [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]]
* [[Multi-compartment model]]
* [[Patlak plot]]
* [[Pharmacokinetics]]
* [[Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Category:Medical imaging]]

Revision as of 02:15, 14 February 2014

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