Nuclear magnetic resonance: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 02:59, 7 January 2015

It was the end of June. The weather was very hot but the Boss had prepared a full day`�s sales training in the conference room.
After a delicious meal, the sales people went back to the afternoon session. The boss did a short resume of the technical elements of the new products shown that morning. He had always been convinced that a mastery of knowing the technical features of a product was the basis of all long term achievement in sales.

But, in spite of their efforts, they battled to keep their eyes open. And after that he handed it to me. (I said to myself that this was the most tough time slot of the day, and the boss let me get it! How in the world am I going to pull these professionals out of their wish to take a nap?) Here is what I shared: �How many of you had an appointment with a customer, http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks but who left only a couple of minutes before you arrived?

� Raise your hands please. � Who has had a consultation with a client, who listened to all you had to say extremely politely however when you started to close, he says: �I�m sorry but I've no more budget for this year. I can�t buy now�. All the hands were rais
. How did you feel? Mike answered, � I just did an hour�s drive to go and see him. He could have told me on the phone. I'd have been better off going fishing that afternoon! �. All the others were laughing. I let them share some of their negative experiences concerning the sales they were counting on, but didn�t come to

.

� That is completely frustrating, isn�t it? But the worst part is what we say: �The day is off to a bad start or is finishing like it started�. We begin worrying. �How will reach my objectives for the month? �Frankly, we do not feel sure of ourselves or our products a
more. And each �No� or client who is absent, weakens our drive to continue. And in that case, we do not try as hard to close the next possible sale http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks that comes up. � A) My very best sale ever Who would be interested by a perfect method to withstand all negative events of the day and never mis

sale?

All of a sudden no one was tired any more. Well, according to Behavioral specialists, most people cannot think about two things at the same time. (Except you, of course, Mike.) Laughter. So it is most likely better if we direct our thoughts in the direction that will create the mo
sales. What do you think? We've the tendency to create a series of events based on inadequate data. I did 4 sales demonstrations with out a sale so the day is off to a poor start. Other days, right from the starting of the day, we did 3 demonstrations, thr

ales!

For those days, I do not need to explain how to go about it. Smile. But for the days where we're struggling, what should we do? Does this interest you? Yes! � I have a lot of them, so I certainly wish to know! � stated Mike. You know that although I�m a Sales Director, I�m also selling on the field
very day. I wouldn�t wish to tell you anything that I haven�t gone through myself. So I�m going to tell you about my best-ever sales day. I�ll always remember the evening of the 16th of January 1988. My oldest boy who was about 11 at the time ran to meet me with the important question for a family who lives

sales.

� Daddy, just how much did you sell today? � That way he could proudly bring this info to his mother http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks who was cooking in the kitchen. A great day, at that time, was 5000 French francs. � Guess, � I stated to him. He knew that 5000 was good.

e thousand.

More! 10000 ! More ! 20000 ? More ! He began getting giddy. He ran to see his little brother. It is more than 20000! His little brother continued the bidding. 30000. More! 40000? More! My turn, said Nathan. 50000 ? More! Mommy, Mommy, It�s mo

han 50000 !

Is that true ? She immediately came, carrying our infant. 60000 ? Nat continued : 70000 ? More ! Eighty-thousand ??? More ! He breathed deeply and closed his eyes. 100000 ? A little less than 93000 in three sales. ugg boots sale The client that bought 84000 francs from me between 10 and 12 said I would be paid i

days� time!

At that time, I was in big financial difficulty. I completely needed the money to come in so I could pay my bills. (I had about 30% pure profit on those sales!) Following three weeks our accountant said that the money was in and that he could give us a bank check if we needed an advance

commissions!

We asked him if we could come by today away simply because our banker was threatening us. All right, come. There was an hour�s drive between our company and our bank. Our boys wanted completely to come with us. On the way back there was a MacDona
�s Restaurant. We stopped there to celebrate. And we digested it very well (the money I mean). The sales persons gave this story a long applause simply because they have all been there. They've all had the large unexpected sale that saved an otherwise horrible month.

I continued.

Who has already had a great sale like that? All the hands had been raised, even Mike�s. Alright, this really is what I recommend. Write down on this 3 by 5 Bristol card and describe your best sale ever. Take your time. The idea would be to describe your emotional state before the sale, what you felt when you saw it was going to be a mega sale, and detail the emotions that you had when you told your family and friends about it (or e

your boss!).

There was a �religious� silence as each one savored some of the memorable moments of their profession. Even the boss, sitting at the back of the room was writing away! B) OK, tell us your story, and share with us the feelings you felt! Following some time, I asked who wished to share thei
best-ever sale. Jean-Marc told us how a transport company that he had prospected months before with out success contacted our service and invited him to ask for an appointment. He said to himself that he might do a great day�s sale, perhaps 5-6000 euros.

as far under!

The client wanted to restructure all his archives and be able to find all his documents in 2 seconds. It just happened to be that we had a numeric filing system with folders manufactured in polypropylene in different sizes adapted to his profession. In fact, the client bought 40000� worth of this innovative filing system that Jean-Marc so

hat very day!

He told us that the same client, one month later sent a second order of the same quantity for another department! Mohamed told us how he drove by a company for the last 10 years hidden in a curve of the road. He truly sensed that this looked like an inte
sting prospect. But there was no way of stopping and he couldn�t see exactly where the entry road was. But one month of December, times were so difficult, and the sales had been so low, that he said he had nothing to lose to spend some time to attempt to find the entrance

this company.

He was warmly welcomed by the potential client and the he purchased every thing Jean-Marc had to sell. � You know, I don�t have time to go to town to get what I need. It doesn�t bother me to pay a bit more, if somebody comes to visit me. But it�s been ten ye
s that I�m here. I've ever seen a single salesman! � My colleague waived ten years of sales because he didn�t follow his intuition! This totally unexpected sale was uggs on sale equivalent to 3 weeks sales in normal times and it permitted him to appreciate Christmas ti

ith his family.

I recommended that they would put themselves two-by-two to share their best-ever sale with each other! (It is much better than sharing your latest disaster, isn�t it?) No one saw the time fly. We were all on another planet! Even Mike (for once) had a great sales adventure
tell the others. Conclusion i) An infallible method to resist negative events during your selling day. ii) How never again miss a sale and always be on top of things. iii) Describe your best sale, write it down, and think of your feelings before and after. iv) Even when you feel depressed, you may be only a minute away from http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks y

best sale ever.

What do you think about that? v) Write several of these stories to encourage you throughout difficult moments. Why not describe your best weekly sale? If you do not encourage your self, who will? AA/01/13 Andre Amsing is the writer of the articles on website and if you would want to find out the very best online profit model that John Chow shares in his new e book �The Ultimate Online Profit Model click right here: website top salespersons have the ability to resist negative influences

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Rocchio algorithm''' is based on a method of [[relevance feedback]] found in [[information retrieval]] systems which stemmed from the [[SMART Information Retrieval System]] around the year 1970. Like many other retrieval systems, the Rocchio feedback approach was developed using the [[Vector Space Model]].  The [[algorithm]] is based on the assumption that most users have a general conception of which documents should be denoted as  [[Relevance (information retrieval)|relevant]] or non-relevant.<ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 181. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref>  Therefore, the user's search query is revised to include an arbitrary percentage of  relevant and non-relevant documents as a means of increasing the [[search engine]]'s [[Information_retrieval#Recall|recall]], and possibly the precision as well.  The number of  relevant and non-relevant documents allowed to enter a [[Information retrieval|query]] is dictated by the weights of the a, b, c variables listed below in the [[Rocchio_Classification#Algorithm|Algorithm section]].<ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 292. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref>
+It was the end of June. The weather was very hot but the Boss had prepared a full day`�s sales training in the conference room.<br>After a delicious meal, the sales people went back to the afternoon session. The boss did a short resume of the technical elements of the new products shown that morning. He had always been convinced that a mastery of knowing the technical features of a product was the basis of all long term achievement in sales.<br><br>But, in spite of their efforts, they battled to keep their eyes open. And after that he handed it to me. (I said to myself that this was the most tough time slot of the day, and the boss let me get it! How in the world am I going to pull these [http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/professionals professionals] out of their wish to take a nap?) Here is what I shared: �How many of you had an appointment with a customer,  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks] but who left only a couple of minutes before you arrived?<br><br>� Raise your hands please. � Who has had a consultation with a client, who listened to all you had to say extremely politely however when you started to close, he says: �I�m sorry but I've no more budget for this year. I can�t buy now�. All the hands were rais<br>.
+How did you feel? Mike answered, � I just did an hour�s drive to go and see him. He could have told me on the phone. I'd have been better off going fishing that afternoon! �. All the others were laughing. I let them share some of their negative experiences concerning the sales they were counting on, but didn�t come to <br><br>.
-==Algorithm==
+� That is completely frustrating, isn�t it? But the worst part is what we say: �The day is off to a bad start or is finishing like it started�. We begin worrying. �How will reach my objectives for the month? �Frankly, we do not feel sure of ourselves or our products a<br>more.
-The [[Formula (mathematical logic)|formula]] and variable definitions for Rocchio relevance feedback is as follows:<ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 182. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref>
+And each �No� or client who is absent, weakens our drive to continue. And in that case, we do not try as hard to close the next possible sale  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks] that comes up. � A) My very best sale ever Who would be interested by a perfect method to withstand all negative events of the day and never mis<br><br>sale?
-<math> \overrightarrow{Q_m} = \bigl(a \cdot \overrightarrow{Q_o}\bigr) + \biggl(b \cdot {\tfrac{1}{|D_r|}} \cdot \sum_{\overrightarrow{D_j} \in D_r} \overrightarrow{D_j}\biggr)
+All of a sudden no one was tired any more. Well, according to Behavioral specialists, most people cannot think about two things at the same time. (Except you, of course, Mike.) Laughter. So it is most likely better if we direct our thoughts in the direction that will create the mo<br> sales.
-- \biggl(c \cdot {\tfrac{1}{|D_{nr}|}} \cdot \sum_{\overrightarrow{D_k} \in D_{nr}} \overrightarrow{D_k}\biggr) </math>
+What do you think? We've the tendency to create a series of events based on inadequate data. I did 4 sales demonstrations with out a sale so the day is off to a poor start. Other days, right from the starting of the day, we did 3 demonstrations, thr<br><br>ales!
-{| class="wikitable"
+For those days, I do not need to explain how to go about it. Smile. But for the days where we're struggling, what should we do? Does this interest you? Yes! � I have a lot of them, so I certainly wish to know! � stated Mike. You know that although I�m a Sales Director, I�m also selling on the field<br>very day.
-|-
+I wouldn�t wish to tell you anything that I haven�t gone through myself. So I�m going to tell you about my best-ever sales day. I�ll always remember the evening of the 16th of January 1988. My oldest boy who was about 11 at the time ran to meet me with the important question for a family who lives <br><br> sales.
-! Variable
-! Value
-|-
-| <math> \overrightarrow{Q_m} </math>
-| Modified Query Vector
-|-
-| <math> \overrightarrow{Q_o} </math>
-| Original Query Vector
-|-
-| <math> \overrightarrow{D_j} </math>
-| Related Document Vector
-|-
-| <math> \overrightarrow{D_k} </math>
-| Non-Related Document Vector
-|-
-| <math> a </math>
-| Original Query Weight
-|-
-| <math> b </math>
-| Related Documents Weight
-|-
-| <math> c </math>
-| Non-Related Documents Weight
-|-
-| <math> D_r </math>
-| Set of Related Documents
-|-
-| <math> D_{nr} </math>
-| Set of Non-Related Documents
-|}
-[[Image:Rocchioclassgraph.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rocchio Classification]]
-As demonstrated in the Rocchio formula, the associated weights ('''a''', '''b''', '''c''') are responsible for shaping the modified [[vector space|vector]] in a direction closer, or farther away, from the original query, related documents, and non-related documents.  In particular, the values for '''b''' and '''c''' should be incremented or decremented proportionally to the set of documents classified by the user.  If the user decides that the modified query should not contain terms from either the original query, related documents, or non-related documents, then the corresponding weight ('''a''', '''b''', '''c''') value for the category should be set to 0.
+� Daddy, just how much did you sell today? � That way he could proudly bring this info to his mother  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks] who was cooking in the kitchen. A great day, at that time, was 5000 French francs. � Guess, � I stated to him. He knew that 5000 was good.<br><br>e thousand.
-In the later part of the algorithm, the variables '''Dr''', and '''Dnr''' are presented to be sets of [[Tuple|vectors]] containing the coordinates of related documents and non-related documents.  Though '''Dr''' and '''Dnr''' are not  vectors themselves, <math> \overrightarrow{Dj} </math> and <math> \overrightarrow{Dk} </math> are the vectors used to iterate through the two sets and form vector [[summation]]s. These summations will be multiplied against the [[Multiplicative inverse]] of their respective document set ('''Dr''', '''Dnr''') to complete the addition or subtraction of related or non-related documents.
+More! 10000 ! More ! 20000 ? More ! He began getting giddy. He ran to see his little brother. It is more than 20000! His little brother continued the bidding. 30000. More! 40000? More! My turn, said Nathan. 50000 ? More! Mommy, Mommy, It�s mo<br><br>han 50000 !
-In order to visualize the changes taking place on the modified vector, please refer to the image below.<ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 293. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref> As the weights are increased or decreased for a particular category of documents, the coordinates for the modified vector begin to move either closer, or farther away, from the [[centroid]] of the document collection. Thus if the weight is increased for related documents, then the modified vectors [[coordinate]]s will reflect being closer to the centroid of related documents.
+Is that true ? She immediately came, carrying our infant. 60000 ? Nat continued : 70000 ? More ! Eighty-thousand ??? More ! He breathed deeply and closed his eyes. 100000 ? A little less than 93000 in three sales.  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks ugg boots sale] The client that bought 84000 francs from me between 10 and 12 said I would be paid i<br><br> days� time!
-==Time complexity==
+At that time, I was in big financial difficulty. I completely needed the money to come in so I could pay my bills. (I had about 30% pure profit on those sales!) Following three weeks our accountant said that the money was in and that he could give us a bank check if we needed an advance<br><br>commissions!
-The [[time complexity]] for training and testing the [[Rocchio_Classification#Algorithm|Rocchio Classification algorithm]] are listed below and followed by the definition of each [[variable (mathematics)|variable]]. Note that when in testing phase, the time complexity can be reduced to that of calculating the [[euclidean distance]] between a class [[centroid]] and the respective document.  As shown by: <math>\Theta(\vert\mathbb{C}\vert M_{a})</math>.
-Training = <math>\Theta(\vert\mathbb{D}\vert L_{ave}+\vert\mathbb{C}\vert\vert V\vert)</math> <br>
+We asked him if we could come by today away simply because our banker was threatening us. All right, come. There was an hour�s drive between our company and our bank. Our boys wanted completely to come with us. On the way back there was a MacDona<br>�s Restaurant.
-Testing = <math>\Theta( L_{a}+\vert\mathbb{C}\vert M_{a})= \Theta(\vert\mathbb{C}\vert M_{a})</math> <ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 296. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref>
+We stopped there to celebrate. And we digested it very well (the money I mean). The sales persons gave this story a long applause simply because they have all been there. They've all had the large unexpected sale that saved an otherwise horrible month.<br><br>I continued.
-{| class="wikitable"
+Who has already had a great sale like that? All the hands had been raised, even Mike�s. Alright, this really is what I recommend. Write down on this 3 by 5 Bristol card and describe your best sale ever. Take your time. The idea would be to describe your emotional state before the sale, what you felt when you saw it was going to be a mega sale, and detail the emotions that you had when you told your family and friends about it (or e<br><br>your boss!).
-|-
-! Variable
-! Value
-|-
-| <math> \mathbb{D} </math>
-| Labeled Document Set
-|-
-| <math> L_{ave} </math>
-| Average Tokens Per Document
-|-
-| <math> \mathbb{C} </math>
-| Class Set
-|-
-| <math> V </math>
-| Vocabulary/Term Set
-|-
-| <math> L_{a} </math>
-| Number of Tokens in Document
-|-
-| <math> M_{a} </math>
-| Number of Types in Document
-|}
-==Usage==
+There was a �religious� silence as each one savored some of the memorable moments of their profession. Even the boss, sitting at the back of the room was writing away! B) OK, tell us your story, and share with us the feelings you felt! Following some time, I asked who wished to share thei<br>best-ever sale.
-Though there are benefits to ranking documents as not-relevant, a [[relevant]] document ranking will result in more precise documents being made available to the user. Therefore, traditional values for the algorithm's weights ('''a''', '''b''', '''c''') in Rocchio Classification are typically around '''a = 1''', '''b = 0.8''', and ''' c = 0.1'''. Modern [[information retrieval]] systems have moved towards eliminating the non-related documents by setting '''c = 0''' and thus only accounting for related documents. Although not all [[Information retrieval|retrieval systems]] have eliminated the need for non-related documents, most have limited the effects on modified query by only accounting for strongest non-related documents in the '''Dnr''' set.
+Jean-Marc told us how a transport company that he had prospected months before with out success contacted our service and invited him to ask for an appointment. He said to himself that he might do a great day�s sale, perhaps 5-6000 euros. <br><br>as far under!
-==Limitations==
+The client wanted to restructure all his archives and be able to find all his documents in 2 seconds. It just happened to be that we had a numeric filing system with folders manufactured in polypropylene in different sizes adapted to his profession. In fact, the client bought 40000� worth of this innovative filing system that Jean-Marc so<br><br>hat very day!
-The Rocchio algorithm often fails to classify multimodal classes and relationships. For instance, the country of [[Burma]] was renamed to [[Myanmar]] in 1989. Therefore the two queries of "Burma" and "Myanmar" will appear much farther apart in the [[vector space model]], though they both contain similar origins.<ref>Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schütze: ''An Introduction to Information Retrieval'', page 296. Cambridge University Press, 2009.</ref>
-== See also ==
+He told us that the same client, one month later sent a second order of the same quantity for another department! Mohamed told us how he drove by a company for the last 10 years hidden in a curve of the road. He truly sensed that this looked like an inte<br>sting prospect.
-*  [[Nearest centroid classifier]], aka Rocchio classifier
+But there was no way of stopping and he couldn�t see exactly where the entry road was. But one month of December, times were so difficult, and the sales had been so low, that he said he had nothing to lose to spend some time to attempt to find the entrance<br><br>this company.
-==References==
+He was warmly welcomed by the potential client and the he purchased every thing Jean-Marc had to sell. � You know, I don�t have time to go to town to get what I need. It doesn�t bother me to pay a bit more, if somebody comes to visit me. But it�s been ten ye<br>s that I�m here.
-{{reflist}}
+I've ever seen a single salesman! � My colleague waived ten years of sales because he didn�t follow his intuition! This totally unexpected sale was  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks uggs on sale] equivalent to 3 weeks sales in normal times and it permitted him to appreciate Christmas ti<br><br>ith his family.
-* [http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/09expand.pdf Relevance Feedback and Query Expansion]
-* [http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/14vcat.pdf Vector Space Classification]
-* [http://cs.nyu.edu/courses/fall07/G22.2580-001/lec7.html Data Classification]
-[[Category:Information retrieval]]
+I recommended that they would put themselves two-by-two to share their best-ever sale with each other! (It is much better than sharing your latest disaster, isn�t it?) No one saw the time fly. We were all on another planet! Even Mike (for once) had a great sales adventure <br> tell the others.
+Conclusion i) An infallible method to resist negative events during your selling day. ii) How never again miss a sale and always be on top of things. iii) Describe your best sale, write it down, and think of your feelings before and after. iv) Even when you feel depressed, you may be only a minute away from  [http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks http://tinyurl.com/ku6vjks] y<br><br>best sale ever.
+What do you think about that? v) Write several of these stories to encourage you throughout difficult moments. Why not describe your best weekly sale? If you do not encourage your self, who will? AA/01/13 Andre Amsing is the writer of the articles on website and if you would want to find out the very best online profit model that John Chow shares in his new e book �The Ultimate Online Profit Model click right here: website top salespersons have the ability to resist negative influences

Nuclear magnetic resonance: Difference between revisions

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