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| :''This article is about the Masnavi-i Ma'navi of Rumi; for the ''masnavi'' poetic form, see [[Masnavi (poetic form)]].'' | | Bonus: WP Twin and WP Twin Auto Backup: (link to ) While not a theme, I think this software is essential if you are maintaining your Wordpress blog or regularly create new blog sites. Thus, it is important to keep pace with this highly advanced age and have a regular interaction with your audience to keep a strong hold in the business market. One really cool features about this amazing and free wp plugin is that the code it generates is completely portable. Donor oocytes and menopausal pregnancy: Oocyte donation to women of advanced reproductive age: pregnancy results and obstetrical outcomes in patients 45 years and older. provided by Word - Press Automatic Upgrade, so whenever you need to update the new version does not, it automatically creates no webmaster. <br><br>Right starting from social media support to search engine optimization, such plugins are easily available within the Word - Press open source platform. The higher your blog ranks on search engines, the more likely people will find your online marketing site. You are able to set them within your theme options and so they aid the search engine to get a suitable title and description for the pages that get indexed by Google. This is identical to doing a research as in depth above, nevertheless you can see various statistical details like the number of downloads and when the template was not long ago updated. W3C compliant HTML and a good open source powered by Word - Press CMS site is regarded as the prime minister. <br><br>Digital photography is a innovative effort, if you removethe stress to catch every position and viewpoint of a place, you free yourself up to be more innovative and your outcomes will be much better. The nominee in each category with the most votes was crowned the 2010 Parents Picks Awards WINNER and has been established as the best product, tip or place in that category. If you're ready to read more info on [http://tudosobrewp.wordpress.com/2009/09/14/ola-mundo/ wordpress dropbox backup] look into the page. Are you considering getting your website redesigned. Nonetheless, with stylish Facebook themes obtainable on the Globe Broad Internet, half of your enterprise is done previously. Article Source: Stevens works in Internet and Network Marketing. <br><br>Word - Press installation is very easy and hassle free. php file in the Word - Press root folder and look for this line (line 73 in our example):. Next you'll go by way of to your simple Word - Press site. A whole lot worse, your site will likely be useless as well as your merchandise won't sell if no one has the endurance to wait for the web pages to load. Now all you have to do is log into your Word - Press site making use of the very same username and password that you initially had in your previous site. <br><br>Millions of individuals and organizations are now successfully using this tool throughout the world. I don't want that for my visitors and I'm quite sure they don't either. However, there are a few other Wordpress plugins also for its development which requires adding files in your Wordpress setup. Change the entire appearance of you blog using themes with one click. You can check out the statistics of page of views for your web pages using free tools that are available on the internet. |
| {{Refimprove|date=May 2008}}
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| {{expert-subject|India|ex2=Afghanistan|ex3=Iran|date=December 2008}}
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| {{Italic title}}
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| The '''''Masnavi''''', or '''''Masnavi-I Ma'navi''''' ({{lang-fa|مثنوی معنوی}}), also written '''''Mathnawi''''', '''''Ma'navi''''', or '''''Mathnavi''''', is an extensive poem written in Persian by [[Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi]], the celebrated [[Persian people|Persian]] [[Sufi]] saint and [[Persian poetry|poet]]. It is one of the best known and most influential works of both [[Sufism]] and [[Persian literature]]. The ''Masnavi'' is a series of six books of poetry that each amount to about 25,000 verses or 50,000 lines.<ref name="Tafsir Masnavi">Allamah Mohamad Taghi Jafari, ''Tafsir Masnavi''</ref><ref name="Tafsir Masnavi Ma'navi">Karim Zamani, ''Tafsir Masnavi Ma'navi''</ref> It is a spiritual writing that teaches Sufis how to reach their goal of being in true love with God.<ref>Jalāl, Al-Dīn Rūmī, and Alan Williams. Spiritual Verses: the First Book of the Masnavi-ye Manavi. London: Penguin, 2006. Print</ref>
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| {{Sufism}}
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| ==General description==
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| The title ''Masnavi-I Ma'navi'' means "Rhyming Couplets of Profound Spiritual Meaning." The Masnavi is a poetic collection of rambling anecdotes and stories derived from the [[Quran]], [[hadith]] sources, and everyday tales. Stories are told to illustrate a point and each moral is discussed in detail. It incorporates a variety of Islamic wisdom but primarily focuses on emphasizing inward personal Sufi interpretation. This work by Rumi is referred to as a “sober” Sufi text. It reasonably presents the various dimensions of Sufi spiritual life and advises disciples on their spiritual paths. “More generally, it is aimed at anyone who has time to sit down and ponder the meaning of life and existence.”<ref>Jalāl, Al-Dīn Rūmī, and William C. Chittick. The Sufi Path of Love: the Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany: State University of New York, 1983. Print.Pg 6)</ref>
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| [[Image:Turkey.Konya049.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<center>''Masnavi'', a calligraphic specimen from 1490, Mevlâna mausoleum, Konya, Turkey </center>]]
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| ==Creation of the ''Masnavi''==
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| The ''Masnavi'' was a Sufi masterpiece started during the final years of Rumi’s life. He began dictating the first book around the age of 54 around the year 1258 and continued composing verses until his death in 1273. The sixth and final book would remain incomplete.<ref>(Franklin Lewis, "Rumi, Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi," Oneworld Publications, England, 2000.)</ref>
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| It is documented that Rumi began dictating the verses of the ''Masnavi'' at the request of his treasured disciple, Husam al-Din Chalabi, who observed that many of Rumi’s followers dutifully read the works of Sana’i and ‘Attar. Thus, Rumi began creating a work in the didactic style of Sana’i and ‘Attar to complement his other poetry. These men met regularly in meetings where Rumi would deliver the verses and Chalabi would record it and recite back to him. During the final years of Rumi’s life, the Masnavi was being created.<ref>Jalāl, Al-Dīn Rūmī, and William C. Chittick. The Sufi Path of Love: the Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany: State University of New York, 1983. Print. Pgs 5-6</ref>
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| Each book consists of about 4,000 verses and contains its own prose introduction and prologue. Considering there are no epilogues, one must read the proceeding volumes to fully benefit from the wisdom presented by Rumi. Some scholars suggest that in addition to the incomplete work of Book 6, there might be a seventh volume.<ref>Rumi, Jalal Al-Din. Rumi The Masnavi Book One. Trans. Jawid Mojaddedi. Oxford UP, 2004. Print. Pg xxii</ref>
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| ==Themes in the ''Masnavi''==
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| The six books of the Masnavi can be divided into three groups of two because each pair is linked by a common theme:<ref>Jalāl, Al-Dīn Rūmī, and Alan Williams. Spiritual Verses: the First Book of the Masnavi-ye Manavi. London: Penguin, 2006. Print. Pgs xx-xxvi</ref> | |
| [[Image:JALAL AL–DIN MUHAMMAD RUMI MATHNAVI-I MA’NAVI1.jpg|250px|thumb|''Masvani'' manuscript in Persian on paper, Shiraz, 1479.]]
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| * Books 1 and 2: They “are principally concerned with the ''nafs'', the lower carnal self, and its self-deception and evil tendencies.”
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| * Books 3 and 4: These books share the principal themes of Reason and Knowledge. These two themes are personified by Rumi in the Biblical and Quranic figure of the Prophet Moses.
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| * Books 5 and 6: These last two books are joined by the universal ideal that man must deny his physical earthly existence to understand God’s existence.
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| In addition to the reoccurring themes presented in each book, Rumi includes multiple
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| points of view or voices that continually invite his readers to fall into “imaginative enchantment.” There are seven principal voices that Rumi uses in his writing:
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| # The Authorial Voice – Each passage reflects the authority of the majestic Sufi teacher narrating the story. This voice generally appears when it addresses ''You, God,'' and ''you, of all humankind.''
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| # The Story-telling Voice – The primary story is occasionally interrupted by side stories that help clarify a point being made in the original statement. Rumi sometimes takes hundreds of lines to make a point because he is constantly interrupting himself.
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| # The Analogical Voice – This voice interrupts the flow of the narration because it entertains an analogy which is used to explain a statement made in the previous verse. Rumi’s Masnavi is filled with analogies.
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| # The Voice of Speech and Dialogue of Characters – Rumi conveys many of his stories through dialogue and speeches presented by his characters.
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| # The Moral Reflection – Rumi supports his voice of morality by including quotations from the Quran and various hadith stories of events in the life of the Prophet Mohammed.
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| # The Spiritual Discourse – The Spiritual Discourse resembles the Analogical Voice where Rumi always includes a moral reflection on the wisdom revealed.
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| # Hiatus – Rumi occasionally questions the wisdom conveyed though the verses. “Sometimes Rumi says that he cannot say more because of the reader’s incapacity to understand.”
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| ==Style of Rumi's ''Masnavi''==
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| Book one of the ''Masnavi'' must be read in order to understand the other five volumes. It is a poetic art where Rumi layers his writing. For example, he begins a story, then moves on to a story within that story, and again moves to another within that one. Through this composition style, the poet’s personal voice comes through to his audience. The Masnavi has no framed plot. Its tone includes a variety of scenes. It includes popular stories from the local bazaar to fables and tales from Rumi’s time. It also includes quotations from the Quran and from hadith accounts from the time of Mohammed.
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| Although there is no constant frame, style, or plot, Rumi generally follows a certain writing pattern that flows in the following order:<ref>Jalāl, Al-Dīn Rūmī, and Alan Williams. Spiritual Verses: the First Book of the Masnavi-ye Manavi. London: Penguin, 2006. Print. Pgs xvii-xix</ref>
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| :<math>\mathrm{Problem/Theme \longrightarrow Complication \longrightarrow Resolution}</math>
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| ==English translations==
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| [[File:JALAL AL–DIN MUHAMMAD RUMI MATHNAVI-I MA’NAVI2.jpg|250px|thumb|A manuscript of the Masnavi from the city of [[Shiraz]].]]
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| * ''The Mesnevi of Mevlānā Jelālu'd-dīn er-Rūmī. Book first, together with some account of the life and acts of the Author, of his ancestors, and of his descendants, illustrated by a selection of characteristic anedocts, as collected by their historian, Mevlānā Shemsu'd-dīn Ahmed el-Eflākī el-'Arifī'', translated and the poetry versified by James W. Redhouse, London: 1881. Contains the translation of the first book only.
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| * ''Masnaví-i Ma'naví, the Spiritual Couplets of Mauláná Jalálu'd-din Muhammad Rúmí'', translated and abridged by [[E. H. Whinfield]], London: 1887; 1989. Abridged version from the complete poem. On-line editions at [http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/masnavi/index.htm Sacred Texts] and on [[s:Masnavi I Ma'navi|wikisource]].
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| * ''The Masnavī by Jalālu'd-din Rūmī. Book II'', translated for the first time from the Persian into prose, with a Commentary, by C.E. Wilson, London: 1910.
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| * ''The Mathnawí of Jalálu'ddín Rúmí'', edited from the oldest manuscripts available, with critical notes, translation and commentary by [[Reynold A. Nicholson]], in 8 volumes, London: Messrs Luzac & Co., 1925-1940. Contains the text in Persian. First complete English translation of the ''Mathnawí''.
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| * ''The Masnavi: Book One'', translated by [[Jawid Mojaddedi]], Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-19-280438-3. Translated for the first time from the Persian edition prepared by Mohammad Estelami, with an introduction and explanatory notes. Awarded the 2004 Lois Roth Prize for excellence in translation of Persian literature by the American Institute of Iranian Studies.
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| * Rumi, ''Spiritual Verses'', The First Book of the ''Masnavi-ye Ma'navi'', newly translated from the latest Persian edition of M. Este'lami, with an Introduction on a reader's approach to Rumi's writing, and with explanatory Notes, by Alan Williams, London and New York, Penguin Classics, Penguin, xxxv + 422 pp. 2006 ISBN 0-14-044791-1.
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| * ''The Masnavi: Book Two'', translated by Jawid Mojaddedi, Oxford World's Classics Series, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-921259-0. The first ever verse translation of the unabridged text of Book Two, with an introduction and explanatory notes.
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| Mathnawi Rumi, translation by M.G. Gupta with Rajeev, in six volumes Hardbound edition, M.G. Publishers, Agra, Paperback edition, Huma Books Inc., New Delhi. Source material is the Persian text circulated by the Department of Culture, Government of India, New Delhi.
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| ==Paraphrases of English translations==
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| * ''The Essential Rumi'', translated by [[Coleman Barks]] with John Moyne, A. J. Arberry, Reynold Nicholson, San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1996 ISBN 0-06-250959-4; Edison (NJ) and New York: Castle Books, 1997 ISBN 0-7858-0871-X. Selections.
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| *''The Illuminated Rumi'', translated by [[Coleman Barks]], Michael Green contributor, New York: Broadway Books, 1997 ISBN 0-7679-0002-2.
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| ==Russian translation==
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| A [[Russian language|Russian]] translation of the Masnavi was presented in the [[Russian State Library]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/arts-and-culture/104269-russian-translation-of-rumis-masnavi-unveiled-at-moscow-library |title=Russian translation of Rumi’s Masnavi unveiled at Moscow library |work=[[Tehran Times]] |date=2012-12-22}}</ref>
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| ==Urdu variation of Masnavi==
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| Masnavi in [[Urdu literature]] is a form of [[Urdu poetry|poetry]]. It is in the majority of cases a [[poetic]] romance. It may extend to several thousand lines, but generally is much shorter. A few masnavis deal with ordinary domestic and other occurrences. [[Mir]] and [[Sauda]] wrote some of this kind. They are always in heroic [[couplet]]s, and the common metre is [[bacchic]] [[tetrameter]] with an [[Iamb (foot)|iambus]] for last foot.<ref name="introduction">[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/bailey/000introduction.pdf A [[History of Urdu|History]] of [[Urdu literature]] by T. Grahame Bailey; ''Introduction'']</ref>
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| ==See also==
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| *[[List of stories in the Masnavi]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [[Wikisource:Masnavi I Ma'navi]]
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| * [http://www.rumisite.com Persian or Farsi version is available at www.RumiSite.com]
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| * [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2009/nov/30/rumi-masnavi-muslim-poetry Guardian series of blogs on the Masnavi by Franklin Lewis, 2009]
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| * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/masnavi/ An abridged version translated by E.H. Whinfield, (1898)]
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| * [http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org Dar al Masnavi]
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| * [http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/Turkey/treasures_en.xml Treasure of National Library of Turkey] 18th century Masnavi in Nesih calligraphy, Herat
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| * [http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2009/10/rumi-song-of-th-reed-from-persian.html Verse-translation of ''The Song of the Reed'']
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| * [http://www.dar-al-masnavi.org/n-I-0001.html The Song of the Reed (part one)]
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| * [http://masnawi.persianblog.ir Masnavi Stories Online Classes] (in Persian)
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| * [http://www.urdupoetry.com/poetryforms.html Urdu poetic forms]
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| {{Islamic Theology|state=uncollapsed}}
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| {{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
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| {{Persian literature}}
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| {{Urdu poetry}}
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| [[Category:Persian literature]]
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| [[Category:Sufi literature]]
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| [[Category:Devotional literature]]
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| [[Category:Rumi]]
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