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| '''Pondage''' usually refers to the comparably small water storage behind the [[weir]] of a [[run-of-the-river hydroelectric]] power plant. Such a power plant has considerably less storage than the reservoirs of large dams and conventional hydroelectric stations which can store water for long periods such as a dry season or year. With pondage, water is usually stored during periods of low electricity demand and days when the power plant is inactive, enabling its use as a [[peaking power plant]] in dry seasons and a [[base load power plant]] during wet seasons.<ref name="Dwivedi">{{cite book|last=Dwivedi|first=A.K. Raja, Amit Prakash Srivastava, Manish|title=Power Plant Engineering|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P-7kM_VZqxcC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354 |year=2006|publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-1831-7|page=354}}</ref> Ample pondage allows a power plant meet hourly [[Load balancing (electrical power)|load fluctuations]] for a period of a week or more.<ref name="HH">{{cite book|last=Joel De Witt Justin|first=William Pitcher Creager|title=Hydroelectric handbook|year=1950|publisher=Wiley|pages=162|oclc=1609321|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=u3b6hfhe2okC&q=Hydroelectric+handbook&dq=Hydroelectric+handbook&hl=en&ei=c3BvTfeFDMjQceLf5fgC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wadhwa|first=C.L.|title=Generation, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy|year=1993|publisher=New Age International (P) Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-0073-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=l1NQttrOQioC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20 |edition=Rev. |page=20}}</ref> | | Dwain precisely what you can call me and I totally love this designation. Administering databases just what I do in my day job and I'm doing very good financially. To draw 3d graphics will be the hobby she'll never stop doing. Vermont has always been my your house. I am running and maintaining a blog here: http://www.vimeo.com/104798091<br><br>Here is my web page ... [http://www.vimeo.com/104798091 Candice Swanepoel Nude] |
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| ==Calculation==
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| Because of the possibility of limited pondage, calculating its effect on power generation is important in determining how often the plant can be operated. The ''pondage factor'' is a rough index of the amount pondage needed when the stream flow is constant and the plant is operational during specific periods. It is calculated by the ratio of total inflow hours per week to the hours the power plant will be operated in that same period.<ref name=raghun>{{cite book|last=Raghunath|first=H.M.|title=Hydrology : principles, analysis, and design|year=2009|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-N1G5VSoRngC&pg=PA288&lpg=PA288 |publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-1825-2|edition=Rev. 2nd |page=288}}</ref> For example, if a river has an inflow for seven days a week and the plant operates for five of those days for eight hours:
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| :<math>\frac{7 \times 24}{5 \times 8} = 4.2</math>
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| 24-hour inflows and plant operation would have a pondage factor of one.
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| If power is used for twelve hours per day and during the inactive hours, relatively all inflows can be stored, then power can be doubled during active hours. In 12 hours there are 43,200 seconds and in {{Convert|1|acre.ft|m3|0|abbr=on}} there are {{Convert|43560|ft3|0|abbr=on}}. This gives an estimation and guide that for twelve hours of pondage, there must be as much storage available in the pond as cubic feet per section received.<ref name="HH"/>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| [[Category:Hydroelectricity]]
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| [[Category:Power station technology]]
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Latest revision as of 10:34, 9 May 2014
Dwain precisely what you can call me and I totally love this designation. Administering databases just what I do in my day job and I'm doing very good financially. To draw 3d graphics will be the hobby she'll never stop doing. Vermont has always been my your house. I am running and maintaining a blog here: http://www.vimeo.com/104798091
Here is my web page ... Candice Swanepoel Nude