Euler integral: Difference between revisions

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{{No footnotes|date=January 2014}}
 
In [[computer science]], '''shadow paging''' is a technique for providing [[Atomic (computer science)|atomicity]] and [[Durability (computer science) | durability]] (two of the [[ACID]] properties) in [[database system]]s.
 
A '''page''' in this context refers to a unit of physical storage (probably on a  [[hard disk]]), typically of the order of <math>2^{10}</math> to <math>2^{16}</math> [[byte]]s.
 
Shadow paging is a [[copy-on-write]] technique for avoiding [[in-place]] updates of pages.  Instead, when a page is to be modified, a '''shadow page''' is allocated. Since the shadow page has no references (from other pages on disk), it can be modified liberally, without concern for consistency constraints, etc.  When the page is ready to become [[Durability (computer science) | durable]], all pages that referred to the original are updated to refer to the new replacement page instead. Because the page is "activated" only when it is ready, it is [[Atomic (computer science)|atomic]].
 
If the referring pages must also be updated via shadow paging, this procedure may [[recursion | recurse]] many times, becoming quite costly. One solution, employed by the WAFL file system ([[Write Anywhere File Layout]]) is to be lazy about making pages durable (i.e. write-behind caching).  This increases performance significantly by avoiding many writes on hotspots high up in the referential hierarchy (e.g.: a file system superblock) at the cost of high commit latency.
 
[[Write ahead logging]] is a more popular solution that uses in-place updates.{{fact|date=September 2012}}
 
Shadow paging is similar to the '''old master-new master''' batch processing technique used in mainframe database systems. In these systems, the output of each batch run (possibly a day's work) was written to two separate [[Hard disk | disks]] or other form of storage medium.  One was kept for backup, and the other was used as the starting point for the next day's work.
 
Shadow paging is also similar to [[purely functional]] data structures, in that in-place updates are avoided.
 
==External links==
* [http://www.netapp.com/us/media/wp_3002.pdf File System Design for an NFS File Server Appliance] (The WAFL paper)
 
[[Category:Database algorithms]]
[[Category:Computer file systems]]

Latest revision as of 06:54, 28 December 2013

Template:No footnotes

In computer science, shadow paging is a technique for providing atomicity and durability (two of the ACID properties) in database systems.

A page in this context refers to a unit of physical storage (probably on a hard disk), typically of the order of 210 to 216 bytes.

Shadow paging is a copy-on-write technique for avoiding in-place updates of pages. Instead, when a page is to be modified, a shadow page is allocated. Since the shadow page has no references (from other pages on disk), it can be modified liberally, without concern for consistency constraints, etc. When the page is ready to become durable, all pages that referred to the original are updated to refer to the new replacement page instead. Because the page is "activated" only when it is ready, it is atomic.

If the referring pages must also be updated via shadow paging, this procedure may recurse many times, becoming quite costly. One solution, employed by the WAFL file system (Write Anywhere File Layout) is to be lazy about making pages durable (i.e. write-behind caching). This increases performance significantly by avoiding many writes on hotspots high up in the referential hierarchy (e.g.: a file system superblock) at the cost of high commit latency.

Write ahead logging is a more popular solution that uses in-place updates.Template:Fact

Shadow paging is similar to the old master-new master batch processing technique used in mainframe database systems. In these systems, the output of each batch run (possibly a day's work) was written to two separate disks or other form of storage medium. One was kept for backup, and the other was used as the starting point for the next day's work.

Shadow paging is also similar to purely functional data structures, in that in-place updates are avoided.

External links

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