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| The '''zero-crossing rate''' is the rate of sign-changes along a [[signal (information theory)|signal]], i.e., the rate at which the signal changes from positive to negative or back.<ref>* Chen, C. H., Signal processing handbook, Dekker, New York, 1988</ref> This feature has been used heavily in both [[speech recognition]] and [[music information retrieval]], being a key feature to classify percussive sounds.<ref>Gouyon F., Pachet F., Delerue O. (2000),[http://www.csl.sony.fr/downloads/papers/2000/gouyon-dafx2000.pdf Classifying percussive sounds: a matter of zero-crossing rate?], in Proceedings of the COST G-6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-00), Verona, Italy, December 7–9, 2000. Accessed 26th April 2011.</ref>
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| ZCR is defined formally as
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| :<math>zcr = \frac{1}{T-1} \sum_{t=1}^{T-1} {{\mathbb I}\left\{{s_t s_{t-1} < 0}\right\}}</math>
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| where <math>s</math> is a signal of length <math>T</math> and the indicator function <math>{{\mathbb I}\left\{{A}\right\}}</math> is 1 if its argument <math>A</math> is true and 0 otherwise.
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| In some cases only the "positive-going" or "negative-going" crossings are counted, rather than all the crossings - since, logically, between a pair of adjacent positive zero-crossings there must be one and only one negative zero-crossing.
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| For [[Monaural|monophonic]] tonal signals, the zero-crossing rate can be used as a primitive [[pitch detection algorithm]].
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| ==Applications==
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| Zero crossing rates are used for [[Voice activity detection]](VAD), i.e., finding whether a segment of speech is voiced or unvoiced.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Zero crossing]]
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| * [[Digital signal processing]]
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| [[Category:Signal processing]]
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| {{Signal-processing-stub}}
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