|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{other people|William Rutherford}}
| | Friends call her Claude Gulledge. She works as a financial officer and she will not change it whenever soon. To perform croquet is the pastime I will by no means quit performing. Arizona is her birth place and she will never move.<br><br>Have a look at my web blog; [http://valkyrjagc.org/index.php?mod=users&action=view&id=14605 valkyrjagc.org] |
| '''William Rutherford''' (1798–1871) was an [[English people|English]] [[mathematician]] famous for his calculation of 208 digits of the [[mathematical constant]] [[π]] in 1841. Only the first 152 digits were later found to be correct. However, that still broke the world record of the time which was held by the [[Slovenia]]n mathematician [[Jurij Vega]] since 1789 (126 first digits were correct)<ref>[http://www.math.auckland.ac.nz/class190/lectures/pi_history.pdf ''Use of the symbol π''] - Department of Mathematics, [[University of Auckland]]</ref> For the current world record, see [[Chronology of computation of π]].
| |
| Rutherford used the following formula:<ref>[http://www-math.cudenver.edu/~wcherowi/courses/history2/quad2.pdf ''Squaring the Circle''] - Department of Mathematical Sciences [[University of Colorado at Denver]]</ref>
| |
| | |
| :<math> {\pi\over 4} = 4 \arctan \left({1\over 5}\right) - \arctan \left({1\over 70}\right) + \arctan \left({1\over 99}\right)</math>
| |
| | |
| ==Life==
| |
| He was born about 1798. He was a master at a school at Woodburn from 1822 to 1825, when he went to [[Hawick]], [[Roxburghshire]], and he was later (1832–1837) a master at Corporation Academy, [[Berwick-on-Tweed]].<ref name=DNB>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Rutherford, William}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| In 1838 Rutherford obtained a mathematical post at the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]]. He was a member of the council of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] from 1844 to 1847, and honorary secretary in 1845 and 1846. He was a friend of [[Wesley S. B. Woolhouse]].<ref name=DNB/>
| |
| | |
| Rutherford retired from his post at Woolwich about 1864, and died on 16 September 1871, at his residence, Tweed Cottage, Maryon Road, [[Charlton, London|Charlton]], at the age of seventy-three.<ref name=DNB/>
| |
| | |
| ==Works==
| |
| Rutherford was the editor, with Stephen Fenwick and (for the first volume only) with [[Thomas Stephen Davies]], of ''The Mathematician'', vol. i. 1845, vol. ii. 1847, vol. iii. 1850, to which he contributed many papers. He sent problems, solutions and papers to ''[[The Ladies' Diary]]'' from 1822 to 1869, and also contributed to the ''[[Gentlemen's Diary]]''. His mathematical studies were of a traditional type.<ref name=DNB/>
| |
| | |
| Rutherford edited
| |
| | |
| * ''Simson's Euclid'' (1841, 1847);
| |
| * [[Charles Hutton]]'s ''Course of Mathematics'', for Woolwich, 1841, 1846, 1854, 1860;
| |
| * [[John Bonnycastle]]'s ''Algebra'', with [[William Galbraith (mathematician)|William Galbraith]], 1848;
| |
| * Thomas Carpenter's ''Arithmetic'', 1852, 1859;
| |
| * Edwin Colman Tyson's ''Key to Bonnycastle's Arithmetic'', 1860;
| |
| | |
| He published also:<ref name=DNB/>
| |
| | |
| * ''Computation of π to 208 Decimal Places (correct to 153)'', ''[[Philosophical Transactions]]'', 1841.
| |
| * ''Demonstration of Pascal's Theorem'', ''[[Philosophical Magazine]]'', 1843.
| |
| * ''Theorems in Co-ordinate Geometry'', ''Philosophical Magazine'', 1843.
| |
| * ''Elementary Propositions in the Geometry of Co-ordinates '' (with Stephen Fenwick), 1843.
| |
| * ''Earthwork Tables '' (with Charles K. Sibley), 1847.
| |
| * ''Complete Solution of Numerical Equations '', 1849.
| |
| * Arithmetic, Algebra, and Differential and Integral Calculus in ''Course of Mathematics for R.M.A. Woolwich '', 1850.
| |
| * ''The Extension of π to 440 Places'' (''Royal Society Proceedings'', 1853, p. 274).
| |
| * ''On Statical Friction and Revetments '', 1859.
| |
| | |
| He also wrote mathematical pamphlets, including one on the solution of [[spherical triangle]]s.<ref name=DNB/>
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| * [[History of π]]
| |
| * [[History of numerical approximations of π]]
| |
| * [[Yasumasa Kanada]]
| |
| | |
| ==References and notes==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ;Attribution
| |
| {{DNB|wstitle=Rutherford, William}}
| |
| | |
| {{Authority control|VIAF=5360542}}
| |
| | |
| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| |
| | NAME = Rutherford, William
| |
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| |
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = British mathematician
| |
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 1798
| |
| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
| |
| | DATE OF DEATH = 1871
| |
| | PLACE OF DEATH =
| |
| }}
| |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Rutherford, William}}
| |
| [[Category:1798 births]]
| |
| [[Category:Pi]]
| |
| [[Category:19th-century English mathematicians]]
| |
| [[Category:1871 deaths]]
| |
Friends call her Claude Gulledge. She works as a financial officer and she will not change it whenever soon. To perform croquet is the pastime I will by no means quit performing. Arizona is her birth place and she will never move.
Have a look at my web blog; valkyrjagc.org