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'''Perveance''' is a notion used in the description of [[charged particle beam]]s. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam’s motion. The term is used primarily for [[electron]] beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge.
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== Origin of the word ==
The word was probably created from Latin ''pervenio''–to attain.
 
== Definition ==
For an electron gun, the gun perveance <math>P</math> is determined as a [[coefficient]] of proportionality between a space-charge limited current, <math>I</math>, and the gun [[anode]] voltage, <math>U_a</math>, in three-half power in the Child- Langmuir law <ref>''Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering'', edited by A.W. Chao and M. Tigner, World Scientific, 1999, p.&nbsp;100</ref>
 
<math>{I} = {P}\cdot U_a^\frac{3}{2}</math>
 
The same notion is used for non-[[Theory of relativity|relativistic]] beams propagating through a [[vacuum chamber]]. In this case, the beam is assumed to have been accelerated in a stationary electric field so that <math>U_a</math> is the potential difference between the emitter and the vacuum chamber, and the ratio of
<math>\frac{I}{U_a^\frac{3}{2}}</math> is referred to as a beam perveance.
In equations describing motion of relativistic beams, contribution of the space charge appears as a dimensionless parameter called the generalized perveance <math>K</math><ref>Lawson, J. D., J. Electron. Control 5, 146 (1958).</ref><ref>M. Reiser, ''Theory and Design of charged particle beams'', John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994</ref> defined as
 
<math>{K} = \frac{{I}}{{I_0}}\cdot\frac{{2}}{{\beta}^3{\gamma}^3}\cdot (1-\gamma^2f_e)</math>,
 
where <math>{I_0}=4\pi\varepsilon_{0}\cdot\frac{m c^3}{e}\approx 17 \mathrm{kA}</math>(for electrons) is the Budker (or Alfven) current; <math>\mathbf{\beta}</math> and <math>\mathbf{\gamma}</math> are the relativistic factors, and <math>f_e</math> is the neutralization factor.
 
==Examples ==
The 6S4A<ref>[http://www.tubebooks.org/tubedata/HB-3/Receiving_Tubes_Part_2/6S4-A.PDF] RCA Receiving Tube Manual - 6S4-A</ref> is an example of a high perveance [[triode]]. The triode section of a 6AU8A becomes a high-perveance [[diode]] when its [[control grid]] is employed as the [[anode]].<ref>[http://tubedata.milbert.com/sheets/093/6/6AU8A.pdf] 1959 General Electric Tube Manual - 6AU8-A</ref> Each section of a 6AL5 is a high-perveance diode<ref>[http://www.r-type.org/pdfs/6al5.pdf] 1954 General Electric Tube Manual - 6AL5</ref> as opposed to a 1J3 which requires over 100V to reach only 2mA.<ref>[http://www.mif.pg.gda.pl/homepages/frank/sheets/093/1/1J3.pdf] 1957 General Electric Tube Manual - 1J3</ref>
 
Perveance does not relate directly to current handling. Another high-perveance diode, the diode section of a 33GY7, shows similar perveance to a 6AL5, but handles 15 times greater current, at almost 13 times maximum [[peak inverse voltage]].<ref>[http://frank.pocnet.net/sheets/127/3/33GY7.pdf] 1965 Tung-Sol Tube Manual - 33GY7</ref>
 
== References ==
<references/>
 
[[Category:Accelerator physics]]
[[Category:Experimental particle physics]]

Latest revision as of 15:01, 18 July 2014

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