|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''Sir Thomas Muir''' [[Royal Society|FRS]]<ref>{{cite doi|10.1098/rsbm.1934.0002}}</ref> (25 August 1844 – 21 March 1934) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[mathematician]], remembered as an authority on [[determinant]]s.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1038/132271a0}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1038/134449a0}}</ref><ref>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Muir}}</ref> He was born in Stonebyres in [[South Lanarkshire]], and brought up in the small town of [[Biggar, Scotland|Biggar]]. At the [[University of Glasgow]] he changed his studies from classics to [[mathematics]] after advice from the future [[Lord Kelvin]]. After graduating he held positions at the [[University of St Andrews]] and the [[University of Glasgow]]. From 1874 to 1892 he taught at [[High School of Glasgow|Glasgow High School]]. In 1882 he published ''Treatise on the theory of determinants''; then in 1890 he published a ''History of determinants''. In his 1882 work, Muir rediscovered an important lemma that was first proved by Cayley 35 years earlier:<ref>{{cite journal
| | I am 25 years old and my name is Jamison Trenwith. I life in Herouville-Saint-Clair (France).<br><br>My webpage; Fifa 15 Coin Generator - [http://www.hzwuhai.com/plus/guestbook.php www.hzwuhai.com] - |
| | last1 = Cayley
| |
| | first1 = Arthur
| |
| | authorlink1 = Arthur Cayley
| |
| | year = 1847
| |
| | title = Sur les determinants gauches
| |
| | trans_title = On skew determinants
| |
| | journal = Crelle's Journal
| |
| | volume = 38
| |
| | pages = 93–96
| |
| }}</ref>
| |
| | |
| If B is a [[skew symmetric matrix]], then its [[determinant]] is equal to the square of its [[Pfaffian]]:
| |
| | |
| :<math>\det(\mathbf{B})=\operatorname{pf}^2(\mathbf{B}) \, </math>
| |
| | |
| From 1892 he was in [[South Africa]] working in education, and then in administration at the [[University of the Cape]]. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and in 1900 a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27muir%27%29| title = Library and Archive Cataloge|publisher = Royal Society|accessdate = 2012-03-05}}</ref> He was installed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1901 and knighted in 1915.
| |
| | |
| From 1906 onwards he published a five-volume expansion of his history of determinants, the final part (1929) taking the theory to 1920. A further book followed in 1930.
| |
| | |
| His name now attaches to a [[Duality (mathematics)|duality]] theorem on relations between [[Minor (matrix)|minors]]. In more abstract language, it is a general result on the equations defining [[Grassmannian]]s as [[algebraic variety|algebraic varieties]].
| |
| | |
| ==Publications by Sir Thomas Muir==
| |
| * ''The Theory of the Determinant in the Historical Order of Development''. 4 vols. New York: Dover Publications 1960
| |
| * ''A Treatise on the Theory of Determinants''. Revised and Enlarged by William H. Metzler. New York: Dover Publications 1960
| |
| * "A Second Budget of Exercises on Determinants", ''[[American Mathematical Monthly]]'', Vol. 31, No. 6. (June, 1924), pp. 264–274
| |
| * "Note on the Transformation of a Determinant into any Other Equivalent Determinant", The Analyst, Vol. 10, No. 1. (Jan 1883), pp. 8–9
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| * {{Wikisource author-inline|Thomas Muir}}
| |
| | |
| {{Authority control|VIAF=37012618|LCCN=n/84/801732}}
| |
| | |
| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| |
| | NAME = Muir, Thomas
| |
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| |
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = British mathematician
| |
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 25 August 1844
| |
| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
| |
| | DATE OF DEATH = 21 March 1934
| |
| | PLACE OF DEATH =
| |
| }}
| |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Muir, Thomas}}
| |
| [[Category:1844 births]]
| |
| [[Category:1934 deaths]]
| |
| [[Category:People from South Lanarkshire]]
| |
| [[Category:Scottish mathematicians]]
| |
| [[Category:Scottish scholars and academics]]
| |
| [[Category:Alumni of the University of Glasgow]]
| |
| [[Category:Academics of the University of St Andrews]]
| |
| [[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
| |
| [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
| |
| [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| {{UK-mathematician-stub}}
| |
| {{Scotland-bio-stub}}
| |
I am 25 years old and my name is Jamison Trenwith. I life in Herouville-Saint-Clair (France).
My webpage; Fifa 15 Coin Generator - www.hzwuhai.com -