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In [[particle physics]], a '''ghost condensate''' is a speculative proposal in which a [[Faddeev–Popov ghost|ghost]], an excitation of a field with a wrong sign of the [[kinetic term]], acquires a [[vacuum expectation value]]. This phenomenon breaks [[Lorentz invariance]] [[spontaneous symmetry breaking|spontaneously]]. Around the new [[vacuum state]], all excitations have a positive norm, and therefore the probabilities are positive definite.


We have a real [[scalar field]] φ with the following action
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:<math>S=\int d^4x \left[aX^2-bX\right]</math>
 
where a and b are positive [[coefficient|constant]]s and
 
:<math>X\ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\  \frac{1}{2}\eta^{\mu\nu}\partial_\mu \phi \partial_\nu \phi</math>
 
in the +--- [[sign convention]].
 
The theories of ghost condensate predict specific [[non-Gaussianity|non-Gaussianities]] of the [[cosmic microwave background]]. These theories have been proposed by [[Nima Arkani-Hamed]], [[Markus Luty]], and others.
 
Unfortunately, this theory allows for [[superluminal]] propagation of information in some cases and has no [[lower bound]] on its energy. This model doesn't admit a [[Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)|Hamiltonian]] formulation (the [[Legendre transform]] is [[multi-valued]] because the momentum function isn't convex) because it is [[Anticausal system|acausal]]. Quantizing this theory leads to problems.
 
[[Category:Particle physics]]
 
 
{{particle-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:15, 5 May 2014


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