Idempotency of entailment: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Lungvolumes.svg|thumb|250px|Output of a spirometer]]
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'''Vital capacity''' is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum [[inhalation]]. It is equal to the sum of [[inspiratory reserve volume]], [[tidal volume]], and [[expiratory reserve volume]].
 
A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular [[spirometry|spirometer]]. In combination with other physiological measurements, the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying [[lung disease]]. Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in [[neuromuscular disease]], and can guide treatment decisions in [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] and [[Myasthenia gravis|myasthenic crisis]].{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}
 
A normal adult has a vital capacity between 3 and 5&nbsp;litres.<ref name=VCaFPn/> A human's vital capacity depends on age, sex, height, weight, and ethnicity.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hutchinson|first=J|title=On the capacity of the lungs, and on the respiratory functions, with a view of establishing a precise and easy method of detecting disease by the spirometer|journal=Med Chir Trans|year=1846|volume=29|pages=137–252|pmc=2116876}}</ref>
 
[[Lung volumes]] and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. Lung volumes are directly measured, whereas lung capacities are inferred from volumes.
 
== Estimated vital capacities ==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" width="1000"
|+ Males by height<ref name=pratt22>{{cite journal| publisher = W. J. Dornan, Incorporated| pages = 182–197| last = Pratt| first = Joseph H.| journal = Transactions of the Association of American Physicians| title = Long-continued observations on the vital capacity in health and in heart disease| year = 1922|volume=37|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XZRIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA182}}</ref>{{rp|182}}
! Height
| 150–155&nbsp;cm (5'–5'2") || 155–160&nbsp;cm (5'2"–5'4") || 160–165&nbsp;cm (5'4"–5'6") || 165–170&nbsp;cm (5'6"–5'8") || 170–175&nbsp;cm (5'8"–5'10") || 175–180&nbsp;cm (5'10"–6')
|-
! Vital capacity (cm<sup>3</sup>)
| 2900 || 3150 || 3400 || 3720 || 3950 || 4300
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="5" width="1000"
|+ Males by age<ref name=pratt22 />{{rp|183}}
! Age
| 15–25 || 25–35 || 35–45 || 45–55 || 55–65
|-
! Vital capacity (cm<sup>3</sup>)
| 3425 || 3500 || 3225 || 3050 || 2850
|}
 
===Formulas===
Vital capacity increases with height and decreases with age. Formulas to estimate vital capacity are:<ref name=VCaFPn>{{cite web |url=http://www.fpnotebook.com/Lung/Lab/VtlCpcty.htm |title=Vital Capacity|work= Family Practice Notebook }}</ref>
<br />
<center>
<math>
\begin{align}
vc_{male} = (27.63 - 0.112 a ) \cdot h \\
vc_{female} = (21.78 - 0.101 a ) \cdot h \\
\end{align}
</math>
</center>
<br />
where <math>vc</math> is approximate vital capacity in cm<sup>3</sup>, <math>a</math> is age in years, and <math>h</math> is height in cm.
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* {{GPnotebook|-1281753041|Vital capacity}}
 
{{Respiratory physiology}}
 
[[Category:Respiratory physiology]]
 
{{Respiratory-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:24, 19 October 2014

Luke Bryan is a celebrity within the earning as well as the vocation growth first next to his 3rd studio record, And , will be the resistant. He burst on the scene in 2007 along with his special mix of lower-home convenience, video legend very good seems and lyrics, is set t inside a major way. The newest recor about the region graph and #2 in the pop charts, making it the next maximum first appearance during that time of 2015 for the land performer.

The child of any , is aware determination and dedication are key elements in terms of an excellent career- . His first recording, Keep Me, made the most cheap luke bryan tickets (http://www.banburycrossonline.com) notable hits “All My Buddies “Country and Say” Gentleman,” whilst his effort, Doin’ Thing, located the vocalist-three directly No. 7 single men and women: Different Calling Is a Fantastic Factor.”

From luke bryan tour schedule 2014 the fall of 2015, Concert tours: Luke Bryan & that have an amazing set of , including City. “It’s almost like luke bryan is from where you are getting a acceptance to travel to another level, affirms those performers that had been a part of the Concert toursmore than right into a larger level of artists.” It wrapped as among the most successful tours within its 10-year background.

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