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{{distinguish2|[[Newton scale]], a rarely used non-SI temperature scale}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2012}}
 
{{Infobox Unit
| bgcolour =
| name = Newton
| image =
| caption =
| standard = [[SI derived unit]]
| quantity = [[Force]]
| symbol = N
| dimension = M&sdot;L&sdot;T<sup>&minus;2</sup>
| namedafter = [[Sir Isaac Newton]]
| extralabel = In [[SI base unit]]s:
| extradata = 1 N = 1 [[kilogram|kg]]·[[metre|m]]/[[second|s]]<sup>2</sup>
}}
The '''newton''' (symbol: '''N''') is the [[International System of Units]] (SI) [[SI derived unit|derived unit]] of [[force]]. It is named after [[Isaac Newton]] in recognition of his work on [[classical mechanics]], specifically [[Newton's laws of motion#Newton's second law|Newton's second law of motion]].
 
==Definition==
In 1946, [[Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures]] (CGPM) resolution 2 standardized the unit of force in the [[MKS system of units]] to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 [[kilogram]] of mass at the rate of 1 [[metre per second squared]]. The 9th CGPM, held in 1948, then adopted the name "newton" for this unit in resolution 7.<ref name="ISU1977"/> This name honors the English physicist and mathematician [[Isaac Newton]], who laid the foundations for most of [[classical mechanics]]. The newton thus became the standard unit of force in [[le Système International d'Unités]] (SI), or [[International System of Units]].
 
[[Newton's laws of motion|Newton's second law of motion]] states that {{math|1=''F'' = ''ma''}}, where ''F'' is the force applied, ''m'' is the mass of the object receiving the force, and ''a'' is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore:<ref>{{cite web|title = Table 3. Coherent derived units in the SI with special names and symbols | work = The International System of Units (SI) | publisher = [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures]] | year = 2006 | url = http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-2/table3.html}}</ref>
 
:<math>{1~{\rm N} = 1~{\rm kg} \frac{{\rm m}} {{\rm s}^2}}</math>
 
where the following symbols are used for the units:
: N: newton
: kg: [[kilogram]]
: m: [[metre]]
: s: [[second]].
 
In [[dimensional analysis]]:
:<math>{\mathsf F} = \frac{\mathsf {ML}} {{\mathsf T}^2}</math>
where
: '''M''': mass
: '''L''': length
: '''T''': time.
 
{{SI unit lowercase|Isaac Newton|newton|N}}
 
==Examples==
*1&nbsp;N is the force of [[Earth's gravity]] on a mass of about 102&nbsp;g = ({{frac|1|[[Standard gravity|9.81]]}}&nbsp;kg).
*On Earth's surface, a mass of 1&nbsp;kg exerts a force of approximately 9.81&nbsp;N [down] (or 1.0&nbsp;[[kilogram-force]]; 1&nbsp;kgf = 9.80665&nbsp;N by definition). The approximation of 1&nbsp;kgf corresponding to 10&nbsp;N (1 [[deca-|decanewton]] or daN) is sometimes used as a rule of thumb in everyday life and in engineering.
*The force of Earth's gravity on (= the [[weight]] of) a human being with a mass of 70&nbsp;kg is approximately 686&nbsp;N.
*The [[dot product]] of force and distance is [[mechanical work]]. Thus, in SI units, a force of 1&nbsp;N exerted over a distance of 1&nbsp;m is 1&nbsp;N·m of work.  The [[Mechanical work|Work-Energy Theorem]] states that the work done on a body is equal to the change in energy of the body. 1&nbsp;N·m = 1&nbsp;J ([[joule]]), the SI unit of energy.
*It is common to see forces expressed in kilonewtons or kN, where 1&nbsp;kN&nbsp;= 1,000&nbsp;N. See [[SI prefix]].
 
==Common use of kilonewtons in construction==
Kilonewtons are often used for stating safety holding values of [[fasteners]], [[Earth anchor|anchors]], and more in the [[Construction|building]] industry. They are also often used in the specifications for [[rock climbing]] equipment. The safe working loads in both [[Tension (physics)|tension]] and [[Shear stress|shear]] measurements can be stated in kilonewtons. Injection moulding machines, used to manufacture plastic parts, are classed by kilonewton (i.e., the amount of clamping force they apply to the mould).
 
On the Earth's surface, 1&nbsp;kN is about 101.97162 kilogram-force of load, so multiplying the kilonewton value by 100 (i.e. using a slightly conservative and easier to calculate value) is a good rule of thumb.<ref>http://www.convertunits.com/from/kilonewtons/to/kilograms-force</ref>
 
==Conversion factors==
{{Units of force}}
 
{{GravEngAbs}}
 
==See also==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Force gauge]]
* [[International System of Units]] (SI)
* [[Joule]], SI unit of [[energy]], 1 newton exerted over a distance of 1 metre
* [[Kilogram-force]], force exerted by Earth's gravity at sea level on one kilogram of mass
* [[Kip (unit)]]
* [[Pascal (unit)|Pascal]], SI unit of [[pressure]], 1 newton acting on an area of 1 [[square metre]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (force)]]
* [[Pound (force)]]
* [[Sthène]]
{{div col end}}
 
== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="ISU1977">{{Citation
| author    = International Bureau of Weights and Measures
| title    = The international system of units
| issue    = 330–331
| edition  = 3rd
| publisher = U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards
| page      = 17
| year      = 1977
| isbn      = 0745649742
| url      = http://books.google.com/books?id=YvZNdSdeCnEC&pg=PA17
| postscript= .
}}</ref>
}}
 
{{SI units}}
 
[[Category:Units of force]]
[[Category:SI derived units]]

Revision as of 13:24, 16 December 2013

Template:Distinguish2 Template:Use British English

Template:Infobox Unit The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second law of motion.

Definition

In 1946, Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) resolution 2 standardized the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second squared. The 9th CGPM, held in 1948, then adopted the name "newton" for this unit in resolution 7.[1] This name honors the English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton, who laid the foundations for most of classical mechanics. The newton thus became the standard unit of force in le Système International d'Unités (SI), or International System of Units.

Newton's second law of motion states that Buying, selling and renting HDB and personal residential properties in Singapore are simple and transparent transactions. Although you are not required to engage a real property salesperson (generally often known as a "public listed property developers In singapore agent") to complete these property transactions, chances are you'll think about partaking one if you are not accustomed to the processes concerned.

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Another method by way of which you could find out whether the agent is sweet is by checking the feedback, of the shoppers, on the website. There are various individuals would publish their comments on the web site of the Singapore property agent. You can take a look at these feedback and the see whether it will be clever to hire that specific Singapore property agent. You may even get in contact with the developer immediately. Many Singapore property brokers know the developers and you may confirm the goodwill of the agent by asking the developer., where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object receiving the force, and a is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore:[2]

1N=1kgms2

where the following symbols are used for the units:

N: newton
kg: kilogram
m: metre
s: second.

In dimensional analysis:

F=MLT2

where

M: mass
L: length
T: time.

Template:SI unit lowercase

Examples

  • 1 N is the force of Earth's gravity on a mass of about 102 g = (Template:Frac kg).
  • On Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg exerts a force of approximately 9.81 N [down] (or 1.0 kilogram-force; 1 kgf = 9.80665 N by definition). The approximation of 1 kgf corresponding to 10 N (1 decanewton or daN) is sometimes used as a rule of thumb in everyday life and in engineering.
  • The force of Earth's gravity on (= the weight of) a human being with a mass of 70 kg is approximately 686 N.
  • The dot product of force and distance is mechanical work. Thus, in SI units, a force of 1 N exerted over a distance of 1 m is 1 N·m of work. The Work-Energy Theorem states that the work done on a body is equal to the change in energy of the body. 1 N·m = 1 J (joule), the SI unit of energy.
  • It is common to see forces expressed in kilonewtons or kN, where 1 kN = 1,000 N. See SI prefix.

Common use of kilonewtons in construction

Kilonewtons are often used for stating safety holding values of fasteners, anchors, and more in the building industry. They are also often used in the specifications for rock climbing equipment. The safe working loads in both tension and shear measurements can be stated in kilonewtons. Injection moulding machines, used to manufacture plastic parts, are classed by kilonewton (i.e., the amount of clamping force they apply to the mould).

On the Earth's surface, 1 kN is about 101.97162 kilogram-force of load, so multiplying the kilonewton value by 100 (i.e. using a slightly conservative and easier to calculate value) is a good rule of thumb.[3]

Conversion factors

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Template:GravEngAbs

See also

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Notes and references

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Template:SI units

  1. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ISU1977
  2. Template:Cite web
  3. http://www.convertunits.com/from/kilonewtons/to/kilograms-force