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== | {{distinguish|GGGT}} | ||
{{Pfam_box | |||
| Symbol = G_glu_transpept | |||
| Name = Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase | |||
| image = | |||
| width = | |||
| caption = | |||
| Pfam= PF01019 | |||
| InterPro= IPR000101 | |||
| SMART= | |||
| Prosite = PDOC00404 | |||
| SCOP = | |||
| TCDB = | |||
| OPM family= | |||
| OPM protein= | |||
| PDB= | |||
}} | |||
{{Infobox enzyme | |||
| Name = gamma-glutamyltransferase | |||
| EC_number = 2.3.2.2 | |||
| CAS_number = 9046-27-9 | |||
| IUBMB_EC_number = 2/3/2/2 | |||
| GO_code = 0003840 | |||
| image = | |||
| width = | |||
| caption = | |||
}} | |||
{{Infobox protein | |||
| Name = [[GGT1|gamma-glutamyltransferase 1]] | |||
| caption = | |||
| image = | |||
| width = | |||
| HGNCid = 4250 | |||
| Symbol = [[GGT1]] | |||
| AltSymbols = GGT | |||
| EntrezGene = 2678 | |||
| OMIM = 231950 | |||
| RefSeq = NM_001032364 | |||
| UniProt = P19440 | |||
| PDB = | |||
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.2 | |||
| Chromosome = 22 | |||
| Arm = q | |||
| Band = 11.1-11.2 | |||
| LocusSupplementaryData = | |||
}} | |||
{{Infobox protein | |||
| Name = gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 | |||
| caption = | |||
| image = | |||
| width = | |||
| HGNCid = 4251 | |||
| Symbol = GGT2 | |||
| AltSymbols = GGT | |||
| EntrezGene = 2679 | |||
| OMIM = 137181 | |||
| RefSeq = NM_002058 | |||
| UniProt = P36268 | |||
| PDB = | |||
| ECnumber = 2.3.2.2 | |||
| Chromosome = 22 | |||
| Arm = q | |||
| Band = 11.1-11.2 | |||
| LocusSupplementaryData = | |||
}} | |||
'''Gamma-glutamyltransferase''' or '''gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase''' (also '''γ-glutamyltransferase''', '''GGT''', '''GGTP''', '''gamma-GT''') ({{EC number|2.3.2.2}}) is an [[enzyme]] that transfers gamma-glutamyl [[functional group]]s. It is found in many tissues, the most notable one being the [[liver]], and has significance in [[medicine]] as a diagnostic marker. | |||
== | GGT<ref name="PUB00003561">{{cite journal |author=Tate SS, Meister A |title=gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase from kidney |journal=Meth. Enzymol. |volume=113 |issue= |pages=400–419 |year=1985 |pmid=2868390 |doi=10.1016/S0076-6879(85)13053-3 |series=Methods in Enzymology |isbn=978-0-12-182013-8}}</ref> catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of [[glutathione]] to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming [[glutamate]]). GGT plays a key role in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, a pathway for the synthesis and degradation of glutathione and drug and xenobiotic detoxification.<ref name="PUB00006169">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0006-2952(92)90140-E |author=Siest G, Courtay C, Oster T, Michelet F, Visvikis A, Diederich M, Wellman M |title=Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma-glutamyltransferase polypeptide in human tissues |journal=Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=43 |issue=12 |pages=2527–2533 |year=1992 |pmid=1378736}}</ref> Other lines of evidence indicate that GGT can also exert a prooxidant role, with regulatory effects at various levels in cellular signal transduction and cellular pathophysiology,<ref name = dominici /> | ||
== Function == | |||
== | GGT is present in the [[cell membrane]]s of many tissues, including the [[kidney]]s, [[bile duct]], [[pancreas]], [[gallbladder]], [[spleen]], [[heart]], [[brain]], and [[seminal vesicles]].<ref name = goldberg /> It is involved in the transfer of [[amino acid]]s across the [[cellular membrane]]<ref name = meister /> and [[leukotriene]] metabolism.<ref name = pmid2860060 /> It is also involved in [[glutathione]] [[metabolism]] by transferring the [[Glutamic acid|glutamyl]] [[Functional group|moiety]] to a variety of acceptor molecules including water, certain [[Levorotation|L]]-[[amino acid]]s, and [[peptides]], leaving the [[cysteine]] product to preserve [[intracellular]] [[homeostasis]] of [[oxidative stress]].<ref name = pmid238530 /><ref name = pmid17665541 /> This general reaction is: | ||
:(5-L-glutamyl)-peptide + an amino acid <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> peptide + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid | |||
== | ==Structural studies== | ||
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it is an enzyme that consists of two polypeptide chains, a heavy and a light subunit, processed from a single chain precursor by an autocatalytic cleavage. The active site of GGT is known to be located in the light subunit. | |||
==Medical applications== | |||
GGT is predominantly used as a diagnostic marker for liver disease in [[medicine]]. | |||
[[Blood test results interpretation#Liver function|Blood test results for GGT]] suggest that the normal value for men is 15-85 IU/L, whereas for women it is 5-55 IU/L.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.humc.com/lab_outreach/lab_services_10U.pdf |title=General Laboratory Manual |page=117 |publisher=Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Centre |year=2010 |accessdate=20 November 2011}}</ref> | |||
< | Elevated [[Serum (blood)|serum]] GGT activity can be found in diseases of the liver, biliary system, and pancreas. In this respect, it is similar to [[alkaline phosphatase]] (ALP) in detecting disease of the [[biliary tract]]. Indeed, the two markers correlate well, though there is conflicting data about whether GGT has better [[Sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]].<ref name = betro /><ref name = lum /> In general, ALP is still the first test for biliary disease. The main value of GGT over ALP is in verifying that ALP elevations are, in fact, due to biliary disease; ALP can also be increased in certain bone diseases, but GGT is not.<ref name = lum /> More recently, slightly elevated serum GGT has also been found to correlate with [[cardiovascular diseases]] and is under active investigation as a cardiovascular risk marker. GGT in fact accumulates in [[atherosclerotic plaques]],<ref name = emdin /> suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,<ref name = pompella /> and circulates in blood in the form of distinct protein aggregates,<ref name = franzini /> some of which appear to be related to specific pathologies such as [[metabolic syndrome]], [[alcohol addiction]] and [[chronic liver disease]]. High [[body mass index]] is associated with [[diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]] only in persons with high serum GGT.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Lim JS, Lee DH, Park JY, Jin SH, Jacobs DR Jr | title=A strong interaction between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and obesity on the risk of prevalent type 2 diabetes: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | journal=CLINICAL CHEMISTRY | volume=53 | issue=6 | year=2007 | pages=1092–1098 | url = http://www.clinchem.org/content/53/6/1092.long | pmid=17478563 | doi=10.1016/j.jacl.2011.05.004}}</ref> | ||
GGT is elevated by large quantities of [[Ethanol|alcohol]] ingestion. Determination of total serum GGT activity is however not specific to alcohol intoxication,<ref name = lamy /> and the measurement of selected serum forms of the enzyme offer more specific information.<ref name = franzini /> Isolated elevation or disproportionate elevation compared to other liver enzymes (such as ALP or [[alanine aminotransferase|ALT]]) may indicate alcohol abuse or [[alcoholic liver disease]].<ref name = kaplan /> It may indicate excess alcohol consumption up to 3 or 4 weeks prior to the test. The mechanism for this elevation is unclear. Alcohol may increase GGT production by inducing hepatic microsomal production, or it may cause the leakage of GGT from [[hepatocyte]]s.<ref name = barouki /> | |||
Numerous drugs can raise GGT levels, including [[barbiturate]]s and [[phenytoin]].<ref name = rosalki /> GGT elevation has also been occasionally reported following [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[St. John's wort]], and [[aspirin]]. Elevated levels of GGT may also be due to [[congestive heart failure]].<ref name = ruttmann /> | |||
==Human proteins== | |||
[[GGT1]]; [[GGT2]]; [[GGT6]]; [[GGTL3]]; [[GGTL4]]; [[GGTLA1]]; [[GGTLA4]]; | |||
== References == | |||
{{reflist | refs = | |||
<ref name = meister>{{cite journal | author = Meister A | title = The gamma-glutamyl cycle. Diseases associated with specific enzyme deficiencies | journal = Ann. Intern. Med. | volume = 81 | issue = 2 | pages = 247–53 |date=August 1974 | pmid = 4152527 | doi = | url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = dominici>{{cite journal | author = Dominici S, Paolicchi A, Corti A, Maellaro E, Pompella A | title = Prooxidant reactions promoted by soluble and cell-bound γ-glutamyltransferase activity | journal = Meth. Enzymol. | volume = 401 | pages = 483–500 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16399404 | url = | doi=10.1016/S0076-6879(05)01029-3}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = goldberg>{{cite journal | title = Structural, functional, and clinical aspects of gamma-glutamyltransferase | last = Goldberg | first = DM | journal = Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci | year = 1980 | volume = 12 | pages = 1–58 | pmid = 6104563 | doi = 10.3109/10408368009108725 | issue = 1}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = pmid17665541>{{cite journal | author = Yokoyama H | title = [Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTP) in the era of metabolic syndrome] | language = Japanese | journal = Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 110–24 |date=June 2007 | pmid = 17665541 | doi = | url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = pmid238530>{{cite journal | author = Schulman JD, Goodman SI, Mace JW, Patrick AD, Tietze F, Butler EJ | title = Glutathionuria: inborn error of metabolism due to tissue deficiency of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 65 | issue = 1 | pages = 68–74 |date=July 1975 | pmid = 238530 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-291X(75)80062-3 | url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = lum>{{cite journal | author = Lum G, Gambino SR | title = Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity as an indicator of disease of liver, pancreas, or bone | journal = Clin. Chem. | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 358–62 |date=April 1972 | pmid = 5012259 | doi = | url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = emdin>{{cite journal | author = Emdin M, Pompella A, Paolicchi A | title = Editorial - Gamma-glutamyltransferase, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease: triggering oxidative stress within the plaque | journal = Circulation | volume = 112 | pages = 2078–80 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16203922 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.571919| url = | issue=14}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = pompella>{{cite journal | author = Pompella A, Emdin M, Passino C, Paolicchi A | title = The significance of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in cardiovascular diseases | journal = Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. | volume = 42 | pages = 1085–91 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15552264 | doi = 10.1515/CCLM.2004.224| url = | issue=10}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = franzini>{{cite journal | author = Franzini M, Bramanti E, Ottaviano V, Ghiri E, Scatena F, Pompella A, Donato L, Emdin M, Paolicchi A | title = A high performance gel filtration chromatography method for gamma-glutamyltransferase fraction analysis | journal = Anal. Biochem. | volume = 374 | pages = 1–8 | year = 2006 | pmid = 18023410 | doi = 10.1016/j.ab.2007.10.025| url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = betro>{{cite journal | author = Betro MG, Oon RC, Edwards JB | title = Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in diseases of the liver and bone | journal = Am. J. Clin. Pathol. | volume = 60 | issue = 5 | pages = 672–8 |date=November 1973 | pmid = 4148049 | doi = | url = }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = rosalki>{{cite journal | author = Rosalki SB, Tarlow D, Rau D | title = Plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase elevation in patients receiving enzyme-inducing drugs | journal = Lancet | volume = 2 | issue = 7720 | pages = 376–7 |date=August 1971 | pmid = 4105075 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(71)90093-6| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673671900936 }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = pmid2860060>{{cite journal |author=Raulf M, Stüning M, König W |title=Metabolism of leukotrienes by L-gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and dipeptidase from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes |journal=Immunology |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=135–47 |date=May 1985 |pmid=2860060 |pmc=1453575 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = kaplan>{{Cite book | author = Kaplan MM, '''et al.''' | title = Biochemical basis for serum enzyme abnormalities in alcoholic liver disease | in = Early identification of alcohol abuse | editor = Chang NC, Chan NM | work = Research Monograph No. 17 | publisher = NIAAA | year = 1985 | page = 186}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = barouki>{{cite journal | author = Barouki R, Chobert MN, Finidori J, Aggerbeck M, Nalpas B, Hanoune J | title = Ethanol effects in a rat hepatoma cell line: induction of gamma-glutamyltransferase | journal = Hepatology | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 323–9 | year = 1983 | pmid = 6132864 | doi = 10.1002/hep.1840030308 }}</ref> | |||
<ref name = lamy>{{cite journal | author = Lamy J, Baglin MC, Ferrant JP, Weill J | title = Determination de la gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase senque des ethyliques a la suite du sevrage | journal = Clin Chim Acta | year = 1974 | volume = 56 | page = 169}}</ref> | |||
<ref name = ruttmann>{{cite journal | author = Ruttmann E, Brant LJ, Concin H, Diem G, Rapp K, Ulmer H | title = Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality: an epidemiological investigation in a cohort of 163,944 Austrian adults | journal = Circulation | volume = 112 | issue = 14 | pages = 2130–7 |date=October 2005 | pmid = 16186419 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552547 | url = }}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
==External links== | |||
* {{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003458}} | |||
* {{MeshName|gamma-Glutamyltransferase}} | |||
{{Acyltransferases}} | |||
{{Amino acid metabolism enzymes}} | |||
{{Eicosanoid metabolism enzymes}} | |||
{{Clinical biochemistry blood tests}} | |||
[[Category:Chemical pathology]] | |||
[[Category:EC 2.3.2]] | |||
Revision as of 23:10, 29 January 2014
Template:Distinguish Template:Pfam box Template:Infobox enzyme Template:Infobox protein Template:Infobox protein
Gamma-glutamyltransferase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, GGTP, gamma-GT) (Air Transportation Experts Kull from Wingham, has many interests that include butterflies, property developers in singapore and digital photography. Is a travel freak and in recent past made buy a house in singapore journey to Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika.) is an enzyme that transfers gamma-glutamyl functional groups. It is found in many tissues, the most notable one being the liver, and has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker.
GGT[1] catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate). GGT plays a key role in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, a pathway for the synthesis and degradation of glutathione and drug and xenobiotic detoxification.[2] Other lines of evidence indicate that GGT can also exert a prooxidant role, with regulatory effects at various levels in cellular signal transduction and cellular pathophysiology,[3]
Function
GGT is present in the cell membranes of many tissues, including the kidneys, bile duct, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, heart, brain, and seminal vesicles.[4] It is involved in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane[5] and leukotriene metabolism.[6] It is also involved in glutathione metabolism by transferring the glutamyl moiety to a variety of acceptor molecules including water, certain L-amino acids, and peptides, leaving the cysteine product to preserve intracellular homeostasis of oxidative stress.[7][8] This general reaction is:
Structural studies
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it is an enzyme that consists of two polypeptide chains, a heavy and a light subunit, processed from a single chain precursor by an autocatalytic cleavage. The active site of GGT is known to be located in the light subunit.
Medical applications
GGT is predominantly used as a diagnostic marker for liver disease in medicine.
Blood test results for GGT suggest that the normal value for men is 15-85 IU/L, whereas for women it is 5-55 IU/L.[9]
Elevated serum GGT activity can be found in diseases of the liver, biliary system, and pancreas. In this respect, it is similar to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in detecting disease of the biliary tract. Indeed, the two markers correlate well, though there is conflicting data about whether GGT has better sensitivity.[10][11] In general, ALP is still the first test for biliary disease. The main value of GGT over ALP is in verifying that ALP elevations are, in fact, due to biliary disease; ALP can also be increased in certain bone diseases, but GGT is not.[11] More recently, slightly elevated serum GGT has also been found to correlate with cardiovascular diseases and is under active investigation as a cardiovascular risk marker. GGT in fact accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques,[12] suggesting a potential role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,[13] and circulates in blood in the form of distinct protein aggregates,[14] some of which appear to be related to specific pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, alcohol addiction and chronic liver disease. High body mass index is associated with type 2 diabetes only in persons with high serum GGT.[15]
GGT is elevated by large quantities of alcohol ingestion. Determination of total serum GGT activity is however not specific to alcohol intoxication,[16] and the measurement of selected serum forms of the enzyme offer more specific information.[14] Isolated elevation or disproportionate elevation compared to other liver enzymes (such as ALP or ALT) may indicate alcohol abuse or alcoholic liver disease.[17] It may indicate excess alcohol consumption up to 3 or 4 weeks prior to the test. The mechanism for this elevation is unclear. Alcohol may increase GGT production by inducing hepatic microsomal production, or it may cause the leakage of GGT from hepatocytes.[18]
Numerous drugs can raise GGT levels, including barbiturates and phenytoin.[19] GGT elevation has also been occasionally reported following NSAIDs, St. John's wort, and aspirin. Elevated levels of GGT may also be due to congestive heart failure.[20]
Human proteins
GGT1; GGT2; GGT6; GGTL3; GGTL4; GGTLA1; GGTLA4;
References
43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
External links
Template:Acyltransferases Template:Amino acid metabolism enzymes Template:Eicosanoid metabolism enzymes Template:Clinical biochemistry blood tests
- ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs nameddominici - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedgoldberg - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedmeister - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid2860060 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid238530 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpmid17665541 - ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbetro - ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedlum - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedemdin - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedpompella - ↑ 14.0 14.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedfranzini - ↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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