Essential spectrum: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
en>Vorbeigehende |
en>Randomguess |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== | {{Earthquake | ||
|title = 1989 Newcastle earthquake | |||
|date = {{start-date|28 December 1989}} | |||
|map = 1989 Newcastle earthquake map.png | |||
|magnitude = 5.6 [[Richter magnitude scale|M<sub>L</sub>]] (5.4 [[Body wave magnitude|<math>M_b</math>]]<ref name=NGDC/> ) | |||
|depth = {{Convert|11.5|km|mi|1}} | |||
|location = [[Boolaroo, New South Wales|Boolaroo]], [[New South Wales]] at {{coord|32.95|S|151.61|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
|countries affected = Australia | |||
|casualties = 13 dead, more than 160 injured | |||
|damage = {{AUD}}4 billion<ref name="NCC"/> | |||
}} | |||
The '''1989 Newcastle earthquake''' was a [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter magnitude]] 5.6 [[earthquake]] that occurred in [[Newcastle, New South Wales]] on Thursday, 28 December 1989, at 10:27 am.<ref name="NCC">{{cite web|url=http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/about_newcastle/history_and_heritage/earthquake|title=Earthquake|publisher=Newcastle City Council|accessdate=25 June 2011}}</ref> It was one of [[Australia]]'s most serious [[natural disaster]]s, killing 13 people and injuring more than 160. The damage bill has been estimated at {{AUD}}4 billion (including an insured loss of about $1 billion).<ref name="NCC"/> | |||
The effects were felt over an area of around {{Convert|200000|km2|sqmi|-3}} in the state of [[New South Wales]], with isolated reports of movement in areas up to {{Convert|800|km|mi|-1}} from Newcastle.<ref name="NCC"/> Damage to buildings and facilities was reported over an area of {{Convert|9000|km2|sqmi|-2|abbr=on}}. | |||
== | ==Death toll and damage to buildings== | ||
The highest death toll and damage occurred at the ''Newcastle Workers Club'', where the floor collapsed and nine people were killed and many more trapped beneath rubble.<ref name="NCC"/> Another three people were crushed to death under collapsed awnings on Beaumont Street, [[Hamilton, New South Wales|Hamilton]], an inner-city suburb of Newcastle. Following the death of a woman in Broadmeadow from earthquake-related shock, the final death toll was raised to 13.<ref name="NCC"/> | |||
The earthquake caused damage to over 35,000 homes, 147 schools, and 3,000 commercial and/or other buildings, with significant damage caused to 10,000 homes (damage worth over $1,000) and 42 schools (structural damage), within the immediate Newcastle area. | |||
The number of people in the city on the day of the earthquake was lower than usual, due to a [[strike action|strike]] by local bus drivers. The earthquake struck in the middle of an interview by local television station [[NBN Television|NBN]] with a union representative. | |||
, | ==Facts== | ||
* '''Deaths''': 13 total, including; | |||
** 9 people who were killed at the Newcastle Workers Club | |||
** 3 people who were killed in Beaumont Street, Hamilton | |||
** 1 person who died of earthquake induced shock | |||
* '''Injuries''': 160 people were hospitalised. | |||
* '''Damaged Buildings''': 50,000 buildings were damaged; about 80 percent of these were homes. | |||
* '''Demolition''': 300 buildings were demolished including more than 100 homes, The Newcastle Workers Club, The Century Theatre and King's Hall. | |||
* '''Human Effects''': 300,000 people were affected and 1,000 made homeless. | |||
* '''Cost''': The total financial cost of the earthquake is estimated to have amounted to about A$4 billion. | |||
* '''Felt Area''': Estimated {{Convert|800|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} around the epicentre. | |||
* '''Magnitude''': 5.6 [[Richter magnitude scale|M<sub>L</sub>]]; 5.4 [[Body wave magnitude|<math>M_b</math>]]; VIII [[Mercalli intensity scale|MMI]]<ref name=NGDC>{{cite web|title=Significant Earthquake|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=5221&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|work=National Geophysical Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=16 April 2011}}</ref> | |||
* '''Epicentre''': [[Boolaroo, New South Wales|Boolaroo]] | |||
* '''Aftershocks''': One aftershock (M 2.1 on the Richter scale) was recorded on 29 December 1989.<ref name="NCC"/> | |||
==Cause== | |||
In early 2007 a United States academic claimed that coal mining in the region triggered the earthquake, although earthquake activity has been present in the area at least since white settlement first occurred.<ref name=ABC>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200701/s1823536.htm|title=Mining triggered Newcastle quake, says US academic|publisher=ABC News Online|date=9 January 2007|accessdate=6 May 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090403103913/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200701/s1823536.htm| archivedate= 3 April 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA4189.pdf |title=Earthquake Factsheets - Newcastle |author=C. Sinadinovski, T. Jones, D. Stewart, And N. Corby |publisher=Geoscience Australia|accessdate=20 March 2008}}</ref> This is in addition to reports by the former head of Geosciences Australia's earthquake monitoring group, Dr David Denholm, who stated that the Newcastle earthquake was some distance from mining activity: | |||
"The depths of the focus of the earthquake was about 13, 14 kilometres, whereas the ones associated with mining, they're actually right close to the mine, because that's where the stress release takes place".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au//news/stories/2007/01/09/1823667.htm |title=Australian experts reject Newcastle quake claims |publisher=ABC News Online|date=9 January 2007| accessdate= 1 June 2008 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> | |||
Despite this, even the most recent earthquake codes required neither the adoption of earthquake resistant design regulations in Newcastle, nor the strengthening of old buildings, although they did encourage owners to provide more than the minimum strength.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/factsheets/earthquakes_newcastle.jsp |title=Earthquake History, Regional Seismicity And The 1989 Newcastle Earthquake |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=22 June 2004| accessdate= 27 June 2007 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> | |||
==In popular culture== | |||
Songs about the Newcastle earthquake include "Earthquakin'", recorded in January 1990 by Newcastle [[Ska]] Band [[The Porkers]], and "Faultline" by Australian rock band [[Silverchair]], from 1995. Silverchair lead singer [[Daniel Johns]] lost a childhood friend during the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abc.net.au/tv/btn/stories/s2041720.htm|title=Behind the News (ABC TV news program)|date=16 November 2007|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090426190103/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/btn/stories/s2041720.htm|archivedate=26 April 2009}}</ref> Patrick Cullen's collection of stories, "What Came Between", begins with the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://scribepublications.com.au/book/whatcamebetween|title=What Came Between (Book)|date=9 April 2011| accessdate= 9 April 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> ''[[Aftershocks (play)|Aftershocks]]'', a 1991 play by Paul Brown, is based on interviews with members of the destroyed ''Newcastle Workers Club''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://australianplays.org/script/CP-81 |title=Aftershocks |publisher=australianplays.org |accessdate=2013-10-17 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==External links== | |||
* {{cite web|url=http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/about_newcastle/news_and_events/image_galleries/newcastle_earthquake|title=Newcastle earthquake image gallery|publisher=Newcastle City Council|accessdate=25 June 2011}} | |||
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqwXKjOL4C8 News footage] by [[NBN Television]], compiled a number of weeks after the quake. The footage shows the quake interrupting an interview, and also shows parts of the city on the day of the quake: particularly Hamilton, the Newcastle Workers Club, the city centre and inner-city suburbs. | |||
* [http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/projects/archive/newcastle.jsp Geoscience Australia: CCIP Project - Newcastle (Earthquake Risk in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie)] | |||
{{Earthquakes in 1989}} | |||
{{Hunter Region places and items of interest}} | |||
[[Category:1989 in Australia|Newcastle]] | |||
[[Category:Earthquakes in Australia|1989]] | |||
[[Category:1989 earthquakes|Newcastle earthquake, 1989]] | |||
[[Category:History of Newcastle, New South Wales]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 4 November 2013
Template:Earthquake The 1989 Newcastle earthquake was a Richter magnitude 5.6 earthquake that occurred in Newcastle, New South Wales on Thursday, 28 December 1989, at 10:27 am.[1] It was one of Australia's most serious natural disasters, killing 13 people and injuring more than 160. The damage bill has been estimated at Template:AUD4 billion (including an insured loss of about $1 billion).[1]
The effects were felt over an area of around Template:Convert in the state of New South Wales, with isolated reports of movement in areas up to Template:Convert from Newcastle.[1] Damage to buildings and facilities was reported over an area of Template:Convert.
Death toll and damage to buildings
The highest death toll and damage occurred at the Newcastle Workers Club, where the floor collapsed and nine people were killed and many more trapped beneath rubble.[1] Another three people were crushed to death under collapsed awnings on Beaumont Street, Hamilton, an inner-city suburb of Newcastle. Following the death of a woman in Broadmeadow from earthquake-related shock, the final death toll was raised to 13.[1]
The earthquake caused damage to over 35,000 homes, 147 schools, and 3,000 commercial and/or other buildings, with significant damage caused to 10,000 homes (damage worth over $1,000) and 42 schools (structural damage), within the immediate Newcastle area.
The number of people in the city on the day of the earthquake was lower than usual, due to a strike by local bus drivers. The earthquake struck in the middle of an interview by local television station NBN with a union representative.
Facts
- Deaths: 13 total, including;
- 9 people who were killed at the Newcastle Workers Club
- 3 people who were killed in Beaumont Street, Hamilton
- 1 person who died of earthquake induced shock
- Injuries: 160 people were hospitalised.
- Damaged Buildings: 50,000 buildings were damaged; about 80 percent of these were homes.
- Demolition: 300 buildings were demolished including more than 100 homes, The Newcastle Workers Club, The Century Theatre and King's Hall.
- Human Effects: 300,000 people were affected and 1,000 made homeless.
- Cost: The total financial cost of the earthquake is estimated to have amounted to about A$4 billion.
- Felt Area: Estimated Template:Convert around the epicentre.
- Magnitude: 5.6 ML; 5.4 ; VIII MMI[2]
- Epicentre: Boolaroo
- Aftershocks: One aftershock (M 2.1 on the Richter scale) was recorded on 29 December 1989.[1]
Cause
In early 2007 a United States academic claimed that coal mining in the region triggered the earthquake, although earthquake activity has been present in the area at least since white settlement first occurred.[3][4] This is in addition to reports by the former head of Geosciences Australia's earthquake monitoring group, Dr David Denholm, who stated that the Newcastle earthquake was some distance from mining activity:
"The depths of the focus of the earthquake was about 13, 14 kilometres, whereas the ones associated with mining, they're actually right close to the mine, because that's where the stress release takes place".[5]
Despite this, even the most recent earthquake codes required neither the adoption of earthquake resistant design regulations in Newcastle, nor the strengthening of old buildings, although they did encourage owners to provide more than the minimum strength.[6]
In popular culture
Songs about the Newcastle earthquake include "Earthquakin'", recorded in January 1990 by Newcastle Ska Band The Porkers, and "Faultline" by Australian rock band Silverchair, from 1995. Silverchair lead singer Daniel Johns lost a childhood friend during the earthquake.[7] Patrick Cullen's collection of stories, "What Came Between", begins with the earthquake.[8] Aftershocks, a 1991 play by Paul Brown, is based on interviews with members of the destroyed Newcastle Workers Club.[9]
References
43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
External links
- Template:Cite web
- News footage by NBN Television, compiled a number of weeks after the quake. The footage shows the quake interrupting an interview, and also shows parts of the city on the day of the quake: particularly Hamilton, the Newcastle Workers Club, the city centre and inner-city suburbs.
- Geoscience Australia: CCIP Project - Newcastle (Earthquake Risk in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie)
Template:Earthquakes in 1989 Template:Hunter Region places and items of interest