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{{chembox | |||
| Watchedfields = changed | |||
| verifiedrevid = 441025344 | |||
| Name = Potassium persulfate | |||
| ImageFile = Potassium persulfate.png | |||
| ImageSize = 200px | |||
| ImageName = Two potassium cations and one peroxydisulfate anion | |||
| ImageFile1 = Potassium-persulfate-xtal-1997-3D-balls.png | |||
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the crystal structure | |||
| ImageFile2 = Peroxodisíran draselný.JPG | |||
| ImageName2 = Potassium persulfate as a white powder | |||
| ImageName | |||
| OtherNames = potassium peroxydisulfate <br> Anthion <br> potassium perdisulfate | |||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | |||
| CASNo = 7727-21-1 | |||
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | |||
| PubChem = 24412 | |||
| EINECS = 231-781-8 | |||
| UNNumber = 1492 | |||
| RTECS = SE0400000 | |||
| SMILES = [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+] | |||
| ChemSpiderID = 22821 | |||
| InChI = 1/2K.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2 | |||
| InChIKey = USHAGKDGDHPEEY-NUQVWONBAA | |||
| StdInChI = 1S/2K.H2O8S2/c;;1-9(2,3)7-8-10(4,5)6/h;;(H,1,2,3)(H,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2 | |||
| StdInChIKey = USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L | |||
}} | |||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | |||
| Formula = K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> | |||
| MolarMass = 270.322 g/mol | |||
| Appearance = white powder | |||
| Odor = odorless | |||
| Density = 2.477 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=Brauer/> | |||
| Solubility = 1.75 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 4.49 g/100 ml (20 °C) | |||
| SolubleOther = insoluble in [[alcohol]] | |||
| MeltingPt = <100 °C decomp. | |||
| RefractIndex = 1.467 | |||
}} | |||
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | |||
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1133.htm ICSC 1133] | |||
| EUIndex = 016-061-00-1 | |||
| EUClass = Oxidant ('''O''')<br/>Harmful ('''Xn''')<br/>Irritant ('''Xi''') | |||
| RPhrases = {{R8}}, {{R22}}, {{R36/37/38}}, {{R42/43}} | |||
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S22}}, {{S24}}, {{S26}}, {{S37}} | |||
| NFPA-H = 2 | |||
| NFPA-F = 0 | |||
| NFPA-R = 1 | |||
| NFPA-O = OX | |||
| FlashPt = Non-flammable | |||
| PEL = | |||
}} | |||
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related | |||
| OtherAnions = [[Potassium sulfite]]<br/>[[Potassium sulfate]]<br/>[[Potassium peroxymonosulfate]] | |||
| OtherCations = [[Sodium persulfate]] | |||
| OtherFunctn = | |||
| Function = | |||
| OtherCpds = | |||
}} | |||
}} | |||
:''Not to be confused with [[potassium peroxymonosulfate]].'' | |||
'''Potassium persulfate''' is the [[inorganic compound]] with the formula [[Potassium|K<sub>2</sub>]][[Sulfate|S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>]]. Also known as '''potassium peroxydisulfate''' or KPS, it is a white solid that is highly soluble in water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate [[polymerization]]s. | |||
==Preparation== | |||
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by [[electrolysis]] of a cold solution [[potassium bisulfate]] in [[sulfuric acid]] at a high current density.<ref name=Brauer>F. Feher, "Potassium Peroxydisulfate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 392.</ref> | |||
: 2 KHSO<sub>4</sub> → K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> | |||
It can also be prepared by adding [[potassium bisulfate]] (KHSO<sub>4</sub>) to a solution of the more soluble salt [[ammonium peroxydisulfate]] (NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub>). In principle it can be prepared by chemical oxidation of [[potassium sulfate]] using [[fluorine]]. | |||
==Uses== | |||
This salt is used to [[Radical initiator|initiate]] polymerziation of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as [[styrene-butadiene rubber]] and [[polytetrafluoroethylene]] and related materials. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:<ref name = Ullmann>{{Ullmann | title = Peroxo Compounds, Inorganic | author = Harald Jakob, Stefan Leininger, Thomas Lehmann, Sylvia Jacobi, Sven Gutewort | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a19_177.pub2}}</ref> | |||
:[O<sub>3</sub>SO-OSO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> <math>\overrightarrow{\leftarrow}</math> 2 [SO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> | |||
It is used in [[organic chemistry]] as an [[oxidizing agent]],<ref>Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, vol. 1, pp 193-197(1995)</ref> for instance in the [[Elbs persulfate oxidation]] of [[phenol]]s. | |||
As a strong [[bleaching agent]], it is used in hair dye substances as whitening agent with hydrogen peroxide. | |||
It is a [[food additive]]{{fact|date=January 2014}}. | |||
==Precautions== | |||
The salt is a strong oxidant and is incompatible with organic compounds. | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
{{Potassium compounds}} | |||
{{E number infobox 920-929}} | |||
[[Category:Persulfates]] | |||
[[Category:Potassium compounds]] | |||
[[Category:Oxidizing agents]] | |||
[[Category:Radical initiators]] | |||
Revision as of 06:31, 15 November 2012
- Not to be confused with potassium peroxymonosulfate.
Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is highly soluble in water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Preparation
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.[1]
- 2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
It can also be prepared by adding potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH4HSO4). In principle it can be prepared by chemical oxidation of potassium sulfate using fluorine.
Uses
This salt is used to initiate polymerziation of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:[2]
It is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent,[3] for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols.
As a strong bleaching agent, it is used in hair dye substances as whitening agent with hydrogen peroxide.
It is a food additiveTemplate:Fact.
Precautions
The salt is a strong oxidant and is incompatible with organic compounds.
References
43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
Template:Potassium compounds Template:E number infobox 920-929
- ↑ F. Feher, "Potassium Peroxydisulfate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 392.
- ↑ Template:Ullmann
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, vol. 1, pp 193-197(1995)