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[[Image:LegendreRational1.png|thumb|300px|Plot of the Legendre rational functions for n=0,1,2 and 3 for ''x'' between 0.01 and 100.]] | |||
In [[mathematics]] the '''Legendre rational functions''' are a sequence of functions which are both [[rational functions|rational]] and [[orthogonal functions|orthogonal]]. A rational Legendre function of degree ''n'' is defined as: | |||
:<math>R_n(x) = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{x+1}\,L_n\left(\frac{x-1}{x+1}\right)</math> | |||
where <math>L_n(x)</math> is a [[Legendre polynomial]]. These functions are [[eigenfunction]]s of the singular [[Sturm-Liouville problem]]: | |||
:<math>(x+1)\partial_x(x\partial_x((x+1)v(x)))+\lambda v(x)=0</math> | |||
with eigenvalues | |||
:<math>\lambda_n=n(n+1)\,</math> | |||
== Properties== | |||
Many properties can be derived from the properties of the Legendre polynomials of the first kind. Other properties are unique to the functions themselves. | |||
=== Recursion === | |||
:<math>R_{n+1}(x)=\frac{2n+1}{n+1}\,\frac{x-1}{x+1}\,R_n(x)-\frac{n}{n+1}\,R_{n-1}(x)\quad\mathrm{for\,n\ge 1}</math> | |||
and | |||
:<math>2(2n+1)R_n(x)=(x+1)^2(\partial_x R_{n+1}(x)-\partial_x R_{n-1}(x))+(x+1)(R_{n+1}(x)-R_{n-1}(x))</math> | |||
=== Limiting behavior === | |||
[[Image:LegendreRational2.png|thumb|300px|Plot of the seventh order (''n=7'') Legendre rational function multiplied by ''1+x'' for ''x'' between 0.01 and 100. Note that there are ''n'' zeroes arranged symmetrically about ''x=1'' and if ''x''<sub>0</sub> is a zero, then ''1/x''<sub>0</sub> is a zero as well. These properties hold for all orders.]] | |||
It can be shown that | |||
:<math>\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}(x+1)R_n(x)=\sqrt{2}</math> | |||
and | |||
:<math>\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}x\partial_x((x+1)R_n(x))=0</math> | |||
=== Orthogonality === | |||
:<math>\int_{0}^\infty R_m(x)\,R_n(x)\,dx=\frac{2}{2n+1}\delta_{nm}</math> | |||
where <math>\delta_{nm}</math> is the [[Kronecker delta]] function. | |||
== Particular values == | |||
:<math>R_0(x)=1\,</math> | |||
:<math>R_1(x)=\frac{x-1}{x+1}\,</math> | |||
:<math>R_2(x)=\frac{x^2-4x+1}{(x+1)^2}\,</math> | |||
:<math>R_3(x)=\frac{x^3-9x^2+9x-1}{(x+1)^3}\,</math> | |||
:<math>R_4(x)=\frac{x^4-16x^3+36x^2-16x+1}{(x+1)^4}\,</math> | |||
== References == | |||
{{cite journal | |||
| last = Zhong-Qing | |||
| first = Wang | |||
| authorlink = | |||
| coauthors = Ben-Yu, Guo | |||
| year = 2005 | |||
| month = | |||
| title = A mixed spectral method for incompressible viscous fluid flow in an infinite strip | |||
| journal = Mat. apl. comput. | |||
| volume = 24 | |||
| issue = 3 | |||
| pages = | |||
| doi = 10.1590/S0101-82052005000300002 | |||
| id = | |||
| url = http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-82052005000300002&lng=en&nrm=iso | |||
| format = PDF | |||
| accessdate = 2006-08-08 | |||
}} | |||
[[Category:Rational functions]] | |||
Revision as of 17:30, 21 October 2013
In mathematics the Legendre rational functions are a sequence of functions which are both rational and orthogonal. A rational Legendre function of degree n is defined as:
where is a Legendre polynomial. These functions are eigenfunctions of the singular Sturm-Liouville problem:
with eigenvalues
Properties
Many properties can be derived from the properties of the Legendre polynomials of the first kind. Other properties are unique to the functions themselves.
Recursion
and
Limiting behavior
It can be shown that
and
Orthogonality
where is the Kronecker delta function.
Particular values
References
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