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'''Nasalance''' is a measure of the degree of [[Velopharyngeal inadequacy|velopharyngeal]] opening in voiced speech <ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rothenberg.org/Nasalance/Nasalance.html|title= Nasalance}}</ref> formed by computing the ratio of the amplitude of the acoustic energy at the nares, A<sub>n</sub>, to amplitude of the acoustic energy at the mouth, A<sub>m</sub>. The term '''nasalance''' usually refers to this ratio as a percentage: | |||
<math>\dfrac{A_n}{(A_m+A_n)}</math> | |||
and thus may be more properly expressed as [[Percent]] Nasalance. The term originated in the work of Fletcher and his associates<ref>{{cite journal |pages=284–91 |doi=10.1016/0022-3913(74)90032-8 |title=Quantitative and graphic analysis of prosthetic treatment for 'nasalance' in speech |year=1974 |last1=Fletcher |first1=S |last2=Frost |first2=I |last3=Frost |first3=S |journal=The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |volume=32 |issue=3 |pmid=4373571}}</ref><ref name="Baken">R.J. Baken, Robert F. Orlikoff. '''Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice''' San Diego: Singular, 2000{{Page needed|date=May 2011}}</ref> and is now implemented in a number of commercially available devices ([http://www.kayelemetrics.com/Product%20Info/6450/6450.htm Kay-PENTAX Nasometer] and [http://www.glottal.com/Products/NVS.htm Glottal Enterprises NVS System]). There are small differences in the manner in which nasalance is computed in various devices, and differences<ref>http://www.rothenberg.org/Nasalance/Nasalance.htm</ref> in the manner in which the oral and nasal acoustic energies are separated physically, as by a hard separator plate held against the upper lip vs. a two-chamber pneumotachograph mask. However, there have been no conclusive studies of the effect of these differences on a relevant underlying physical variable, such as the area of the [[Velopharyngeal inadequacy|velopharyngeal]] opening. | |||
==See also== | |||
* [[Nasalization]] | |||
* [[Nasality (disorder)|Nasality]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Human voice]] | |||
[[Category:Nasalization]] | |||
{{Phonetics-stub}} | |||
Revision as of 02:05, 20 March 2013
Nasalance is a measure of the degree of velopharyngeal opening in voiced speech [1] formed by computing the ratio of the amplitude of the acoustic energy at the nares, An, to amplitude of the acoustic energy at the mouth, Am. The term nasalance usually refers to this ratio as a percentage:
and thus may be more properly expressed as Percent Nasalance. The term originated in the work of Fletcher and his associates[2][3] and is now implemented in a number of commercially available devices (Kay-PENTAX Nasometer and Glottal Enterprises NVS System). There are small differences in the manner in which nasalance is computed in various devices, and differences[4] in the manner in which the oral and nasal acoustic energies are separated physically, as by a hard separator plate held against the upper lip vs. a two-chamber pneumotachograph mask. However, there have been no conclusive studies of the effect of these differences on a relevant underlying physical variable, such as the area of the velopharyngeal opening.
See also
References
- ↑ Template:Cite web
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- ↑ http://www.rothenberg.org/Nasalance/Nasalance.htm