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The '''Multidimensional Poverty Index''' '''(MPI)''' was developed in 2010 by [[Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative]] and the [[United Nations Development Programme]]<ref>{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=A wealth of data. A useful new way to capture the many aspects of poverty |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16693283 |quote=Aided by the improved availability of survey data about living conditions for households in over 100 developing countries, the researchers have come up with a new index, called the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) will use in its next “Human Development Report” in October. |work=[[The Economist]] |date=July 29, 2010 |accessdate=2010-08-04 }}</ref> and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous [[Human Poverty Index]].
 
The MPI is an index of acute multidimensional poverty. It shows the number of people who are multidimensionally poor (suffering deprivations in 33.33% of weighted indicators) and the number of deprivations with which poor households typically contend. It reflects deprivations in very rudimentary services and core human functioning for people across 104 countries. Although deeply constrained by data limitations, MPI reveals a different pattern of poverty than income poverty, as it illuminates a different set of deprivations.  
 
==Indicators==
The index uses the same three dimensions as the [[Human Development Index]]: health, education, and standard of living. These are measured using ten indicators.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dimension !! Indicators
|-
| Health ||
* Child Mortality
* Nutrition
|-
| Education ||
* Years of school
* Children enrolled
|-
| Living Standards ||
* Cooking fuel
* Toilet
* Water
* Electricity
* Floor
* Assets
|}
 
Each dimension and each indicator within a dimension is equally weighted.
 
==Calculation of the index==
 
===Formula===
The MPI is calculated as follows:<ref>http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Argentina.pdf</ref>
 
<math>MPI = H \times A</math>
 
H: Percentage of people who are MPI poor (incidence of poverty)<br>
A: Average intensity of MPI poverty across the poor (%)
 
===Indicators used===
 
The following ten indicators are used to calculate the MPI:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/MPI_2011_Methodology_Note_4-11-2011_1500.pdf?cda6c1|title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011: Brief Methodological Note|author=Alkire Roche Santos Seth|publisher=Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI)}}</ref>
 
*Education (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
<ol>
<li value="1">Years of [[schooling]]: deprived if no household member has completed five years of schooling</li>
<li value="2">Child [[Matriculation|school attendance]]: deprived if any school-aged child is not attending school up to class 8</li>
</ol>
 
*Health (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
<ol>
<li value="3">[[Child mortality]]: deprived if any child has died in the family</li>
<li value="4">[[Nutrition]]: deprived if any adult or child for whom there is nutritional information is malnourished</li>
</ol>
 
*Standard of Living (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/18)
<ol>
<li value="5">[[Electricity]]: deprived if the household has no electricity</li>
<li value="6">[[Sanitation]]: deprived if the household’s sanitation facility is not improved (according to [[Millennium Development Goals|MDG]] guidelines), or it is improved but shared with other households</li>
<li value="7">[[Drinking water]]: deprived if the household does not have access to safe drinking water (according to MDG guidelines) or safe drinking water is more than a 30-minute walk from home roundtrip</li>
<li value="8">[[Floor]]: deprived if the household has a dirt, sand or dung floor</li>
<li value="9">[[Cooking fuel]]: deprived if the household cooks with dung, wood or charcoal</li>
<li value="10">[[Assets]] ownership: deprived if the household does not own more than one radio, TV, telephone, bike, motorbike or refrigerator and does not own a car or truck</li>
</ol>
 
A person is considered poor if they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators. The intensity of poverty denotes the proportion of indicators in which they are deprived.
 
===Real example===
 
Niger:<ref>http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Niger.pdf</ref>
 
*MPI = 0.642
*H = 0.927
*A = 0.693
 
In Niger, 92.7% of the country's population is MPI poor (they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators, by definition). Those who are MPI poor suffer from deprivation in 69.3% of indicators, on average.
 
===Fictional example===
 
Country X consists of persons A, B and C. The following table shows the deprivation on each of the 10 indicators for persons A, B and C.
 
<small>"0%" indicates no deprivation in that indicator, while "100%" indicates deprivation in that indicator.</small>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Indicator !! Weight !! Person A !! Person B !! Person C
|-
| 1 || 1/6 || 0% || 0% || 0%
|-
| 2 || 1/6 || 0% || 0% || 0%
|-
| 3 || 1/6 || 100% || 100% || 0%
|-
| 4 || 1/6 || 0% || 100% || 0%
|-
| 5 || 1/18 || 0% || 100% || 100%
|-
| 6 || 1/18 || 0% || 100% || 100%
|-
| 7 || 1/18 || 0% || 0% || 100%
|-
| 8 || 1/18 || 100% || 100% || 100%
|-
| 9 || 1/18 || 100% || 0% || 100%
|-
| 10 || 1/18 || 100% || 0% || 0%
|-
! colspan="2" | Weighted score !! 33.33% !! 50.00% !! 27.78%
|-
! colspan="2" | Status !! MPI poor !! MPI poor !! Not MPI poor
|}
 
Factor H for country X is:
 
<math>\frac {1 + 1 + 0}{3} = 0.667</math>
 
Factor A for country X is:
 
<math>\frac {33.33% + 50.00%} {2} = 0.417</math>
 
Thus, the MPI for country X is:
 
<math>0.667 \times 0.417 = 0.278</math>
 
==MPI in some developing countries==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! Country !! MPI !! % of People<br>who are<br>MPI Poor !! Average<br>Intensity of<br>MPI Poverty !! Number of MPI<br>Poor People<br>(thousands) !! Year !! % of People who<br>are Income Poor<br>($1.25/day) !! % of People who<br>are Income Poor<br>($2.00/day) !! Year
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Albania}} || 0.005 || 1.4 || 37.7 || 45 || 2009 || 0.6 || 4.3 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Angola}} || 0.452 || 77.4 || 58.4 || 11,136 || 2001 || 54.3 || 70.2 || 2000
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Argentina}} || 0.011 || 3.0 || 37.7 || 1,160 || 2005 || 0.9 || 2.4 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Armenia}} || 0.004 || 1.1 || 36.2 || 34 || 2005 || 1.3 || 12.4 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 0.021 || 5.3 || 39.4 || 461 || 2006 || 1.0 || 7.8 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 0.292 || 57.8 || 50.4 || 83,207 || 2007 || 49.6 || 81.3 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Belarus}} || 0.000 || 0.0 || 35.1 || 0 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Belize}} || 0.024 || 5.6 || 42.6 || 16 || 2006 || 12.4 || 24.5 || 1999
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Benin}} || 0.412 || 71.8 || 57.4 || 5,652 || 2006 || 47.3 || 75.3 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bhutan}} || 0.119 || 27.2 || 43.9 || 197 || 2010 || 26.2 || 49.5 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bolivia}} || 0.089 || 20.5 || 43.7 || 1,972 || 2008 || 13.6 || 25.1 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 37.2 || 30 || 2006 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Brazil}} || 0.011 || 2.7 || 39.3 || 5,075 || 2006 || 3.8 || 9.9 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 0.536 || 82.6 || 64.9 || 12,078 || 2006 || 56.5 || 81.2 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burundi}} || 0.530 || 84.5 || 62.7 || 6,127 || 2005 || 81.3 || 93.5 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cambodia}} || 0.251 || 52.0 || 48.4 || 6,946 || 2005 || 28.3 || 56.5 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cameroon}} || 0.287 || 53.3 || 53.9 || 9,149 || 2004 || 9.6 || 30.4 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 0.512 || 86.4 || 59.3 || 3,199 || 2000 || 62.8 || 80.1 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Chad}} || 0.344 || 62.9 || 54.7 || 5,758 || 2003 || 61.9 || 83.3 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|China}} || 0.056 || 12.5 || 44.9 || 161,675 || 2003 || 15.9 || 36.3 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Colombia}} || 0.022 || 5.4 || 40.9 || 2,500 || 2010 || 16.0 || 27.9 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Comoros}} || 0.408 || 73.9 || 55.2 || 415 || 2000 || 46.1 || 65.0 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Cote d'Ivoire}} || 0.353 || 61.5 || 57.4 || 11,083 || 2005 || 23.8 || 46.3 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Croatia}} || 0.016 || 4.4 || 36.3 || 196 || 2003 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 0.010 || 3.1 || 33.4 || 316 || 2003 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 1996
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Djibouti}} || 0.139 || 29.3 || 47.3 || 241 || 2006 || 18.8 || 41.2 || 2002
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 0.018 || 4.6 || 39.4 || 438 || 2007 || 4.3 || 13.6 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}} || 0.393 || 73.2 || 53.7 || 44,485 || 2007 || 59.2 || 79.6 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ecuador}} || 0.009 || 2.2 || 41.6 || 286 || 2003 || 4.4 || 13.6 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Egypt}} || 0.024 || 6.0 || 40.7 || 4,699 || 2008 || 2.0 || 18.5 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Estonia}} || 0.026 || 7.2 || 36.5 || 97 || 2003 || 0.5 || 1.5 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 0.562 || 88.6 || 63.5 || 65,798 || 2005 || 39.0 || 77.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Gabon}} || 0.161 || 35.4 || 45.5 || 437 || 2000 || 4.8 || 19.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Gambia}} || 0.324 || 60.4 || 53.6 || 934 || 2006 || 34.3 || 56.7 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Georgia}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 35.2 || 36 || 2005 || 15.3 || 32.2 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ghana}} || 0.144 || 31.2 || 46.2 || 7,258 || 2008 || 30.0 || 53.6 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guatemala}} || 0.127 || 25.9 || 49.1 || 3,134 || 2003 || 11.7 || 24.3 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guinea}} || 0.506 || 82.5 || 61.3 || 7,459 || 2005 || 43.3 || 69.6 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Guyana}} || 0.053 || 13.4 || 39.5 || 100 || 2005 || 8.7 || 18.0 || 1998
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Haiti}} || 0.299 || 56.4 || 53.0 || 5,346 || 2006 || 54.9 || 72.2 || 2001
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Honduras}} || 0.159 || 32.5 || 48.9 || 2,281 || 2006 || 23.3 || 35.4 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Hungary}} || 0.016 || 4.6 || 34.3 || 466 || 2003 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|India}} || 0.283 || 53.7 || 52.7 || 612,203 || 2005 || 41.6 || 75.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Indonesia}} || 0.095 || 20.8 || 45.9 || 48,352 || 2007 || 18.7 || 50.6 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Iraq}} || 0.059 || 14.2 || 41.3 || 3,996 || 2006 || 4.0 || 25.3 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Jordan}} || 0.008 || 2.4 || 34.4 || 145 || 2009 || 0.4 || 3.5 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 0.002 || 0.6 || 36.9 || 92 || 2006 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kenya}} || 0.229 || 47.8 || 48.0 || 18,863 || 2009 || 19.7 || 39.9 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 0.019 || 4.9 || 38.8 || 249 || 2006 || 1.9 || 29.4 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Laos}} || 0.267 || 47.2 || 56.5 || 2,757 || 2006 || 33.9 || 66.0 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Latvia}} || 0.006 || 1.6 || 37.9 || 37 || 2003 || 0.3 || 1.0 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Lesotho}} || 0.156 || 35.3 || 44.1 || 759 || 2009 || 43.4 || 62.3 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Liberia}} || 0.485 || 83.9 || 57.7 || 2,917 || 2007 || 83.7 || 94.8 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Macedonia}} || 0.008 || 1.9 || 40.9 || 39 || 2005 || 0.3 || 4.3 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Madagascar}} || 0.357 || 66.9 || 53.3 || 13,463 || 2009 || 67.8 || 89.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Malawi}} || 0.381 || 72.1 || 52.8 || 8,993 || 2004 || 73.9 || 90.5 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Maldives}} || 0.018 || 5.2 || 35.6 || 16 || 2009 || 1.5 || 12.2 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mali}} || 0.558 || 86.6 || 64.4 || 11,772 || 2006 || 51.4 || 77.1 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mauritania}} || 0.352 || 61.7 || 57.1 || 1,982 || 2007 || 21.2 || 44.1 || 2000
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mexico}} || 0.015 || 4.0 || 38.9 || 4,313 || 2006 || 1.8 || 8.6 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Moldova}} || 0.007 || 1.9 || 36.7 || 72 || 2005 || 1.9 || 12.5 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mongolia}} || 0.065 || 15.8 || 41.0 || 402 || 2005 || 22.4 || 49.1 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Montenegro}} || 0.006 || 1.5 || 41.6 || 9 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Morocco}} || 0.048 || 10.6 || 45.3 || 3,287 || 2007 || 2.5 || 14.0 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Mozambique}} || 0.512 || 79.3 || 64.6 || 18,127 || 2009 || 59.6 || 81.8 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Burma}} || 0.154 || 31.8 || 48.3 || 14,297 || 2000 ||  ||  ||
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Namibia}} || 0.187 || 39.6 || 47.2 || 855 || 2007 || 49.1 || 62.2 || 1993
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nepal}} || 0.350 || 64.7 || 54.0 || 18,009 || 2006 || 24.82 || 57.25|| 2010
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 0.128 || 28.0 || 45.7 || 1,538 || 2006 || 15.8 || 31.9 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Niger}} || 0.642 || 92.4 || 69.4 || 12,437 || 2006 || 43.1 || 75.9 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Nigeria}} || 0.310 || 54.1 || 57.3 || 81,510 || 2008 || 64.4 || 83.9 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Occupied Palestinian Territories}} || 0.005 || 1.4 || 37.3 || 52 || 2007 ||  ||  ||
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Pakistan}} || 0.264 || 49.4 || 53.4 || 81,236 || 2007 || 22.6 || 61.0 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Paraguay}} || 0.064 || 13.3 || 48.5 || 755 || 2003 || 5.1 || 13.2 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Peru}} || 0.086 || 19.9 || 43.2 || 5,421 || 2004 || 5.9 || 14.7 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Philippines}} || 0.064 || 13.4 || 47.4 || 12,083 || 2008 || 22.6 || 45.0 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Republic of the}} || 0.208 || 40.6 || 51.2 || 1,600 || 2009 || 54.1 || 74.4 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Russia}} || 0.005 || 1.3 || 38.9 || 1,883 || 2003 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Rwanda}} || 0.426 || 80.2 || 53.2 || 7,380 || 2005 || 76.8 || 89.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 0.154 || 34.5 || 44.7 || 56 || 2009 || 29.7 || 55.9 || 2001
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Senegal}} || 0.384 || 66.9 || 57.4 || 7,273 || 2005 || 33.5 || 60.4 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Serbia}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 40.0 || 79 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.7 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 0.439 || 77.0 || 57.0 || 4,321 || 2008 || 53.4 || 76.1 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Slovakia}} || 0.000 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0 || 2003 || 0.3 || 1.4 || 1996
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Somalia}} || 0.514 || 81.2 || 63.3 || 6,940 || 2006 || ||  ||
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|South Africa}} || 0.057 || 13.4 || 42.3 || 6,609 || 2008 || 17.4 || 35.7 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 0.021 || 5.3 || 38.7 || 1,027 || 2003 || 7.0 || 29.1 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Suriname}} || 0.039 || 8.2 || 47.2 || 41 || 2006 || 15.5 || 27.2 || 1999
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Swaziland}} || 0.184 || 41.4 || 44.5 || 469 || 2007 || 62.9 || 81.0 || 2001
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Syria}} || 0.021 || 5.5 || 37.5 || 1,041 || 2006 || 1.7 || 16.9 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 0.068 || 17.1 || 40.0 || 1,103 || 2005 || 21.5 || 50.9 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tanzania}} || 0.367 || 65.2 || 56.3 || 27,559 || 2008 || 67.9 || 87.9 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Thailand}} || 0.006 || 1.6 || 38.5 || 1,067 || 2005 || 0.4 || 11.5 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|East Timor}} || 0.360 || 68.1 || 52.9 || 749 || 2009 || 37.4 || 72.8 || 2007
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Togo}} || 0.284 || 54.3 || 52.4 || 3,003 || 2006 || 38.7 || 69.3 || 2006
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 0.020 || 5.6 || 35.1 || 74 || 2006 || 4.2 || 13.5 || 1992
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Tunisia}} || 0.010 || 2.8 || 37.1 || 272 || 2003 || 2.6 || 12.8 || 2000
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Turkey}} || 0.028 || 6.6 || 42.0 || 4,378 || 2003 || 2.7 || 9.1 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uganda}} || 0.367 || 72.3 || 50.7 || 21,235 || 2006 || 37.7 || 64.5 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Ukraine}} || 0.008 || 2.2 || 35.5 || 1,018 || 2007 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 0.002 || 0.6 || 35.3 || 20 || 2003 ||  || ||
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uruguay}} || 0.006 || 1.7 || 34.7 || 56 || 2003 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 2009
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 0.008 || 2.3 || 36.2 || 603 || 2006 || 46.3 || 76.7 || 2003
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 0.129 || 30.1 || 42.7 || 67 || 2007 ||  || ||
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Vietnam}} || 0.084 || 17.7 || 47.2 || 14,249 || 2002 || 13.1 || 38.5 || 2008
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Yemen}} || 0.283 || 52.5 || 53.9 || 11,176 || 2006 || 17.5 || 46.6 || 2005
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Zambia}} || 0.328 || 64.2 || 51.2 || 7,739 || 2007 || 64.3 || 81.5 || 2004
|-
| align="left" | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 0.180 || 39.7 || 45.3 || 4,974 || 2006 ||  ||  ||
|}
<small>Source: Alkire, S. Roche, JM. Santos, ME. and Seth, S (November 2011) http://ophi.qeh.ox.ac.uk . Multidimensional Poverty Index: 2011 Data. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Available at: www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-index/.</small>
 
==See also==
*[[Human Development Index]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:International rankings]]
[[Category:Measurements and definitions of poverty]]
[[Category:United Nations Development Programme]]

Revision as of 13:53, 5 August 2013

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative and the United Nations Development Programme[1] and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous Human Poverty Index.

The MPI is an index of acute multidimensional poverty. It shows the number of people who are multidimensionally poor (suffering deprivations in 33.33% of weighted indicators) and the number of deprivations with which poor households typically contend. It reflects deprivations in very rudimentary services and core human functioning for people across 104 countries. Although deeply constrained by data limitations, MPI reveals a different pattern of poverty than income poverty, as it illuminates a different set of deprivations.

Indicators

The index uses the same three dimensions as the Human Development Index: health, education, and standard of living. These are measured using ten indicators.

Dimension Indicators
Health
  • Child Mortality
  • Nutrition
Education
  • Years of school
  • Children enrolled
Living Standards
  • Cooking fuel
  • Toilet
  • Water
  • Electricity
  • Floor
  • Assets

Each dimension and each indicator within a dimension is equally weighted.

Calculation of the index

Formula

The MPI is calculated as follows:[2]

MPI=H×A

H: Percentage of people who are MPI poor (incidence of poverty)
A: Average intensity of MPI poverty across the poor (%)

Indicators used

The following ten indicators are used to calculate the MPI:[3]

  • Education (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
  1. Years of schooling: deprived if no household member has completed five years of schooling
  2. Child school attendance: deprived if any school-aged child is not attending school up to class 8
  • Health (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
  1. Child mortality: deprived if any child has died in the family
  2. Nutrition: deprived if any adult or child for whom there is nutritional information is malnourished
  • Standard of Living (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/18)
  1. Electricity: deprived if the household has no electricity
  2. Sanitation: deprived if the household’s sanitation facility is not improved (according to MDG guidelines), or it is improved but shared with other households
  3. Drinking water: deprived if the household does not have access to safe drinking water (according to MDG guidelines) or safe drinking water is more than a 30-minute walk from home roundtrip
  4. Floor: deprived if the household has a dirt, sand or dung floor
  5. Cooking fuel: deprived if the household cooks with dung, wood or charcoal
  6. Assets ownership: deprived if the household does not own more than one radio, TV, telephone, bike, motorbike or refrigerator and does not own a car or truck

A person is considered poor if they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators. The intensity of poverty denotes the proportion of indicators in which they are deprived.

Real example

Niger:[4]

  • MPI = 0.642
  • H = 0.927
  • A = 0.693

In Niger, 92.7% of the country's population is MPI poor (they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators, by definition). Those who are MPI poor suffer from deprivation in 69.3% of indicators, on average.

Fictional example

Country X consists of persons A, B and C. The following table shows the deprivation on each of the 10 indicators for persons A, B and C.

"0%" indicates no deprivation in that indicator, while "100%" indicates deprivation in that indicator.

Indicator Weight Person A Person B Person C
1 1/6 0% 0% 0%
2 1/6 0% 0% 0%
3 1/6 100% 100% 0%
4 1/6 0% 100% 0%
5 1/18 0% 100% 100%
6 1/18 0% 100% 100%
7 1/18 0% 0% 100%
8 1/18 100% 100% 100%
9 1/18 100% 0% 100%
10 1/18 100% 0% 0%
Weighted score 33.33% 50.00% 27.78%
Status MPI poor MPI poor Not MPI poor

Factor H for country X is:

1+1+03=0.667

Factor A for country X is:

33.33%+50.00%2=0.417

Thus, the MPI for country X is:

0.667×0.417=0.278

MPI in some developing countries

Country MPI % of People
who are
MPI Poor		 Average
Intensity of
MPI Poverty		 Number of MPI
Poor People
(thousands)		 Year % of People who
are Income Poor
($1.25/day)		 % of People who
are Income Poor
($2.00/day)		 Year
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.005 1.4 37.7 45 2009 0.6 4.3 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.452 77.4 58.4 11,136 2001 54.3 70.2 2000
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.011 3.0 37.7 1,160 2005 0.9 2.4 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.004 1.1 36.2 34 2005 1.3 12.4 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.021 5.3 39.4 461 2006 1.0 7.8 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.292 57.8 50.4 83,207 2007 49.6 81.3 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.000 0.0 35.1 0 2005 0.1 0.2 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.024 5.6 42.6 16 2006 12.4 24.5 1999
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.412 71.8 57.4 5,652 2006 47.3 75.3 2003
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.119 27.2 43.9 197 2010 26.2 49.5 2003
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.089 20.5 43.7 1,972 2008 13.6 25.1 2007
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.003 0.8 37.2 30 2006 0.0 0.2 2007
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.011 2.7 39.3 5,075 2006 3.8 9.9 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.536 82.6 64.9 12,078 2006 56.5 81.2 2003
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.530 84.5 62.7 6,127 2005 81.3 93.5 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.251 52.0 48.4 6,946 2005 28.3 56.5 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.287 53.3 53.9 9,149 2004 9.6 30.4 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.512 86.4 59.3 3,199 2000 62.8 80.1 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.344 62.9 54.7 5,758 2003 61.9 83.3 2003
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.056 12.5 44.9 161,675 2003 15.9 36.3 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.022 5.4 40.9 2,500 2010 16.0 27.9 2006
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.408 73.9 55.2 415 2000 46.1 65.0 2004
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.353 61.5 57.4 11,083 2005 23.8 46.3 2008
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.016 4.4 36.3 196 2003 0.1 0.1 2008
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.010 3.1 33.4 316 2003 0.1 0.2 1996
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.139 29.3 47.3 241 2006 18.8 41.2 2002
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.018 4.6 39.4 438 2007 4.3 13.6 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.393 73.2 53.7 44,485 2007 59.2 79.6 2006
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.009 2.2 41.6 286 2003 4.4 13.6 2009
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.024 6.0 40.7 4,699 2008 2.0 18.5 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.026 7.2 36.5 97 2003 0.5 1.5 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.562 88.6 63.5 65,798 2005 39.0 77.6 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.161 35.4 45.5 437 2000 4.8 19.6 2005
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.324 60.4 53.6 934 2006 34.3 56.7 2003
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.003 0.8 35.2 36 2005 15.3 32.2 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.144 31.2 46.2 7,258 2008 30.0 53.6 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.127 25.9 49.1 3,134 2003 11.7 24.3 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.506 82.5 61.3 7,459 2005 43.3 69.6 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.053 13.4 39.5 100 2005 8.7 18.0 1998
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.299 56.4 53.0 5,346 2006 54.9 72.2 2001
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.159 32.5 48.9 2,281 2006 23.3 35.4 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.016 4.6 34.3 466 2003 0.2 0.4 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.283 53.7 52.7 612,203 2005 41.6 75.6 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.095 20.8 45.9 48,352 2007 18.7 50.6 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.059 14.2 41.3 3,996 2006 4.0 25.3 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.008 2.4 34.4 145 2009 0.4 3.5 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.002 0.6 36.9 92 2006 0.2 1.5 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.229 47.8 48.0 18,863 2009 19.7 39.9 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.019 4.9 38.8 249 2006 1.9 29.4 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.267 47.2 56.5 2,757 2006 33.9 66.0 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.006 1.6 37.9 37 2003 0.3 1.0 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.156 35.3 44.1 759 2009 43.4 62.3 2003
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.485 83.9 57.7 2,917 2007 83.7 94.8 2007
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.008 1.9 40.9 39 2005 0.3 4.3 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.357 66.9 53.3 13,463 2009 67.8 89.6 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.381 72.1 52.8 8,993 2004 73.9 90.5 2004
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.018 5.2 35.6 16 2009 1.5 12.2 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.558 86.6 64.4 11,772 2006 51.4 77.1 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.352 61.7 57.1 1,982 2007 21.2 44.1 2000
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.015 4.0 38.9 4,313 2006 1.8 8.6 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.007 1.9 36.7 72 2005 1.9 12.5 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.065 15.8 41.0 402 2005 22.4 49.1 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.006 1.5 41.6 9 2005 0.1 0.2 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.048 10.6 45.3 3,287 2007 2.5 14.0 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.512 79.3 64.6 18,127 2009 59.6 81.8 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.154 31.8 48.3 14,297 2000
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.187 39.6 47.2 855 2007 49.1 62.2 1993
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.350 64.7 54.0 18,009 2006 24.82 57.25 2010
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.128 28.0 45.7 1,538 2006 15.8 31.9 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.642 92.4 69.4 12,437 2006 43.1 75.9 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.310 54.1 57.3 81,510 2008 64.4 83.9 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.005 1.4 37.3 52 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.264 49.4 53.4 81,236 2007 22.6 61.0 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.064 13.3 48.5 755 2003 5.1 13.2 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.086 19.9 43.2 5,421 2004 5.9 14.7 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.064 13.4 47.4 12,083 2008 22.6 45.0 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.208 40.6 51.2 1,600 2009 54.1 74.4 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.005 1.3 38.9 1,883 2003 0.0 0.1 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.426 80.2 53.2 7,380 2005 76.8 89.6 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.154 34.5 44.7 56 2009 29.7 55.9 2001
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.384 66.9 57.4 7,273 2005 33.5 60.4 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.003 0.8 40.0 79 2005 0.1 0.7 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.439 77.0 57.0 4,321 2008 53.4 76.1 2003
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.000 0.0 0.0 0 2003 0.3 1.4 1996
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.514 81.2 63.3 6,940 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.057 13.4 42.3 6,609 2008 17.4 35.7 2006
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.021 5.3 38.7 1,027 2003 7.0 29.1 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.039 8.2 47.2 41 2006 15.5 27.2 1999
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.184 41.4 44.5 469 2007 62.9 81.0 2001
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.021 5.5 37.5 1,041 2006 1.7 16.9 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.068 17.1 40.0 1,103 2005 21.5 50.9 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.367 65.2 56.3 27,559 2008 67.9 87.9 2007
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.006 1.6 38.5 1,067 2005 0.4 11.5 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.360 68.1 52.9 749 2009 37.4 72.8 2007
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.284 54.3 52.4 3,003 2006 38.7 69.3 2006
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.020 5.6 35.1 74 2006 4.2 13.5 1992
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.010 2.8 37.1 272 2003 2.6 12.8 2000
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.028 6.6 42.0 4,378 2003 2.7 9.1 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.367 72.3 50.7 21,235 2006 37.7 64.5 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.008 2.2 35.5 1,018 2007 0.0 0.1 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.002 0.6 35.3 20 2003
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.006 1.7 34.7 56 2003 0.0 0.2 2009
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.008 2.3 36.2 603 2006 46.3 76.7 2003
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.129 30.1 42.7 67 2007
Hi there! :) My name is Nannette, I'm a student studying Graduate School from Luzein, Switzerland.

my blog: Hosgator review		 0.084 17.7 47.2 14,249 2002 13.1 38.5 2008
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.283 52.5 53.9 11,176 2006 17.5 46.6 2005
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.328 64.2 51.2 7,739 2007 64.3 81.5 2004
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my blog: Hosgator review		 0.180 39.7 45.3 4,974 2006

Source: Alkire, S. Roche, JM. Santos, ME. and Seth, S (November 2011) http://ophi.qeh.ox.ac.uk . Multidimensional Poverty Index: 2011 Data. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Available at: www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-index/.

See also

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

  1. ↑ Template:Cite news
  2. ↑ http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Argentina.pdf
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Niger.pdf
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