Maximal information coefficient: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
en>Khazar2
clean up, typos fixed: achiveable → achieveable (2), continous → continuous (2), correpondence → correspondence, informtion → information, removed stub tag using AWB (8097)
 
en>Yobot
m WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (9475)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{technical|date=January 2012}}


'''Genic capture''' is a hypothesis explaining the maintenance of [[genetic variance]] in traits under [[sexual selection]]. A classic problem in sexual selection is the fixation of [[alleles]] that are beneficial under strong selection, thereby eliminating the benefits of [[mate choice]]. Genic capture resolves this [[lek paradox|paradox]] by suggesting that [[Quantitative genetics|additive genetic variance]] of [[Sexual selection|sexually selected traits]] reflects the genetic variance in total condition.<ref name="rowehoule">{{cite journal|last=Rowe|first=Locke|coauthors=Houle, David|title=The capture of genetic variance by condition dependent traits|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]]|year=1996|volume=263|pages=1415–1421|doi=10.1098/rspb.1996.0207|issue=1375}}</ref> A deleterious [[mutation]] anywhere in the [[genome]] will adversely affect condition, and thereby adversely affect a condition-dependent sexually selected trait. Genic capture therefore resolves the [[lek paradox]] by proposing that recurrent deleterious mutation maintains additive genetic variance in fitness by incorporating the entire [[mutation load]] of an individual. Thus any condition-dependent trait "captures" the overall genetic variance in condition. Rowe and Houle argued that genic capture ensures that [[Handicap principle|good genes]] will become a central feature of the evolution of any sexually selected trait.


Several social social [http://www.201VIDEOTIPS.COM bookmarking] sites provide the capacity to tag the publish. Tagging makes it possible for the visitors to effortlessly obtain your posts when doing a query on the website. Plenty of people could not get their submit ranked in the entrance web site. Consequently, it's important to label your blog post. You are making it searchable by the visitors, by tagging your post.<br><br>To discover keywords and phrases, you are able to reference the favored post over the website. The post should be while in the exact topic as your submit. You'll be able to see what keywords the publish is working with. The title along with the descriptions need to consist of related [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?sel=site&searchPhrase=keyword+phrases keyword phrases]. You'll be able to repeat the principle key phrase 2 - 3 times all over the description. Search term spamming is strictly not authorized. You should not point out a similar key phrase much too numerous moments in the description. It will cause the moderator to delete your post if you use a lot of keywords. Applying a good deal of keyword phrases will not cause your article webpage to rank substantial within the online search engine. If the search engine discovers that you use a lot of keywords in the description, in fact, your site will not get indexed.<br><br>You'll be able to take benefit of the cost-free key phrase suggestion device to locate a suitable search term. They search phrase you employ in the social bookmarking submission ought to have very low competition. Lower levels of competition key phrase is easier to ranked for assess to higher competitors key phrase simply because no-one is competing with you. The small level of competition search term should really obtain adequate visits every month. If it has low competition but no visits, it couldn't help your site to get targeted traffic. Samples of absolutely free key phrase analysis resource involve Google Adwords Search phrases, Search term Discovery, Key word Samurai, Search engine marketing E-book search phrase suggestion device and etc.<br><br>When you consist of search phrases in the description and title, you might be enabling it to rank effectively in search engine. Before your site get indexed and crawled, the social bookmark posts is going to be indexed first. Guests who complete a look for around the internet search engine might occur throughout your social bookmark posts. They're going to simply click through the link and visit your internet site. Your title and description shouldn't encompass all funds letter. You shouldn't utilize the META title given that the title for the social bookmarking submission.<br><br>You'll find countless social bookmarking web-sites on the web. It can be tiresome to submit to the many social bookmarking sites. On top of that, you have got to examine the hyperlinks during the social bookmarking list to help make confident they are valid. It can take a long time in order to complete the submission for a single URL. If you don't want all these hassles, you can hire a social bookmarking service. Several Web optimization company offers social bookmarking support in a low and affordable cost. To locate social bookmarking support, it is possible to enter the keyword “social bookmarking service” while in the online search engine. After you strike enter, you will see a listing of Search engine marketing companies that supply social bookmarking services. It is best to review the prices involving different Search engine optimisation corporations so that you can attain the most effective offer.
== Condition ==
 
The key quantity for genic capture is vaguely defined as "condition." The hypothesis only defines condition as a quantity that correlates tightly with overall [[fitness (biology)|fitness]], such that [[directional selection]] will always increase average condition over time. Condition should, in general, reflect overall energy acquisition, such that life-history variation reflects differential allocation to survival and sexual signalling. Genetic variation in condition should be very broadly affected by any changes in the genome. Close to [[genetic equilibrium|equilibrium]] any mutation should be [[Fisher's geometric model|deleterious]], thereby leading to non-zero overall mutation rate, maintaining variance in fitness.
 
== Rowe and Houle's Quantitative Genetic Model ==
Rowe and Houle's simple model defines a trait as the result of three heritable components, a condition-independent component <math>a</math>, epistatic modification <math>b</math> and condition, suggesting the following function for a trait:
 
<math>
T = a + bC
</math>
 
where <math>C</math> is the condition of an individual. Loci contributing to <math>C</math> are loosely linked and independent of loci contributing to <math>a</math> and <math>b</math>. Rowe and Houle then find the expected variance of <math>T</math> and ignored higher-order terms (i.e. products of variances):
 
<math>
G_T \approx G_a + \bar{b}^2 G_C + \bar{C}^2 G_b
</math>
 
where <math>G_T</math> represents the [[genetic variance]] in the signal and analogously for other traits. Under [[directional selection]] on <math>T</math>, the loci underlying <math>a</math> and <math>b</math> may lose all genetic variance. However, there is no qualitative difference in directional selection on <math>C</math> between [[stabilizing selection]] (i.e. no sexual selection) and directional selection on <math>T</math>. Therefore the second term <math>\bar{b}^2 G_C</math> will remain positive (due to biased mutation) and dominate <math>G_T</math> under sexual selection.
 
== Other Applications ==
Genic capture can also play a role in accelerating adaptation to new environments.<ref name="lorch">{{cite journal|last=Lorch|first=Patrick|title=Condition-dependent sexual selection can accelerate adaptation|journal=Evolutionary Ecology Research|year=2003|volume=5|pages=867–881|coauthors=Stephen Proulx, Locke Rowe, Troy Day}}</ref>
 
== Comparisons ==
 
Genic capture was proposed as a simpler alternative to another theory explaining the lek paradox<ref name="moller">{{cite journal|last=Pomiankowski|first=Andrew|coauthors=Moller, A.P.|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] | year=1995|volume=260|pages=21–29|doi=10.1098/rspb.1995.0054|title=A Resolution of the Lek Paradox|issue=1357}}</ref> that proposed that sexual selection creates [[disruptive selection]], i.e. positive selection for genetic variance. Genic capture does not require any particular fitness function.
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
<!--- Categories --->
 
[[Category:Evolutionary biology]]
[[Category:Sexual selection]]

Revision as of 01:23, 11 September 2013

My name is Winnie and I am studying Anthropology and Sociology and Modern Languages and Classics at Rillieux-La-Pape / France.

Also visit my web site ... hostgator1centcoupon.info

Genic capture is a hypothesis explaining the maintenance of genetic variance in traits under sexual selection. A classic problem in sexual selection is the fixation of alleles that are beneficial under strong selection, thereby eliminating the benefits of mate choice. Genic capture resolves this paradox by suggesting that additive genetic variance of sexually selected traits reflects the genetic variance in total condition.[1] A deleterious mutation anywhere in the genome will adversely affect condition, and thereby adversely affect a condition-dependent sexually selected trait. Genic capture therefore resolves the lek paradox by proposing that recurrent deleterious mutation maintains additive genetic variance in fitness by incorporating the entire mutation load of an individual. Thus any condition-dependent trait "captures" the overall genetic variance in condition. Rowe and Houle argued that genic capture ensures that good genes will become a central feature of the evolution of any sexually selected trait.

Condition

The key quantity for genic capture is vaguely defined as "condition." The hypothesis only defines condition as a quantity that correlates tightly with overall fitness, such that directional selection will always increase average condition over time. Condition should, in general, reflect overall energy acquisition, such that life-history variation reflects differential allocation to survival and sexual signalling. Genetic variation in condition should be very broadly affected by any changes in the genome. Close to equilibrium any mutation should be deleterious, thereby leading to non-zero overall mutation rate, maintaining variance in fitness.

Rowe and Houle's Quantitative Genetic Model

Rowe and Houle's simple model defines a trait as the result of three heritable components, a condition-independent component a, epistatic modification b and condition, suggesting the following function for a trait:

T=a+bC

where C is the condition of an individual. Loci contributing to C are loosely linked and independent of loci contributing to a and b. Rowe and Houle then find the expected variance of T and ignored higher-order terms (i.e. products of variances):

GTGa+b¯2GC+C¯2Gb

where GT represents the genetic variance in the signal and analogously for other traits. Under directional selection on T, the loci underlying a and b may lose all genetic variance. However, there is no qualitative difference in directional selection on C between stabilizing selection (i.e. no sexual selection) and directional selection on T. Therefore the second term b¯2GC will remain positive (due to biased mutation) and dominate GT under sexual selection.

Other Applications

Genic capture can also play a role in accelerating adaptation to new environments.[2]

Comparisons

Genic capture was proposed as a simpler alternative to another theory explaining the lek paradox[3] that proposed that sexual selection creates disruptive selection, i.e. positive selection for genetic variance. Genic capture does not require any particular fitness function.

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

  1. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  2. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
  3. One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

    There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang