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[[image:systolic array.jpg|thumb|240px|A systolic array network in which each data processing unit (DPU) receives data from one or more input streams and/or other DPUs and sends data to one or more output streams and/or other DPUs]]
"Era la notte prima di Natale e tutta la casa era in silenzio. Oh, I forgot, my articles are supposed to be in English. My bad! Today I wanted to tell y'all regarding my Christmas adventure in Italy, but I is sure to keep this article inside my native code, that of course is English - Southern style.<br><br>Don't give [http://safedietplans.com/bmr-calculator bmr calculator] up in the event you blow a diet for the day. Tomorrow is a hot day for eating healthy foods. The worst thing we can do is beat yourself up with guilt following overeating or bingeing, plus you're many vulnerable when anxious or depressed.<br><br>The basal metabolic rate is basically the amount of calories a body demands to survive for 1 day whilst doing normal bodily functions like breathing plus pumping blood etc. Taking in less calories then this might force the body to burn fat because stamina. There's is a calculator on the calculator page linked above.<br><br>Are we starving oneself while trying to lose weight? You can be in starvation mode. What is starvation mode? It is when the brain thinks you're starving and goes into protection mode. Your mind doesn't learn you're only struggling to get rid of body fat. It thinks you're starving it because it's not getting enough food to help all of the body's functions. It's wanting the vitamins, minerals, plus phytonutrients it is actually lacking while inside starvation mode. Wanting more so which the body and brain functions optimally, it holds onto just what it does have for protection sake. It's holding onto the body fat. When the mind gives your body this signal, we stop losing weight which is called a 'fat plateau." Your body still requires nutrients even if it is actually overloaded with fat.<br><br>Over half the calories needed by most females gas these simple bodily functions and it varies between overweight plus thin ladies. Computing bmr includes weight, height, plus age plus heat production at rest. The BMR constitutes regarding 60%  70% of the calories utilized.<br><br>Once we have established a daily calorie requires, we then should decide how several carbs you'll eat daily. Estimates range from 40% to 60% of calories coming from carbs for what is described because a "healthy diet." If, nonetheless, you may be eating 60% of the diet as carbs, how various calories are left for the proteins plus fats which are imperative for existence? Only 40% and that 40% should be distributed between proteins and fats. Why does the American Diabetic Association recommend a diet higher inside carbs, which create the blood glucose diabetics are supposed to be controlling, than proteins plus fats combined?<br><br>So you're saying which if do a metabolic fashion workout I will eat any I want? Absolutely not! The types of foods we eat are because important because the type of workout you do. Whenever you eat is merely as significant as what we eat. In the next few blogs I is discussing foods to consume plus those to avoid, too the proper occasions to eat for the most lucrative fat reduction. Be found on the lookout for the new N-Motion Fitness recipe section on nmotionfitnessllc.com.
 
In [[computer architecture]], a '''systolic array''' is a pipe network arrangement of [[Data processing system|processing units]] called cells. It is a specialized form of [[parallel computing]], where cells (i.e. processors), compute data and store it independently of each other.
 
==Description==
A systolic array is composed of matrix-like rows of data processing units called cells. Data processing units ([[Data processing system|DPU]]s) are similar to [[central processing unit]]s ([[CPU]])s, (except for the usual lack of a [[program counter]],<ref>The Paracel GeneMatcher series of systolic array processors do have a program counter. More complicated algorithms are implemented as a series of simple steps, with shifts specified in the instructions.</ref> since operation is [[transport triggered architecture|transport-triggered]], i.e., by the arrival of a data object). Each cell shares the information with its neighbours immediately after processing. The systolic array is often rectangular where data flows across the array between neighbour DPUs, often with different data flowing in different directions. The data streams entering and leaving the ports of the array are generated by [[auto-sequencing memory]] units, ASMs. Each ASM includes a [[data counter]]. In [[embedded system]]s a data stream may also be input from and/or output to an external source.
 
An example of a systolic [[algorithm]] might be designed for [[matrix multiplication]]. One [[matrix (math)|matrix]] is fed in a row at a time from the top of the array and is passed down the array, the other matrix is fed in a column at a time from the left hand side of the array and passes from left to right. Dummy values are then passed in until each processor has seen one whole row and one whole column. At this point, the result of the multiplication is stored in the array and can now be output a row or a column at a time, flowing down or across the array.<ref>[http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~mperkows/temp/May22/0020.Matrix-multiplication-systolic.pdf Systolic Array Matrix Multiplication]</ref>
 
Systolic arrays are arrays of DPUs which are connected to a small number of nearest neighbour DPUs in a mesh-like topology. DPUs perform a sequence of operations on data that flows between them. Because the traditional systolic array synthesis methods have been practiced by algebraic algorithms, only uniform arrays with only linear pipes can be obtained, so that the architectures are the same in all DPUs. The consequence is, that only applications with regular data dependencies can be implemented on classical systolic arrays. Like [[SIMD]] machines, clocked systolic arrays compute in "lock-step" with each processor undertaking alternate  compute | communicate
phases. But systolic arrays with asynchronous handshake between DPUs are called ''wavefront arrays''.
One well-known systolic array is Carnegie Mellon University's [[iWarp]] processor, which has been manufactured by Intel. An iWarp system has a linear array processor connected by data buses going in both directions.
 
==History==
The systolic array paradigm, data-stream-driven by data counters, is the counterpart of the [[von Neumann architecture|von Neumann paradigm]], instruction-stream-driven by a program counter. Because a systolic array usually sends and receives multiple data streams, and multiple data counters are needed to generate these data streams, it supports [[data parallelism]]. [[Systole (medicine)|The name]] derives from analogy with the regular pumping of blood by the heart.
 
[[H. T. Kung]] and [[Charles E. Leiserson]] published the first paper describing systolic arrays in 1978; however, the first machine known to have used a similar technique was the [[Colossus computer|Colossus Mark II]] in 1944.
 
==Applications==
''An application Example - Polynomial Evaluation''
 
[[Horner's rule]] for evaluating a polynomial is:
 
<math>
y = ( ... ( ( (a_n*x + a_{n-1})*x + a_{n-2})*x + a_{n-3})*x + ... + a_1)*x + a_0
</math>
 
A linear systolic array in which the processors are arranged in pairs:
one multiplies its input by <math>x</math> and passes the result to the right,
the next adds <math>a_j</math> and passes the result to the right:
 
==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Pros
*Faster
*Scalable
Cons
*Expensive
*Highly specialized for particular applications
*Difficult to build
 
==Implementations==
[[Cisco]] PXF network processor is internally organized as systolic array.<ref>http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps133/prod_white_paper09186a008008902a.html</ref>
 
==See also==
*[[iWarp]] - Systolic Array Computer, VLSI, Intel/CMU
*[[WARP (systolic array)]] - Systolic Array Computer, GE/CMU
 
==Notes==
<references/>
 
==References==
{{More footnotes|date=April 2011}}
*H. T. Kung, C. E. Leiserson: Algorithms for VLSI processor arrays; in: C. Mead, L. Conway (eds.): Introduction to VLSI Systems; Addison-Wesley, 1979
*S. Y. Kung: VLSI Array Processors; Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1988
*N. Petkov: Systolic Parallel Processing; North Holland Publishing Co, 1992
 
==External links==
*[http://www.iti.fh-flensburg.de/lang/papers/isa/index.htm ''Instruction Systolic Array (ISA)'']
* [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/92/4292150/04292156.pdf 'A VLSI Architecture for Image Registration in Real Time' (Based on systolic array), Vol. 15, September 2007]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Systolic Array}}
[[Category:Parallel computing]]
[[Category:Reconfigurable computing]]

Revision as of 15:06, 19 February 2014

"Era la notte prima di Natale e tutta la casa era in silenzio. Oh, I forgot, my articles are supposed to be in English. My bad! Today I wanted to tell y'all regarding my Christmas adventure in Italy, but I is sure to keep this article inside my native code, that of course is English - Southern style.

Don't give bmr calculator up in the event you blow a diet for the day. Tomorrow is a hot day for eating healthy foods. The worst thing we can do is beat yourself up with guilt following overeating or bingeing, plus you're many vulnerable when anxious or depressed.

The basal metabolic rate is basically the amount of calories a body demands to survive for 1 day whilst doing normal bodily functions like breathing plus pumping blood etc. Taking in less calories then this might force the body to burn fat because stamina. There's is a calculator on the calculator page linked above.

Are we starving oneself while trying to lose weight? You can be in starvation mode. What is starvation mode? It is when the brain thinks you're starving and goes into protection mode. Your mind doesn't learn you're only struggling to get rid of body fat. It thinks you're starving it because it's not getting enough food to help all of the body's functions. It's wanting the vitamins, minerals, plus phytonutrients it is actually lacking while inside starvation mode. Wanting more so which the body and brain functions optimally, it holds onto just what it does have for protection sake. It's holding onto the body fat. When the mind gives your body this signal, we stop losing weight which is called a 'fat plateau." Your body still requires nutrients even if it is actually overloaded with fat.

Over half the calories needed by most females gas these simple bodily functions and it varies between overweight plus thin ladies. Computing bmr includes weight, height, plus age plus heat production at rest. The BMR constitutes regarding 60% 70% of the calories utilized.

Once we have established a daily calorie requires, we then should decide how several carbs you'll eat daily. Estimates range from 40% to 60% of calories coming from carbs for what is described because a "healthy diet." If, nonetheless, you may be eating 60% of the diet as carbs, how various calories are left for the proteins plus fats which are imperative for existence? Only 40% and that 40% should be distributed between proteins and fats. Why does the American Diabetic Association recommend a diet higher inside carbs, which create the blood glucose diabetics are supposed to be controlling, than proteins plus fats combined?

So you're saying which if do a metabolic fashion workout I will eat any I want? Absolutely not! The types of foods we eat are because important because the type of workout you do. Whenever you eat is merely as significant as what we eat. In the next few blogs I is discussing foods to consume plus those to avoid, too the proper occasions to eat for the most lucrative fat reduction. Be found on the lookout for the new N-Motion Fitness recipe section on nmotionfitnessllc.com.

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