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| {{Essay-like|date=January 2010}}
| | == alebo horšie. Nike Run == |
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| [[Throughput]] of a network can be measured using various tools available on different platforms. This page explains the theory behind what these tools set out to measure and the issues regarding these measurements. | | Takže od tej doby má letenku už môžeme tiež urobiť výlet z nej. Som žartom navrhol, ideme do Disneylandu (hey, ja chcem vidieť Kalifornia vánok zblízka). To je náš šiesty výlet do Štátov. Polica de Uso:? La Guia Hotel v sídle Guia de Hoteles en Brasil, žiadne eval la Calidad de los servicios prestados por los Establecimientos, la estructura en el sitio ňu lo que el hotel ofrece. Si o sebe konzultačné la Guia Hotel v sídle usted acepta los tminos de uso de este sitio. Para m Detalles Haga clic aqu? /> ... <br><br>Dry stav počasia zvíťazil v ostatných častiach štátu. Karnataka v období od marca 11 až 17 marca zaznamenali prebytok dažďové zrážky. Dôvod: bez ohľadu na to, ako dobré počasie, park je zafajčený. Frates bol diagnostikovaný s ALS marca 2012 27 rokov. Beverly, Massachusetts, rodák, hral v outfield pre Maroon a zlato od roku 2004 do 07. Kapitán jeho ročníku, on dokončil jeho BC kariéru s 107 štartmi, v priemere 0,228, 88 zobrazenie, 56 RBIs, 11 domov . <br><br>18 mesiacov, že to jednoducho brať rovnaký krok ako David Guetta je. Použitie slávnej featurings zasiahnuť. Preto, že to nie je jeho pôvodný zvuk, je to ako používať popovej spevákmi na elektronickej hudby, a to jednoducho necíti to isté. Táto kohorta tvorí kvantitatívne rámec, v ktorom sú vnorené niekoľko, väčšinou kvalitatívne, projekty študujúci preferencie a očakávania pacientov a použiteľnosť smerníc dopredu. Kohorta tiež tvorí základ pre projekt ďalej rozvíjať [http://www.reinatour.cz/UserFiles/config.asp Nike Run] koncept osobné dôstojnosť na konci života. V roku 2008 získala v kariére ocenenie od holandskej organizácie pre vedecký výskum (NWO, Vici systém) pre pohľadu pacienta výskumného programu na konci životnosti starostlivosti: osobnú dôstojnosť, preferencie a účasť.. <br><br>V tomto sypký hry, môžete ponoriť hlboko do vesmíru, jesť a vyvíja, zber do malej sústa pomôcť vášmu stvorenia väčšie a zložitejšie. S vloženým dizajnom DDA (prispôsobenie Dynamic obtiažnosti), hráči s rôznym stupňom zručností môže intuitívne prispôsobiť svoj zážitok z hry a vychutnať si hru svojím vlastným tempom. Hráči môžu tiež prispôsobiť vzhľad svojich organizmov založených na hranie ... <br><br>Ale majte sa na pozore! Niektoré z nich majú legitímne príležitosti, zatiaľ čo iní sa treba vyhnúť. Podvodníci často sa z reklamy sľubujú veľké peniaze za [http://www.tankovepivo.cz/application/error.asp Polo Ralph Lauren Praha] prácu doma. Povedala, kam sa pozerať, robiť a čo nerobiť, a ako [http://www.tankovepivo.cz/editor/filer.asp Nike Free Run] veľmi sa dá odôvodnene očakávať, že robiť. <br><br>Oni sa vzali 20. Júna 1955, v hoteli The Plaza Hotel v New York [http://www.kolomy.cz/includes/define.asp Hollister Shop] City. Manželstvo bolo údajne zrušené v roku 1958. Záleží tiež na drogy samotnej, samozrejme. Je to už niekoľko rokov, čo som si užíval. Pri spätnom pohľade som mal pekne desivé chvíle a ja som stále ohromený som nikdy nemal predávkovania, autonehodu, alebo horšie.<ul> |
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| | <li>[http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article65#forum18072587 http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article65#forum18072587]</li> |
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| | <li>[http://www.kaichequba.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=26820&fromuid=4187 http://www.kaichequba.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=26820&fromuid=4187]</li> |
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| | <li>[http://www.snesup-paris13.org/spip.php?article1/ http://www.snesup-paris13.org/spip.php?article1/]</li> |
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| | <li>[http://www.metransparent.com/spip.php?article10827&lang=ar&id_forum=14263/ http://www.metransparent.com/spip.php?article10827&lang=ar&id_forum=14263/]</li> |
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| | <li>[http://www.film-video-dvd-production.com/spip.php?article6/ http://www.film-video-dvd-production.com/spip.php?article6/]</li> |
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| | </ul> |
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| Reasons for measuring throughput in networks.
| | == než si ho kúpim Michael Kors Praha == |
| People are often concerned about '''measuring the maximum data [[throughput]]''' in bits per second of a communications link or network access. A typical method of performing a measurement is to transfer a 'large' file from one system to another system and measure the time required to complete the transfer or copy of the file. The throughput is then calculated by dividing the file size by the time to get the throughput in [[megabit]]s, [[kilobit]]s, or [[bit]]s per second.
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| Unfortunately, the results of such an exercise will result in the [[throughput]] which is typically less than the maximum theoretical data throughput, leading to people believing that their communications link is not operating correctly.
| | Odborná [http://www.bktrutnov.cz/aplikace/ckeditor/adapters/header.asp Michael Kors Praha] aj hlboko zakorenené zapojenie rodiny Horowitz [http://www.reinatour.cz/UserFiles/config.asp Nike E Shop] v City of Hope. Zach Horowitz, dlhoročný vodca skupiny hudobný a zábavný priemysel, je kolega Doug Morris. Zach Horowitz otec, Ben Horowitz, bol predtým výkonný riaditeľ City of Hope; Ben Horowitz manželka, Beverly Horowitz, predtým viedol City of Hope St. <br><br>Vstupom na naše stránky, dávate súhlas k praktikám zhromažďovanie a využívanie informácií popísaných v tomto prehlásení o ochrane súkromia, v znení z času na čas u nás. Ak sa rozhodneme zmeniť naše vyhlásenie o ochrane súkromia, budeme zakladať nové vyhlásenie na našich stránkach a zmeňte dátum v hornej časti vyhlásenia. Preto odporúčame vám skontrolovať dátum nášho Vyhlásenie o ochrane súkromia pri každej návšteve tejto stránky akékoľvek aktualizácie alebo zmeny ... <br><br>Blogovanie, v jeho raných foriem možno vysledovať späť do roku 1993, kedy bol vynájdený Dr Glen Barry, keď sa postavil svoj prvý politický blog s názvom "Gaia Forest zachovanie Archives". Blogovanie bol potom definovaný ako webového komentárom. Je rozumné očakávať, že bude môcť vyskúšať na dychový nástroj, než si ho kúpim? Kúpil som si "Gill" Drevené sopranino rekordér (barokový prstoklad, samozrejme) z obchodu v Bostone, bez toho, aby pritom, a vrátil sa k záveru, že najnižšia G a B poznámky (Rov. <br><br>Prevažujúca vzory vietor, ktorý vanie od pobrežia vplyv na Boston, čím sa minimalizuje vplyv Atlantic Ocean.The najteplejším mesiacom je júl s priemernou teplotou 73,9 [http://www.bktrutnov.cz/datedit/lang/footer.asp Nike Air Force 1] F (23.3 Najchladnejšie mesiac je január s priemerom 29,3 F (1,5 dobu dlhšiu ako 90 F (32 v lete a pod 10 F (12 v zime nie sú nezvyčajné, ale len zriedka rozšírená, s asi 13 dní za rok vidí bývalý extrémne, [69] a najnovšie subzero čítanie vyskytujúce 24. Januára 2011. [70] Extrémami sa pohybovali v rozmedzí 18 až 104 F (28 40 zaznamenaný 9. <br><br>Je to pocit, ako scéna z sci-fi filmu. Ale dni po operácii môžete mať späť do normálneho života. O dva mesiace neskôr, Jolie prešiel Rekonštrukcia prsníka chirurgia a dostali implantáty .. To je spôsob myslenia o praktických lekárov. Denníky stojí trochu viac, a môže byť vyššia, než by chceli pre svojich pacientov. V Európe, odporúčajú to, čo je pre vás najlepšie, a denníky sú najlepšie, najbezpečnejšie a najjednoduchšie. <br><br>Zlé správy, keď som sa prebudil. Requiem, moje šteňa nedávno odišiel Spot syn, zomrel, keď sme boli preč. Priateľ mal kŕmiť domáce zvieratá, ale možno, šteňa nemohol dostať miesto, zatiaľ čo oni boli kŕmiť. Môžete tiež pridať ťažké zariadenia, ako sú vodné nákladné vozidlá [http://www.erko-brezova.sk/libraries/joomla/database/table/mail.php Polo Ralph Lauren] a kompaktory. Tiež zvážte organizovanie výmeny susedstve oblečenie, ak chcete, aby sa zabránilo webe úplne. Každý, kto má aspoň niekoľko starých elektronických zariadení v okolí domu.<ul> |
| In fact, there are many overheads accounted for in throughput in addition to transmission overheads, including [[Latency (engineering)|latency]], [[Receive_Window#Window_size|TCP Receive Window size]] and system limitations, which means the calculated throughput does not reflect the maximum achievable throughput.
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| | | <li>[http://www.csjguokan.com/news/html/?342459.html http://www.csjguokan.com/news/html/?342459.html]</li> |
| ==Theory: Short Summary==
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| The Maximum bandwidth can be calculated as follows:
| | <li>[http://www.proyectoalba.com.ar/spip.php?article66/ http://www.proyectoalba.com.ar/spip.php?article66/]</li> |
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| <math> \mathrm{Throughput} \le \frac {\mathrm{RWIN}} {\mathrm{RTT}} \,\!</math> <!-- The \,\! is to keep the formula rendered as PNG instead of HTML. Please don't remove it. It matches the next formula. -->
| | <li>[http://www.philatelie-france-russie.fr/spip.php?article51/ http://www.philatelie-france-russie.fr/spip.php?article51/]</li> |
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| where RWIN is the TCP Receive Window and RTT is the [[Round-trip delay time|round-trip time]] for the path.
| | <li>[http://passerelle.ethiopie.free.fr/spip.php?article81/ http://passerelle.ethiopie.free.fr/spip.php?article81/]</li> |
| The Max TCP Window size in the absence of [[TCP window scale option]] is 65,535 [[byte]]s.Example: Max Bandwidth = 65535 bytes / 0.220 s = 297886.36 bytes/s * 8 = 2.383 [[megabit|Mbit]]/s.
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| | | <li>[http://202.109.115.218:8080/read.php?tid=5401381&page=e#a] http://202.109.115.218:8080/read.php?tid=5401381&page=e#a]]</li> |
| We multiply the Byte per second times 8 to get the Bit per second rate. Over a single TCP connection between those endpoints, the tested Bandwidth will be restricted to 2.376 Mbit/s even if the contracted Bandwidth is greater.
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| | | </ul> |
| ==Bandwidth test software==
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| Bandwidth test software is used to determine the maximum bandwidth of a [[computer network|network]] or [[internet]] connection. It is typically undertaken by attempting to download or upload the maximum amount of data in a certain period of time, or a certain amount of data in the minimum amount of time. For this reason, Bandwidth tests can delay internet transmissions through the internet connection as they are undertaken, and can cause inflated data charges.{{Citation needed|reason=scientific statement needed|date=May 2013}}
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| A more accurate method is to use dedicated software such as Netcps, [[JDSU]] QT600, [[Spirent]] Test Center, [[IxChariot]], [[Iperf]], [[Ttcp]], [[netperf]] or [[bwping]] for measuring the maximum throughput of a network access.
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| ==Nomenclature==
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| {{bitrates}}
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| {{main|Orders of magnitude (data)}}
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| The throughput of communications links is measured in bits per second (bit/s), kilobits per second (kbit/s), megabits per second (Mbit/s) and gigabits per second (Gbit/s). In this application, kilo, mega and giga are the standard [[SI|S.I.]] prefixes indicating multiplication by 1,000 ([[Kilo-|kilo]]), 1,000,000 ([[Mega-|mega]]), and 1,000,000,000 ([[giga]]).
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| File sizes are typically measured in [[byte]]s — [[kilobyte]]s, [[megabyte]]s, and [[gigabyte]]s being usual, where a byte is eight bits. In modern textbooks one kilobyte is defined as 1,000 byte, one megabyte as 1,000,000 byte, etc., in accordance with the 1998 [[International Electrotechnical Commission]] (IEC) standard. However, when Windows systems measure file size, the old computer science definition is still used, where 1 kilobyte is defined as 1,024 (or 2<sup>10</sup>) bytes, which should be denoted 1 [[kibibyte]] according to IEC terminology. Similarly, a file size of 1 megabyte is 1,024 × 1,024 byte (should be called 1 [[mebibyte]]), and 1 gigabyte 1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024 byte (should be called one [[gibibyte]]). The result of all this is that a file that according to the operational system consists of 64 kilobyte data contains 64 × 1024 bytes, or 64 × 1024 × 8 bits.
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| ===Confusing and inconsistent use of Suffixes===
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| It is usual for people to abbreviate commonly used expressions. For file sizes, it is usual for someone to say that they have a '64 k' file (meaning 64 kilobytes), or a '100 meg' file (meaning 100 megabytes). When talking about circuit [[bit rate]]s, people will interchangeably use the terms [[throughput]], [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] and speed, and refer to a circuit as being a '64 k' circuit, or a '2 meg' circuit — meaning 64 kbit/s or 2 Mbit/s (see also the [[List of device bandwidths|List of connection bandwidths]]). A '64 k' circuit will, therefore, not transmit a '64 k' file in one second. This may not be obvious to those unfamiliar with telecommunications and computing, so misunderstandings sometimes arise. In actuality, a 64 kilobyte file is 64 × 1,024 × 8 bits in size and the 64 k circuit will transmit bits at a rate of 64 × 1,000 bit/s, so the amount of time taken to transmit a 64 kilobyte file over the 64 k circuit will be at least (64 × 1,024 × 8)/(64 × 1,000) seconds, which works out to be 8.192 seconds.
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| ==Compression==
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| Some equipment can improve matters by compressing the data as it is sent. This is a feature of most analogue [[modem]]s and of several popular [[operating system]]s. If the 64 k file can be shrunk by [[Data compression|compression]], the time taken to transmit can be reduced. This can be done invisibly to the user, so a highly compressible file may be transmitted considerably faster than expected. As this 'invisible' compression cannot easily be disabled, it therefore follows that when measuring throughput by using files and timing the time to transmit, one should use files that cannot be compressed. Typically, this done using a file of random data, which becomes harder to compress the closer to truly random it is.
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| Assuming your data cannot be compressed, the 8.192 seconds to transmit a 64 kilobyte file over a 64 kilobit/s communications link is a theoretical minimum time which will not be achieved in practice. This is due to the effect of overheads which are used to format the data in an agreed manner so that both ends of a connection have a consistent view of the data.
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| There are at least two issues that aren't immediately obvious for transmitting compressed files.
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| (1) The throughput of the network itself isn't improved by compression. From the end-to-end (server to client) perspective compression does improve throughput. That's because information content for the same amount of transmission is increased through compression of files.
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| (2) Compressing files at the server and client takes more processor resources at both the ends. The server has to use its processor to compress the files, if they aren't already done. The client has to decompress the files upon receipt. This can be considered an expense (for the server and client) for the benefit of increased end to end throughput(although the throughput hasn't changed for the network itself.) | |
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| ==Overheads and data formats==
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| A common communications link used by many people is the [[asynchronous start-stop]], or just "asynchronous", serial link. If you have an external modem attached to your home or office computer, the chances are that the connection is over an asynchronous serial connection. Its advantage is that it is simple — it can be implemented using only three wires: Send, Receive and Signal Ground (or Signal Common). In an [[RS232]] interface, an idle connection has a continuous negative voltage applied. A 'zero' bit is represented as a positive voltage difference with respect to the Signal Ground and a 'one' bit is a negative voltage with respect to signal ground, thus indistinguishable from the idle state. This means you need to know when a 'one' bit starts to distinguish it from idle. This is done by agreeing in advance how fast data will be transmitted over a link, then using a start bit to signal the start of a byte — this start bit will be a 'zero' bit. Stop bits are 'one' bits i.e. negative voltage.
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| (EDIT- The above info is wrong. In the RS-232 protocol, a zero is negative with respect to ground and a one is positive. An RS232 signal sits negative when idle. So any further description above about "one" or "zero" are backwards. The byte's "StartBit" is high-going, and indicates that the next bit time is the first bit of the serial data. TTL level asynchronous serial data is voltage high = 0, and voltage low = 1. The TTL level data is run through a TTL/RS232 converter, commonly a Maxim chip, like a MAX232, and this does the inversion and level shifting. Any and all signals inside a device that has RS232 connectivity are always TTL level (0 and 5V or 0 and 3.3V or 0 and 3v) internally and conversion to and from RS232 is the last thing outgoing data does, or the first thing incoming data does.)
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| Actually, more things will have been agreed in advance — the speed of bit transmission, the number of bits per character, the [[parity bit|parity]] and the number of stop bits (signifying the end of a character). So a designation of 9600-8-E-2 would be 9,600 bits per second, with eight bits per character, even parity and two stop bits.
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| A common set-up of an asynchronous serial connection would be 9600-8-N-1 (9,600 bit/s, 8 bits per character, no parity and 1 stop bit) - a total of 10 bits transmitted to send one 8 bit character (one start bit, the 8 bits making up the byte transmitted and one stop bit). This is an overhead of 25%, so a 9,600 bit/s asynchronous serial link will not transmit data at 9600/8 bytes per second (1200 byte/s) but actually, in this case 9600/10 bytes per second (960 byte/s), which is considerably slower than expected.
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| It can get worse. If parity is specified and we use 2 stop bits, the overhead for carrying one 8 bit character is 4 bits (one start bit, one parity bit and two stop bits) - or 50%! In this case a 9600 bit/s connection will carry 9600/12 byte/s (800 byte/s). [[Asynchronous serial communication|Asynchronous serial interfaces]] commonly will support bit transmission speeds of up to 230.4 kbit/s. If it is set up to have no parity and one stop bit, this means the byte transmission rate is 23.04 kbyte/s.
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| The advantage of the asynchronous serial connection is its simplicity. One disadvantage is its low efficiency in carrying data. This can be overcome by using a [[Synchronization (computer science)|synchronous]] interface. In this type of interface, a clock signal is added on a separate wire, and the bits are transmitted in synchrony with the clock — the interface no longer has to look for the start and stop bits of each individual character — however, it is necessary to have a mechanism to ensure the sending and receiving clocks are kept in synchrony, so data is divided up into frames of multiple characters separated by known delimiters. There are three common coding schemes for framed communications — [[HDLC]], [[Point-to-Point Protocol|PPP]], and [[Ethernet]]
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| ===HDLC===
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| When using [[HDLC]], rather than each byte having a start, optional parity, and one or two stop bits, the bytes are gathered together into a [[data frame|frame]]. The start and end of the frame are signalled by the 'flag', and error detection is carried out by the frame check sequence. If the frame has a maximum sized address of 32 bits, a maximum sized control part of 16 bits and a maximum sized frame check sequence of 16 bits, the overhead per frame could be as high as 64 bits. If each frame carried but a single byte, the data throughput efficiency would be extremely low. However, the bytes are normally gathered together, so that even with a maximal overhead of 64 bits, frames carrying more than 24 bytes are more efficient than asynchronous serial connections. As frames can vary in size because they can have different numbers of bytes being carried as data, this means the overhead of an HDLC connection is not fixed.
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| ===PPP===
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| The "[[point-to-point protocol]]" (PPP) is defined by the Internet Request For Comment documents RFC 1570, RFC 1661 and RFC 1662. With respect to the framing of packets, PPP is quite similar to HDLC, but supports both bit-oriented as well as byte-oriented ("octet-stuffed") methods of delimiting frames while maintaining data transparency.
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| ===Ethernet===
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| [[Ethernet]] is a "[[local area network]]" (LAN) technology, which is also framed. The way the frame is electrically defined on a connection between two systems is different from the typically wide-area networking technology that uses HDLC or PPP implemented, but these details are not important for throughput calculations. Ethernet is a shared medium, so that it is not guaranteed that only the two systems that are transferring a file between themselves will have exclusive access to the connection. If several systems are attempting to communicate simultaneously, the throughput between any pair can be substantially lower than the nominal bandwidth available.
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| ===Other low-level protocols===
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| Dedicated point-to-point links are not the only option for many connections between systems. [[Frame Relay]], [[Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM]], and [[Multiprotocol Label Switching|MPLS]] based services can also be used. When calculating or estimating data throughputs, the details of the frame/cell/packet format and the technology's detailed implementation need to be understood.
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| ====Frame Relay====
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| [[Frame Relay]] uses a modified HDLC format to define the frame format that carries data.
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| ====ATM====
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| The "[[asynchronous transfer mode]]" (ATM) uses a radically different method of carrying data. Rather than using variable length frames or packets, data is carried in fixed size cells. Each cell is 53 bytes long, with the first 5 bytes defined as the header, and the following 48 bytes as payload. [[Computer networking|Data networking]] commonly requires packets of data that are larger than 48 bytes, so there is a defined adaptation process that specifies how larger packets of data should be divided up in a standard manner to be carried by the smaller cells. This process varies according to the data carried, so in ATM nomenclature, there are different [[ATM Adaptation Layers]]. The process defined for most data is named ATM Adaptation Layer No. 5 or [[AAL5]].
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| Understanding throughput on ATM links requires a knowledge of which ATM adaptation layer has been used for the data being carried.
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| ====MPLS====
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| [[Multiprotocol Label Switching]] (MPLS) adds a standard tag or header known as a 'label' to existing packets of data. In certain situations it is possible to use MPLS in a 'stacked' manner, so that labels are added to packets that have already been labelled. Connections between MPLS systems can also be 'native', with no underlying transport protocol, or MPLS labelled packets can be carried inside frame relay or HDLC packets as payloads. Correct thoughput calculations need to take such configurations into account. For example, a data packet could have two MPLS labels attached via 'label-stacking', then be placed as payload inside an HDLC frame. This generates more overhead that has to be taken into account that a single MPLS label attached to a packet which is then sent 'natively', with no underlying protocol to a receiving system. | |
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| ==Higher-level protocols==
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| Few systems transfer files and data by simply copying the contents of the file into the 'Data' field of HDLC or PPP frames — another protocol layer is used to format the data inside the 'Data' field of the HDLC or PPP frame. The most commonly used such protocol is [[Internet Protocol]] (IP), defined by RFC 791. This imposes its own overheads.
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| Again, few systems simply copy the contents of files into IP packets, but use yet another protocol that manages the connection between two systems — TCP ([[Transmission Control Protocol]]), defined by RFC 1812. This adds its own overhead.
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| Finally, a final protocol layer manages the actual data transfer process. A commonly used protocol for this is the "[[file transfer protocol]]" (FTP), defined by RFC 959.
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| ==Tools available for measuring throughput==
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| This section cannot be comprehensive because there are many tools available, some of which are proprietary and specific to vendor applications.
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| Some of these tools can be used for nefarious purposes. The use of these tools can possibly lead to harmful consequences even if the tester has only good intentions. So use of these should be, at a minimum, done with caution and a good understanding of the tools.
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| * [http://www.vanheusden.com/httping HTTPing]
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| * [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vanheusden.HTTPing HTTPing for Android]
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| * [http://speedof.me SpeedOf.Me, HTML5 Speed Test]
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Asymptotic bandwidth]]
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| *[[Bandwidth (computing)|Bandwidth]]
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| *[[Bit rate]]
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| *[[Goodput]]
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| *[[Network traffic measurement]]
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| *[[Packet generation model]]
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| *[[Throughput]]
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| *[[Speedof.me|SpeedOf.Me - HTML5 Bandwidth Test]]
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| ==References== | |
| *[http://www.caida.org/workshops/isma/0312/abstracts/guojun.pdf Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] paper on measuring available bandwidth
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| == External links == | |
| * {{dmoz|Computers/Data_Communications/Testing_and_Tools/Bandwidth_Tests/|Bandwidth Tests}}
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| [[Category:Computer network analysis]]
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| [[Category:Network performance]]
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alebo horšie. Nike Run
Takže od tej doby má letenku už môžeme tiež urobiť výlet z nej. Som žartom navrhol, ideme do Disneylandu (hey, ja chcem vidieť Kalifornia vánok zblízka). To je náš šiesty výlet do Štátov. Polica de Uso:? La Guia Hotel v sídle Guia de Hoteles en Brasil, žiadne eval la Calidad de los servicios prestados por los Establecimientos, la estructura en el sitio ňu lo que el hotel ofrece. Si o sebe konzultačné la Guia Hotel v sídle usted acepta los tminos de uso de este sitio. Para m Detalles Haga clic aqu? /> ...
Dry stav počasia zvíťazil v ostatných častiach štátu. Karnataka v období od marca 11 až 17 marca zaznamenali prebytok dažďové zrážky. Dôvod: bez ohľadu na to, ako dobré počasie, park je zafajčený. Frates bol diagnostikovaný s ALS marca 2012 27 rokov. Beverly, Massachusetts, rodák, hral v outfield pre Maroon a zlato od roku 2004 do 07. Kapitán jeho ročníku, on dokončil jeho BC kariéru s 107 štartmi, v priemere 0,228, 88 zobrazenie, 56 RBIs, 11 domov .
18 mesiacov, že to jednoducho brať rovnaký krok ako David Guetta je. Použitie slávnej featurings zasiahnuť. Preto, že to nie je jeho pôvodný zvuk, je to ako používať popovej spevákmi na elektronickej hudby, a to jednoducho necíti to isté. Táto kohorta tvorí kvantitatívne rámec, v ktorom sú vnorené niekoľko, väčšinou kvalitatívne, projekty študujúci preferencie a očakávania pacientov a použiteľnosť smerníc dopredu. Kohorta tiež tvorí základ pre projekt ďalej rozvíjať Nike Run koncept osobné dôstojnosť na konci života. V roku 2008 získala v kariére ocenenie od holandskej organizácie pre vedecký výskum (NWO, Vici systém) pre pohľadu pacienta výskumného programu na konci životnosti starostlivosti: osobnú dôstojnosť, preferencie a účasť..
V tomto sypký hry, môžete ponoriť hlboko do vesmíru, jesť a vyvíja, zber do malej sústa pomôcť vášmu stvorenia väčšie a zložitejšie. S vloženým dizajnom DDA (prispôsobenie Dynamic obtiažnosti), hráči s rôznym stupňom zručností môže intuitívne prispôsobiť svoj zážitok z hry a vychutnať si hru svojím vlastným tempom. Hráči môžu tiež prispôsobiť vzhľad svojich organizmov založených na hranie ...
Ale majte sa na pozore! Niektoré z nich majú legitímne príležitosti, zatiaľ čo iní sa treba vyhnúť. Podvodníci často sa z reklamy sľubujú veľké peniaze za Polo Ralph Lauren Praha prácu doma. Povedala, kam sa pozerať, robiť a čo nerobiť, a ako Nike Free Run veľmi sa dá odôvodnene očakávať, že robiť.
Oni sa vzali 20. Júna 1955, v hoteli The Plaza Hotel v New York Hollister Shop City. Manželstvo bolo údajne zrušené v roku 1958. Záleží tiež na drogy samotnej, samozrejme. Je to už niekoľko rokov, čo som si užíval. Pri spätnom pohľade som mal pekne desivé chvíle a ja som stále ohromený som nikdy nemal predávkovania, autonehodu, alebo horšie.
než si ho kúpim Michael Kors Praha
Odborná Michael Kors Praha aj hlboko zakorenené zapojenie rodiny Horowitz Nike E Shop v City of Hope. Zach Horowitz, dlhoročný vodca skupiny hudobný a zábavný priemysel, je kolega Doug Morris. Zach Horowitz otec, Ben Horowitz, bol predtým výkonný riaditeľ City of Hope; Ben Horowitz manželka, Beverly Horowitz, predtým viedol City of Hope St.
Vstupom na naše stránky, dávate súhlas k praktikám zhromažďovanie a využívanie informácií popísaných v tomto prehlásení o ochrane súkromia, v znení z času na čas u nás. Ak sa rozhodneme zmeniť naše vyhlásenie o ochrane súkromia, budeme zakladať nové vyhlásenie na našich stránkach a zmeňte dátum v hornej časti vyhlásenia. Preto odporúčame vám skontrolovať dátum nášho Vyhlásenie o ochrane súkromia pri každej návšteve tejto stránky akékoľvek aktualizácie alebo zmeny ...
Blogovanie, v jeho raných foriem možno vysledovať späť do roku 1993, kedy bol vynájdený Dr Glen Barry, keď sa postavil svoj prvý politický blog s názvom "Gaia Forest zachovanie Archives". Blogovanie bol potom definovaný ako webového komentárom. Je rozumné očakávať, že bude môcť vyskúšať na dychový nástroj, než si ho kúpim? Kúpil som si "Gill" Drevené sopranino rekordér (barokový prstoklad, samozrejme) z obchodu v Bostone, bez toho, aby pritom, a vrátil sa k záveru, že najnižšia G a B poznámky (Rov.
Prevažujúca vzory vietor, ktorý vanie od pobrežia vplyv na Boston, čím sa minimalizuje vplyv Atlantic Ocean.The najteplejším mesiacom je júl s priemernou teplotou 73,9 Nike Air Force 1 F (23.3 Najchladnejšie mesiac je január s priemerom 29,3 F (1,5 dobu dlhšiu ako 90 F (32 v lete a pod 10 F (12 v zime nie sú nezvyčajné, ale len zriedka rozšírená, s asi 13 dní za rok vidí bývalý extrémne, [69] a najnovšie subzero čítanie vyskytujúce 24. Januára 2011. [70] Extrémami sa pohybovali v rozmedzí 18 až 104 F (28 40 zaznamenaný 9.
Je to pocit, ako scéna z sci-fi filmu. Ale dni po operácii môžete mať späť do normálneho života. O dva mesiace neskôr, Jolie prešiel Rekonštrukcia prsníka chirurgia a dostali implantáty .. To je spôsob myslenia o praktických lekárov. Denníky stojí trochu viac, a môže byť vyššia, než by chceli pre svojich pacientov. V Európe, odporúčajú to, čo je pre vás najlepšie, a denníky sú najlepšie, najbezpečnejšie a najjednoduchšie.
Zlé správy, keď som sa prebudil. Requiem, moje šteňa nedávno odišiel Spot syn, zomrel, keď sme boli preč. Priateľ mal kŕmiť domáce zvieratá, ale možno, šteňa nemohol dostať miesto, zatiaľ čo oni boli kŕmiť. Môžete tiež pridať ťažké zariadenia, ako sú vodné nákladné vozidlá Polo Ralph Lauren a kompaktory. Tiež zvážte organizovanie výmeny susedstve oblečenie, ak chcete, aby sa zabránilo webe úplne. Každý, kto má aspoň niekoľko starých elektronických zariadení v okolí domu.