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The '''curtal sonnet''' is a form invented by [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]], and used in three of his poems. | |||
It is an eleven-line (or, more accurately, ten-and-a-half-line) [[sonnet]], but rather than the first eleven lines of a standard sonnet it consists of precisely ¾ of the structure of a [[Petrarchan sonnet]] shrunk proportionally. The [[octave (poetry)|octave]] of a sonnet becomes a [[sestet]] and the sestet a [[quatrain]] plus an additional "tail piece." That is, the first eight lines of a sonnet are translated into the first six lines of a curtal sonnet and the last six lines of a sonnet are translated into the last four and a half lines of a curtal sonnet. Hopkins describes the last line as half a line, though in fact it can be shorter than half of one of Hopkins's standard [[sprung rhythm]] lines. In the preface to his ''Poems'' (1876-89), Hopkins describes the relationship between the Petrarchan and curtal sonnets mathematically; if the Petrarchan sonnet can be described by the equation 8+6=14 then, he says, the curtal sonnet would be: | |||
:<math>{12\over2}+{9\over2}={21\over2}=10{1\over2}</math>.<ref>Hopkins, Gerard Manley. ''The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins,'' 4th edition. Ed. W.H. Gardner and N.H. Mackenzie. Oxford UP, 1967.</ref> | |||
Hopkins's only examples of the form are "[[Pied Beauty]]," "Peace," and "Ash Boughs." "Pied Beauty" is as follows, showing the proportional relation to the Petrarchan sonnet (not included in the original: the only indication of the form is in the preface). Accents indicate stressed syllables: | |||
{| | |||
| | |||
:Glory be to God for dappled things— | |||
::For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow; | |||
:::For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim; | |||
:Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches' wings; | |||
::Landscape plotted and pieced—fold, fallow, and plough; | |||
:::And áll trádes, their gear and tackle and trim. | |||
| | |||
<math>{12\over2}=6</math> | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
:All things counter, original, spare, strange; | |||
::Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?) | |||
:::With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim; | |||
:He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change: | |||
:::::::Praise him. | |||
| | |||
<math>{9\over2}=4{1\over2}</math> | |||
|} | |||
Hopkins's account of the form comes from the preface to his ''Poems'' (1876-89). [[Literary criticism|Critics]] are generally in agreement that the curtal sonnet does not so much constitute a new form as an interpretation of sonnet form as Hopkins believed it to be; as Elisabeth Schneider argues, the curtal sonnet reveals Hopkins's intense interest in the mathematical proportions of all sonnets.<ref>Elisabeth W. Schneider, "The Wreck of the Deutschland: A New Reading," ''PMLA,'' Vol. 81, No. 1. (Mar., 1966), pp. 110-122.</ref> For an in-depth treatment of all three poems, see Lois Pitchford.<ref>Pitchford, "The Curtal Sonnets of Gerard Manley Hopkins." ''Modern Language Notes,'' Vol. 67, No. 3. (Mar., 1952), pp. 165-169.</ref> The form has been used occasionally since, but primarily as a novelty, in contrast to Hopkins's quite serious use. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Caudate sonnet]] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Sonnet studies]] | |||
[[ja:ソネット#カータル・ソネット]] | |||
Revision as of 06:43, 19 January 2014
The curtal sonnet is a form invented by Gerard Manley Hopkins, and used in three of his poems.
It is an eleven-line (or, more accurately, ten-and-a-half-line) sonnet, but rather than the first eleven lines of a standard sonnet it consists of precisely ¾ of the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet shrunk proportionally. The octave of a sonnet becomes a sestet and the sestet a quatrain plus an additional "tail piece." That is, the first eight lines of a sonnet are translated into the first six lines of a curtal sonnet and the last six lines of a sonnet are translated into the last four and a half lines of a curtal sonnet. Hopkins describes the last line as half a line, though in fact it can be shorter than half of one of Hopkins's standard sprung rhythm lines. In the preface to his Poems (1876-89), Hopkins describes the relationship between the Petrarchan and curtal sonnets mathematically; if the Petrarchan sonnet can be described by the equation 8+6=14 then, he says, the curtal sonnet would be:
- .[1]
Hopkins's only examples of the form are "Pied Beauty," "Peace," and "Ash Boughs." "Pied Beauty" is as follows, showing the proportional relation to the Petrarchan sonnet (not included in the original: the only indication of the form is in the preface). Accents indicate stressed syllables:
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|
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Hopkins's account of the form comes from the preface to his Poems (1876-89). Critics are generally in agreement that the curtal sonnet does not so much constitute a new form as an interpretation of sonnet form as Hopkins believed it to be; as Elisabeth Schneider argues, the curtal sonnet reveals Hopkins's intense interest in the mathematical proportions of all sonnets.[2] For an in-depth treatment of all three poems, see Lois Pitchford.[3] The form has been used occasionally since, but primarily as a novelty, in contrast to Hopkins's quite serious use.
See also
References
- ↑ Hopkins, Gerard Manley. The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins, 4th edition. Ed. W.H. Gardner and N.H. Mackenzie. Oxford UP, 1967.
- ↑ Elisabeth W. Schneider, "The Wreck of the Deutschland: A New Reading," PMLA, Vol. 81, No. 1. (Mar., 1966), pp. 110-122.
- ↑ Pitchford, "The Curtal Sonnets of Gerard Manley Hopkins." Modern Language Notes, Vol. 67, No. 3. (Mar., 1952), pp. 165-169.