Σ-finite measure: Difference between revisions
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In the mathematical field of [[differential geometry]], the '''Kulkarni–Nomizu product''' (named for Ravindra Shripad [[Kulkarni]] and [[Katsumi Nomizu]]) is defined for two (0,2)-tensors and gives as a result a (0,4)-tensor. | |||
If ''h'' and ''k'' are symmetric (0,2)-tensors, then the product is defined via: | |||
:<math>(h {~\wedge\!\!\!\!\!\!\bigcirc~} k)(X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4) := h(X_1,X_3)k(X_2,X_4) + h(X_2,X_4)k(X_1,X_3) - h(X_1,X_4)k(X_2,X_3) - h(X_2,X_3)k(X_1,X_4) </math> | |||
where the ''X''<sub>''j''</sub> are tangent vectors. | |||
Note that <math>h {~\wedge\!\!\!\!\!\!\bigcirc~} k = k {~\wedge\!\!\!\!\!\!\bigcirc~} h</math>. The Kulkarni–Nomizu product is a special case of the product in the graded algebra | |||
:<math>\bigoplus_{p=1}^n S^2(\Omega^p M),</math> | |||
where, on simple elements, | |||
:<math>(\alpha\cdot\beta) {~\wedge\!\!\!\!\!\!\bigcirc~} (\gamma\cdot\delta) = (\alpha\wedge\gamma)\cdot(\beta\wedge\delta)</math> | |||
(the dot denotes the symmetric product). | |||
The Kulkarni–Nomizu product of a pair of symmetric tensors has the algebraic symmetries of the [[Riemann tensor]]. It is thus commonly used to express the contribution that the [[Ricci curvature]] (or rather, the [[Schouten tensor]]) and the [[Weyl tensor]] each makes to the [[curvature of Riemannian manifolds|curvature]] of a [[Riemannian manifold]]. This so-called [[Ricci decomposition]] is useful in [[differential geometry]]. | |||
When there is a [[metric tensor]] ''g'', the Kulkarni–Nomizu product of ''g'' with itself is the identity endomorphism of the space of 2-forms, Ω<sup>''2''</sup>(''M''), under the identification (using the metric) of the endomorphism ring End(Ω<sup>''2''</sup>(''M'')) with the tensor product Ω<sup>''2''</sup>(''M'') ⊗ Ω<sup>''2''</sup>(''M''). | |||
A Riemannian manifold has constant [[sectional curvature]] ''k'' if and only if the Riemann tensor has the form | |||
:<math>R = \frac{k}{2}g {~\wedge\!\!\!\!\!\!\bigcirc~} g</math> | |||
where ''g'' is the [[metric tensor]]. | |||
==References== | |||
*{{Citation | last1=Besse | first1=Arthur L. | title=Einstein manifolds | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | location=Berlin, New York | series=Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3) [Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3)], vol. 10 | isbn=978-3-540-15279-8 | year=1987 | pages=xii+510}}. | |||
* {{cite book|author=Gallot, S., Hullin, D., and Lafontaine, J.|title=Riemannian Geometry|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=1990}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulkarni-Nomizu product}} | |||
[[Category:Differential geometry]] | |||
[[Category:Tensors]] | |||
{{differential-geometry-stub}} |
Revision as of 00:27, 19 January 2014
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Kulkarni–Nomizu product (named for Ravindra Shripad Kulkarni and Katsumi Nomizu) is defined for two (0,2)-tensors and gives as a result a (0,4)-tensor.
If h and k are symmetric (0,2)-tensors, then the product is defined via:
where the Xj are tangent vectors.
Note that . The Kulkarni–Nomizu product is a special case of the product in the graded algebra
where, on simple elements,
(the dot denotes the symmetric product).
The Kulkarni–Nomizu product of a pair of symmetric tensors has the algebraic symmetries of the Riemann tensor. It is thus commonly used to express the contribution that the Ricci curvature (or rather, the Schouten tensor) and the Weyl tensor each makes to the curvature of a Riemannian manifold. This so-called Ricci decomposition is useful in differential geometry.
When there is a metric tensor g, the Kulkarni–Nomizu product of g with itself is the identity endomorphism of the space of 2-forms, Ω2(M), under the identification (using the metric) of the endomorphism ring End(Ω2(M)) with the tensor product Ω2(M) ⊗ Ω2(M).
A Riemannian manifold has constant sectional curvature k if and only if the Riemann tensor has the form
where g is the metric tensor.
References
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