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The '''Wiener–Ikehara theorem''' can be used to prove the [[prime number theorem]] (PNT) (Chandrasekharan, 1969).  It was proved by [[Norbert Wiener]] and his student [[Shikao Ikehara]] in 1932. It is an example of a [[Tauberian theorem]].
 
== Statement  ==
Let ''A''(''x'') be a non-negative, [[monotonic function|monotonic]] nondecreasing function of ''x'', defined for 0&nbsp;≤&nbsp;''x''&nbsp;<&nbsp;∞. Suppose that
 
:<math>\int_0^\infty A(x) e^{-xs}\,dx</math>
 
converges for ℜ(''s'')&nbsp;>&nbsp;1 to the function ''&fnof;''(''s'') and that ''&fnof;''(''s'') is [[analytic function|analytic]] for ℜ(''s'')&nbsp;≥&nbsp;1, except for a simple [[Pole (complex analysis)|pole]] at ''s''&nbsp;=&nbsp;1 with [[Residue (complex analysis)|residue]]&nbsp;1: that is,
 
:<math>f(s) - \frac{1}{s-1}</math>
 
is analytic in ℜ(''s'')&nbsp;≥&nbsp;1. Then the [[Limit of a function|limit]] as ''x'' goes to infinity of ''e''<sup>&minus;''x''</sup>&thinsp;''A''(''x'') is equal to&nbsp;1.
 
== Application ==
 
An important number-theoretic application of the theorem is to [[Dirichlet series]] of the form
 
:<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty a(n) n^{-s}</math>
 
where ''a''(''n'') is non-negative. If the series converges to an analytic function in
 
:<math>\Re(s) \ge b\,</math>
 
with a simple pole of residue ''c'' at ''s''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''b'', then
 
:<math>\sum_{n\le X}a(n) \sim \frac{c}{b} X^b.</math>
 
Applying this to the logarithmic derivative of the [[Riemann zeta function]], where the coefficients in the Dirichlet series are values of the [[von Mangoldt function]], it is possible to deduce the [[Prime number theorem|PNT]] from the fact that the zeta function has no zeroes on the line
 
:<math>\Re(s)=1. \, </math>
 
==References==
*{{citation| author=S. Ikehara | authorlink=Shikao Ikehara | title=An extension of Landau's theorem in the analytic theory of numbers | journal=Journal of  Mathematics and Physics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology | year=1931 | volume=10 | pages=1–12 |zbl=0001.12902}}
*{{Citation | last1=Wiener | first1=Norbert | title=Tauberian Theorems | jstor=1968102 | series=Second Series | doi=10.2307/1968102 | jfm=
58.0226.02 | year=1932 | journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] | issn=0003-486X | volume=33 | issue=1 | pages=1–100}}
*{{cite book | author=K. Chandrasekharan | title=Introduction to Analytic Number Theory | series=Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften | publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] | year=1969 | isbn=3-540-04141-9 }}
* {{cite book | author=Hugh L. Montgomery | authorlink=Hugh Montgomery (mathematician) | coauthors=[[Robert Charles Vaughan (mathematician)|Robert C. Vaughan]] | title=Multiplicative number theory I. Classical theory | series=Cambridge tracts in advanced mathematics | volume=97 | year=2007 | isbn=0-521-84903-9 | pages=259–266 | publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press | location=Cambridge }}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wiener-Ikehara theorem}}
[[Category:Number theory]]
[[Category:Tauberian theorems]]
[[Category:Theorems in analysis]]

Revision as of 01:43, 15 November 2013

The Wiener–Ikehara theorem can be used to prove the prime number theorem (PNT) (Chandrasekharan, 1969). It was proved by Norbert Wiener and his student Shikao Ikehara in 1932. It is an example of a Tauberian theorem.

Statement

Let A(x) be a non-negative, monotonic nondecreasing function of x, defined for 0 ≤ x < ∞. Suppose that

0A(x)exsdx

converges for ℜ(s) > 1 to the function ƒ(s) and that ƒ(s) is analytic for ℜ(s) ≥ 1, except for a simple pole at s = 1 with residue 1: that is,

f(s)1s1

is analytic in ℜ(s) ≥ 1. Then the limit as x goes to infinity of exA(x) is equal to 1.

Application

An important number-theoretic application of the theorem is to Dirichlet series of the form

n=1a(n)ns

where a(n) is non-negative. If the series converges to an analytic function in

(s)b

with a simple pole of residue c at s = b, then

nXa(n)cbXb.

Applying this to the logarithmic derivative of the Riemann zeta function, where the coefficients in the Dirichlet series are values of the von Mangoldt function, it is possible to deduce the PNT from the fact that the zeta function has no zeroes on the line

(s)=1.

References

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