Eta meson: Difference between revisions
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{{Expert-subject|Statistics|date=February 2009}} | |||
In [[statistics]], a '''varimax rotation''' is a [[change of coordinates]] used in [[principal component analysis]] and [[factor analysis]] that maximizes the sum of the [[variance]]s of the squared loadings (squared correlations between variables and factors). Intuitively, this is achieved if, (a) any given variable has a high loading on a single factor but near-zero loadings on the remaining factors and if (b) any given factor is constituted by only a few variables with very high loadings on this factor while the remaining variables have near-zero loadings on this factor. If these conditions hold, the factor loading matrix is said to have "simple structure," and varimax rotation brings the loading matrix closer to such simple structure (as much as the data allow). From the perspective of individuals measured on the variables, varimax seeks a basis that most economically represents each individual—that is, each individual can be well described by a [[linear combination]] of only a few basis functions.. | |||
One way of expressing the varimax criterion formally is this: | |||
:<math> R_\mathrm{VARIMAX} = \operatorname{arg}\max_R \left(\sum_{j=1}^k \sum_{i=1}^p (\Lambda R)^4_{ij} - \frac{\gamma}{p} \sum_{j=1}^k \left(\sum_{i=1}^p (\Lambda R)^2_{ij}\right)^2\right).</math> | |||
where γ = 1 for VARIMAX. | |||
Suggested by [[Henry Felix Kaiser]] in 1958,<ref>{{Cite journal | |||
| author = Henry F. Kaiser | |||
| title = The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis | |||
| journal = [[Psychometrika]] | |||
| volume = 23 | |||
| issue = 3 | |||
|date=September 1958 | |||
| doi = 10.1007/BF02289233 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
it is a popular scheme for orthogonal rotation (where all factors remain uncorrelated with one another). | |||
A technical discussion of advantages and disadvantages of various rotation approaches are discussed at the website of [[Columbia University]].<ref name=svd>{{cite web | |||
| last = | |||
| first = | |||
| authorlink = | |||
| coauthors = | |||
| title = Singular Value Decomposition | |||
| work = | |||
| publisher = | |||
| date = | |||
| url = http://ingrid.ldeo.columbia.edu/dochelp/StatTutorial/SVD/ | |||
| format = | |||
| doi = | |||
| accessdate = 20 September 2008 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
==Rotation in factor analysis== | |||
A summary of the use of varimax rotation and of other types of factor rotation is presented in [[Factor analysis|this article on factor analysis]]. | |||
== Implementations == | |||
In the ''[[R (programming language)|R]]'' programming language the varimax method is implemented in several packages including ''stats'' (function ''varimax( )''), or in contributed packages including ''GPArotation'' or ''psych''. | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Factor analysis]] | |||
* [[Empirical orthogonal functions]] | |||
* [[Q methodology]] | |||
* [[Rotation matrix]] | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External links == | |||
* [http://www.utd.edu/~herve/Abdi-rotations-pretty.pdf Factor rotations in Factor Analyses by Herve Abdi] | |||
* [http://www.stat.ufl.edu/~tpark/Research/about_varimax.html About Varimax] | |||
* [http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmc/section5/pmc551.htm#measure Properties of Principal Components] | |||
* http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/4041/pdf/imm4041.pdf | |||
{{NIST-PD}} | |||
[[Category:Multivariate statistics]] | |||
[[Category:Factor analysis]] | |||
{{statistics-stub}} |
Revision as of 18:14, 26 July 2013
In statistics, a varimax rotation is a change of coordinates used in principal component analysis and factor analysis that maximizes the sum of the variances of the squared loadings (squared correlations between variables and factors). Intuitively, this is achieved if, (a) any given variable has a high loading on a single factor but near-zero loadings on the remaining factors and if (b) any given factor is constituted by only a few variables with very high loadings on this factor while the remaining variables have near-zero loadings on this factor. If these conditions hold, the factor loading matrix is said to have "simple structure," and varimax rotation brings the loading matrix closer to such simple structure (as much as the data allow). From the perspective of individuals measured on the variables, varimax seeks a basis that most economically represents each individual—that is, each individual can be well described by a linear combination of only a few basis functions..
One way of expressing the varimax criterion formally is this:
where γ = 1 for VARIMAX.
Suggested by Henry Felix Kaiser in 1958,[1] it is a popular scheme for orthogonal rotation (where all factors remain uncorrelated with one another).
A technical discussion of advantages and disadvantages of various rotation approaches are discussed at the website of Columbia University.[2]
Rotation in factor analysis
A summary of the use of varimax rotation and of other types of factor rotation is presented in this article on factor analysis.
Implementations
In the R programming language the varimax method is implemented in several packages including stats (function varimax( )), or in contributed packages including GPArotation or psych.
See also
Notes
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External links
- Factor rotations in Factor Analyses by Herve Abdi
- About Varimax
- Properties of Principal Components
- http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/4041/pdf/imm4041.pdf
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