Closed-loop transfer function: Difference between revisions

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{{merge|coherence length|target=Coherence length and time|date=July 2013}}
For an [[electromagnetic wave]], the '''coherence time''' is the [[time]] over which a propagating wave (especially a [[laser]] or [[maser]] beam) may be considered [[coherence (physics)|coherent]]. In other words, it is the time interval within which its [[Phase (waves)|phase]] is, on average, predictable.


In long-distance [[telecommunication|transmission systems]], the coherence time may be reduced by [[wave propagation|propagation]] factors such as [[dispersion (optics)|dispersion]], [[scattering]], and [[diffraction]].


Coherence time, ''τ'', is calculated by dividing the [[coherence length]] by the [[phase velocity]] of [[light]] in a medium; approximately given by
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:<math>\tau = \frac{1}{\Delta \nu} \approx \frac{\lambda^2}{c\, \Delta \lambda}</math>
where ''λ'' is the central [[wavelength]] of the source, ''Δν'' and ''Δλ'' is the [[spectral width]] of the source in units of frequency and wavelength respectively, and ''c'' is the [[speed of light]] in vacuum.
 
A single mode [[fiber laser]] has a linewidth of a few kHz. The Schawlow-Townes limit for some cw lasers can be below 1&nbsp;Hz. Hydrogen masers have linewidth around 1&nbsp;Hz;<ref>http://www.physics.harvard.edu/Thesespdfs/humphrey.pdf - Precision measurements with atomic hydrogen masers</ref> their [[coherence length]] approximately corresponds to the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
 
{{As of|2009}}, single electron spins show the longest room-temperature spin dephasing times ever observed in solid-state systems (1.8&nbsp;ms).<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Balasubramanian
|last2=et al.
|year=2009
|title=Direct Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond
|journal=[[Nature Materials]]
|volume=8 |pages=383
|bibcode= 2009NatMa...8..383B
|pmid=
|doi = 10.1038/nmat2420 }}</ref>
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Physics}}
* [[Atomic coherence]]
* [[Coherence time (communications systems)]]
* [[Temporal coherence]]
 
==References==
<references/>
*{{FS1037C MS188}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Coherence Time}}
[[Category:Electromagnetic radiation]]
[[Category:Optics]]
[[Category:Radio frequency propagation]]

Latest revision as of 23:27, 11 July 2014


Season 1: Mid January-Mid March - Season 2: Mid April-Mid June - Season 3: Mid July-Mid October - Blizzcon Grand Finals: November - Each Season runs approximately 8 weeks with roughly four weeks between your seasons as well as 2-3 weeks between the end of Season 3 and also the Blizzcon Grand finals. Nothing beats the PC in terms of cooperative online gaming due towards the sheer accessibility from the PC as a gaming platform. It is great to own some build orders to acquire you started but in a real game anything goes, and also you must know your race enough to switch your idea at any moment. Conversely, conventional furnishings fully trust ornate, elaborately framed artwork. In Star - Craft I, 1v1 was one of the least popular portions from the game, instead the arcade system was where most casual fans played and hung out.

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