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| [[File:Logarithmic scale.png|thumb|upright=1.3|right|The [[logarithmic scale]] can compactly represent the relationship among variously sized numbers.]]
| | Have we ever heard that someone said "My computer is getting slower, Help me?" Are we looking methods on how do I accelerate my computer? Are we tired of spending too much time considering the loading task is certainly slow? If you desire to recognize how to boost plus speed up computer performance, then this particular article will help show we several concepts plus tricks "What is the cause?" plus How to prevent the computer getting slower?<br><br>Windows Defender - this does come standard with various Windows OS Machines, but otherwise will be download from Microsoft for free. It will enable safeguard against spyware.<br><br>The error is basically a outcome of issue with Windows Installer package. The Windows Installer is a tool chosen to install, uninstall and repair the most programs on your computer. Let you discuss a limited elements which helped a great deal of people whom facing the similar issue.<br><br>Check a Windows taskbar, that is on the lower proper hand corner of your computer screen. This taskbar comprise of programs we have running in the background. If you have too various of them, they will take the computer's resources.<br><br>Many [http://bestregistrycleanerfix.com/tune-up-utilities tuneup utilities 2014] s let we to download their product for free, to scan the computer yourself. That way we can see how several errors it finds, where it finds them, and how it can fix them. A remarkable registry cleaner will remove the registry problems, plus optimize and accelerate your PC, with small effort on the piece.<br><br>Reinstall Windows 7 - If nothing appears to work, reinstall Windows 7 with all the installation disc that came with all the pack. Kindly backup or restore all your data to a flash drive or another hard drive/CD etc. before performing the reinstallation.<br><br>Your registry is the area all your important configurations for hardware, software and user profile configurations plus preferences are stored. Every time 1 of these things is changed, the database then begins to expand. Over time, the registry could become bloated with unwanted files. This causes a general slow down however inside extreme situations can cause significant tasks plus programs to stop functioning all together.<br><br>If you need to have a computer with quick running speed, you'd better install a advantageous registry cleaner to clean the useless files for you. As long as you take care of your computer, it usually keep in wise condition. |
| This list contains selected positive [[number]]s in increasing order, including counts of things, [[dimensionless quantity]] and [[probability|probabilities]]. Each number is given a name in the [[Long and short scales|short scale]], which is used in English speaking countries, as well as a name in the [[long and short scales|long scale]], which is used in some of the countries that do not have English as their national language.
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| <div class="nonumtoc"> | |
| __TOC__
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| </div> | |
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| ==Smaller than 10<sup>−100</sup> (one googolth)==
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Writing:'' Approximately 10<sup>−183,800</sup> is a rough first estimate of the probability that a [[monkey]], [[Infinite monkey theorem|placed in front of a typewriter]] and given adequate food, breaks, and sleep while doing so, will type all the letters of ''[[Hamlet]]'' on the first try.<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Charles Kittel|Kittel, Charles]] and [[Herbert Kroemer]] | title=Thermal Physics (2nd ed.) | publisher=W. H. Freeman Company | year=1980 | isbn=0-7167-1088-9 |pages=53}}</ref> This is the same as the average number of letters needed to be typed for ''Hamlet'' to be produced. However, taking [[punctuation]], [[capitalization]], and spacing into account, the actual probability is far less: around 10<sup>−360,783</sup>.<ref>There are around 130,000 letters and 199,749 total characters in [[Hamlet]]; 26 letters ×2 for capitalization, 12 for punctuation characters = 64, 64<sup>199749</sup> ≈ 10<sup>360,783</sup>.</ref>
| |
| * ''Computing:'' The number 1{{e|−6176}} is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Decimal128 floating-point format|quadruple-precision IEEE decimal]] floating-point value.
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| * ''Computing:'' The number 6.5{{e|−4966}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Quadruple precision floating-point format|quadruple-precision]] IEEE floating-point value.
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| * ''Computing:'' The number 3.6{{e|−4951}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Extended precision|80-bit x86 double-extended]] IEEE floating-point value.
| |
| * ''Computing:'' The number 1{{e|−398}} is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Decimal64 floating-point format|double-precision IEEE decimal]] floating-point value.
| |
| * ''Computing:'' The number 4.9{{e|−324}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Double precision floating-point format|double-precision]] [[IEEE floating-point]] value.
| |
| * ''Computing:'' The number 1{{e|−101}} is equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Decimal32 floating-point format|single-precision IEEE decimal]] floating-point value.
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−100</sup> to 10<sup>−30</sup>==
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| * ''Computing:'' The number 1.4{{e|−45}} is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a [[Single precision floating-point format|single-precision]] IEEE floating-point value.
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| ==10<sup>−30</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−10</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one nonillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one quintillionth)
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of [[Contract bridge|bridge]] of all four players getting a complete [[Suit (cards)|suit]] is approximately {{val|4.47|e=-28}}.<ref>[http://www.bridgehands.com/P/Probabilities_Miscellaneous.htm Bridge hands]</ref>
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| ==10<sup>−27</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−9</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one octillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one quadrilliardth)
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−24</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−8</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one septillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one quadrillionth)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[yocto-]] (y)
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−21</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−7</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one sextillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one trilliardth)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[zepto-]] (z)
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of matching 20 numbers for 20 in a game of [[Keno]] is approximately 2.83 × 10<sup>−19</sup>.
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−18</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−6</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one quintillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one trillionth)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[atto-]] (a)
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The probability of rolling [[snake eyes]] 10 times in a row on a pair of fair dice is about {{val|2.74|e=-16}}
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| ==10<sup>−15</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−5</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one quadrillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one billiardth)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[femto-]] (f)
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−12</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−4</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one trillionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one billionth)
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| | |
| ISO: [[pico-]] (p)
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The probability in a game of [[Contract bridge|bridge]] of one player getting a complete suit is approximately {{val|2.52|e=-11}} ({{gaps|0.000|000|002|52%}})
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| * ''BioMed:'' Human [[Luminosity function|visual sensitivity]] to [[infrared|1000 nm]] light is approximately {{val|1.0|e=-10}} of its [[Spectral sensitivity|peak sensitivity]] at [[green|555 nm]].<ref>P. L. Walraven and H. J. Lebeek. "[http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josa-53-6-765 Foveal Sensitivity of the Human Eye in the Near Infrared]". J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 765–766 (1963).</ref>
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| ==10<sup>−9</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|000|001}}; 1000<sup>−3</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one billionth; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one milliardth)
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| | |
| ISO: [[nano-]] (n)
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| * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US [[Powerball]] lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules {{As of|2009|08|lc=on}}, are 195,249,053 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|5.12|e=-9}} ({{gaps|0.000|000|512%}}).
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]], with a single ticket, under the rules {{As of|2009|08|lc=on}}, are 13,983,815 to 1 against, for a probability of {{val|7.15|e=-8}} ({{gaps|0.000|007|15%}}).
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>−6</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|0.000|001}}; 1000<sup>−2</sup>; [[long and short scales]]: one [[millionth]])
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| | |
| ISO: [[micro-]] (μ)
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| * ''Mathematics – [[Poker]]:'' The odds of being dealt a [[Hand rankings#Straight flush|royal flush]] in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 × 10<sup>−6</sup> ({{gaps|0.000|15%}}).
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[straight flush]] (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> (0.0014%).
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[List of poker hands#Four of a kind|four of a kind]] in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4 × 10<sup>−4</sup> (0.024%).
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−3</sup>==
| |
| (0.001; 1000<sup>−1</sup>; one [[thousandth]])
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[milli-]] (m)
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[full house (poker)|full house]] in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> (0.14%).
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[flush (poker)|flush]] in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10<sup>−3</sup> (0.19%).
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[straight (poker)|straight]] in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> (0.39%).
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| * ''Physics:'' ''α'' = {{val|0.007297352570|(5)}}, the [[fine-structure constant]].
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| | |
| ==10<sup>−2</sup>==
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| (0.01; one [[hundredth]])
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| | |
| ISO: [[centi-]] (c)
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| * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the UK [[National Lottery (United Kingdom)|National Lottery]], with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%)
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt a [[List of poker hands#Three of a kind|three of a kind]] in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%)
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| * ''Mathematics – Lottery:'' The odds of winning any prize in the US [[Powerball]] Multistate Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2006, are 36.61 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.027 (2.7%)
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt [[two pair]] in poker are 20 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).
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| ==10<sup>−1</sup>==
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| (0.1; one tenth)
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| ISO: [[deci-]] (d)
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt only [[one pair (poker)|one pair]] in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%).
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| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' The odds of being dealt [[no pair]] in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%)
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| * ''Legal history'': 10% was widespread as the [[tax]] raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period, see [[tithe]].
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| ==10<sup>0</sup>==
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| (1; [[1 (number)|one]])
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Monowi, Nebraska|Monowi]], an incorporated village in [[Nebraska]], [[United States]] was one in 2010.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[Square root of 2|{{Radic|2}}]] ≈ {{gaps|1.414|213|562|373|095|489}}, the ratio of the [[diagonal]] of a [[square (geometry)|square]] to its side length.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' φ ≈ {{gaps|1.618|033|988|749|895|848}}, the [[golden ratio]]
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| * ''Mathematics:'' the number system understood by most computers, the [[binary numeral system|binary]] system, uses 2 digits: 0 and 1.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[e (mathematical constant)|e]] ≈ {{gaps|2.718|281|828|459|045|087}}, the base of the [[natural logarithm]]
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[pi|π]] ≈ {{gaps|3.141|592|653|589|793|238}}, the ratio of a [[circle]]'s circumference to its diameter
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| * ''BioMed:'' [[The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two|7 ± 2]], in [[cognitive science]], [[George Armitage Miller|George A. Miller]]'s estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in human [[working memory]]
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| * ''Astronomy:'' [[8 (number)|8]] planets in the [[Solar System]]
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| ==10<sup>1</sup>==
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| (10; [[10 (number)|ten]])
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| ISO: [[deca-]] (da)
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Pesnopoy]], a village in [[Bulgaria]], was 10 in 2007.
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| * ''Human scale:'' There are 10 [[finger]]s on a pair of human [[hand]]s, and 10 [[toe]]s on a pair of human [[foot|feet]].
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The number system used in everyday life, the [[decimal]] system, has 10 digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' The [[hexadecimal]] system, a common number system used in computer programming, uses 16 digits where the last 6 are usually represented by letters: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
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| * ''Science Fiction:'' The [[23 enigma]] plays a prominent role in the plot of ''[[The Illuminatus! Trilogy]]'' by [[Robert Shea]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]].
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| * ''Alphabetic writing:'' There are 26 letters in the Latin-derived [[English alphabet]]
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| * ''Science Fiction:'' The number 42, in {{H2G2|book|1|link=yes}} by [[Douglas Adams]], is the [[Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything]] which is calculated by [[Deep Thought (The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy)|an enormous supercomputer]] over a period of 7.5 million years.
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| * ''Phonology:'' 47 phonemes in [[English phonology]] in [[Received Pronunciation]]
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| ==10<sup>2</sup>==
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| (100; [[100 (number)|hundred]])
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| ISO: [[hecto-]] (h)
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Nassau (Cook Islands)|Nassau Island]], part of the [[Cook Islands]], is around 100.
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| * ''European history:'' Groupings of 100 homesteads was a common administrative unit in Northern Europe and Great Britain (see [[Hundred (county subdivision)]]).
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| * ''Computing:'' There are 128 characters in the [[ASCII]] character set.
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| * ''Phonology:'' The [[Taa language]] is estimated to have between 130 and 164 distinct phonemes.
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| * ''Political Science:'' There were 193 member states of the [[United Nations]] as of 2011.
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| ==10<sup>3</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|1|000}}; [[1000 (number)|thousand]])
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| ISO: [[kilo-]] (k)
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Ascension Island]] is 1,122.
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| * ''Typesetting:'' 2,000–3,000 [[Letter (alphabet)|letters]] on a typical typed [[Page (paper)|page]] of text.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 2520 is the [[least common multiple]] of every integer under 10.
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| * ''Military history'': 4,200 (Republic) or 5,200 (Empire) was the standard size of a [[Roman legion]]
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| * ''BioMed:'' the [[DNA]] of the simplest [[virus]]es has some 5,000 [[base pair]]s.
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| * ''Linguistics:'' Estimates for the [[linguistic diversity]] of living human languages or dialects range between 5,000 and 10,000 ([[SIL Ethnologue]] in 2009 listed 6,909 known living languages).
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| * ''Lexicography:'' 8,674 unique words in the [[Hebrew Bible]]
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| ==10<sup>4</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|10|000}}; [[10000 (number)|ten thousand]] or a [[myriad]])
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| * ''BioMed:'' Each [[neuron]] in the [[human brain]] is estimated to connect to 10,000 others
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Tuvalu]] was 10,544 in 2007.
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| * ''Lexicography:'' 14,500 unique English words occur in the [[King James Version]] of the Bible
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| * ''Language:'' There are 20,000–40,000 distinct [[Chinese character]]s.
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| * ''BioMed:'' Each human being is estimated to have 30,000 to 40,000 [[gene]]s
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[65537 (number)|65,537]] is the largest known [[Fermat prime]]
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| * ''Memory:'' {{As of|2006}}, the largest number of decimal places of [[Pi|π]] that have been recited from [[memory]] is 67,890
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| ==10<sup>5</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|100|000}}; [[100000|one hundred thousand]] or a [[lakh]])
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] was 100,982 in 2009.
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| * ''BioMed – Strands of hair on a head:'' The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of [[hair]]
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| * ''Literature:'' approximately 100,000 verses ([[shloka]]s) in the ''[[Mahabharata]]''
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 225,000 – The approximate number of entries in The [[On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]] {{as of|2013|July|lc=on}}<ref>[http://oeis.org/ The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]</ref>
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| * ''Language:'' 267,000 words in [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]''
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| * ''Language – English words:'' The [[New Oxford Dictionary of English]] contains about 360,000 definitions for [[English language|English]] [[word]]s
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| * ''Genocide:'' 300,000 people killed in the [[Rape of Nanking]]
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| * ''Literature:'' 564,000 words in ''[[War and Peace]]'' by [[Leo Tolstoy]]
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| * ''Literature:'' 930,000 words in the [[King James Version]] of the Bible
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| ==10<sup>6</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|1|000|000}}; 1000<sup>2</sup>; [[long and short scales]]: one [[million]])
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| | |
| ISO: [[mega-]] (M)
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Riga]], [[Latvia]] was 1,003,949 in 2004, according to [[Eurostat]].
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| * ''BioMed – Species:'' The [[World Resources Institute]] claims that approximately 1.4 million [[species]] have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species) Some scientists give 8.8 million species as an exact figure.
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| * ''Genocide:'' Approximately 800,000–1,500,000 (1.5 Million) [[Armenians]] were killed in the [[Armenian Genocide]].
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| * ''Info:'' The [[freedb]] database of [[Compact Disc|CD]] track listings has around 1,750,000 entries {{As of|2005|6|lc=on}}
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| * ''Mathematics – Playing cards:'' There are 2,598,960 different 5-card [[poker hand]]s that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck.
| |
| * ''Info – Web sites:'' As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}, [[Wikipedia]] contains approximately {{Rounddown|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES:R}}|-3}} articles in the [[English language]]
| |
| * ''Geography/Computing – Geographic places:'' The NIMA [[GEOnet Names Server]] contains approximately 3.88 million named [[geographic feature]]s outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS [[Geographic Names Information System]] claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States.
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| * ''Genocide:'' Approximately 5,100,000–6,200,000 [[Jews]] were killed in [[the Holocaust]].
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| ==10<sup>7</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|10|000|000}}; a [[crore]]; [[long and short scales]]: ten [[million]])
| |
| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Haiti]] was 10,085,214 in 2010.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 12,988,816 is the number of [[domino tiling]]s of an 8×8 [[checkerboard]].
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 16,777,216 different [[color]]s can be generated using the [[hex code]] system in [[HTML]] (It has been estimated that the [[trichromacy|trichromatic]] [[color vision]] of the [[human eye]] can only distinguish about 1,000,000 different colors.).
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| * ''Science Fiction'': In [[Isaac Asimov]]'s [[Galactic Empire (Asimov)|Galactic Empire]], in what we call 22,500 CE there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by [[human]]s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario.
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| ==10<sup>8</sup>==
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| ({{gaps|100|000|000}}; [[long and short scales]]: one hundred [[million]])
| |
| * ''Demography:'' The population of the Indian state of [[Bihar]] was 103,804,637 in 2007.
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| * ''Info – Books:'' The [[British Library]] claims that it holds over 150 million items. The [[Library of Congress]] claims that it holds approximately 148 million items. See ''[[The Gutenberg Galaxy]]''
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| * ''Info – Web sites:'' {{As of|2011|11}}, the [[Netcraft]] web survey estimates that there are 525,998,433 (525 million) distinct [[website]]s.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' More than 215,000,000 [[mathematical constant]]s are collected on the [[Simon Plouffe|Plouffe]]'s Inverter {{As of|2010|lc=on}}<ref>[http://pi.lacim.uqam.ca/eng/ Plouffe's Inverter]</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 275,305,224 is the number of 5×5 normal [[magic square]]s, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by [[Richard Schroeppel]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 358,833,097 [[stellation]]s of the [[rhombic triacontahedron]]
| |
| * ''Astronomy – Cataloged stars:'' The [[Guide Star Catalog II]] has entries on 998,402,801 distinct [[astronomical object]]s
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| | |
| ==10<sup>9</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>3</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one thousand million, or one [[milliard]])
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[giga-]] (G)
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| * ''Internet:'' Approximately 1,000,000,000 active users were on [[Facebook]] as of October 2012.<ref>[http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/facebook-passes-1-billion-active-users/ Facebook Tops 1 Billion Active Users]</ref>
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| * ''Demography:'' The population of [[Africa]] reached 1,000,000,000 sometime in 2009.
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| * ''Demographics – India:'' 1,210,000,000 – approximate population of [[India]] in 2011
| |
| * ''Demographics – China:'' 1,347,000,000 – approximate population of the [[People's Republic of China]] in 2011.
| |
| * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 32-bit [[Central processing unit|CPU]]'': [[2147483647|2 147 483 647]] is equal to 2<sup>31</sup>−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ([[two's complement]]) 32-bit integer on a computer.
| |
| * ''BioMed – base pairs in the genome:'' approximately 3{{e|9}} [[base pair]]s in the human [[genome]]
| |
| * ''Linguistics'': 3,400,000,000 – the total number of speakers of [[Indo-European languages]], of which 2,400,000,000 are native speakers; the other 1,000,000,000 speak Indo-European languages as a second language
| |
| * ''Computing – [[IPv4]]:'' 4,294,967,296 (2<sup>32</sup>) possible unique [[IP address]]es.
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 4,294,967,296 – the number of bytes in 4 [[gibibyte]]s; in computation, the 32-bit computers can directly access 2<sup>32</sup> pieces of address space, this leads directly to the 4 gigabyte limit on main memory.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 4,294,967,297 is a [[Fermat number]] and [[semiprime]]. It is the smallest number of the form <math>2^{2^n}+1</math> which is not a [[prime number]].
| |
| * ''Demographics – [[world population]]:'' 7,000,000,000 – Estimated population for the world on 31 October 2011, the [[Day of Seven Billion]].
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| | |
| ==10<sup>10</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|10|000|000|000}}; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: ten [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: ten thousand million, or ten [[milliard]])
| |
| * ''BioMed – bacteria in the human body:'' There are roughly 10<sup>10</sup> [[bacteria]] in the [[human mouth]]<ref name="Microbes" />
| |
| * ''Astronomy – Observable galaxies:'' as of 2003 there are between 1{{e|10}} and 8{{e|10}} [[galaxy|galaxies]] in the [[observable universe]]
| |
| * ''Computing – web pages:'' approximately 5.6{{e|10}} [[web page]]s indexed by [[Google]] as of 2010.
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>11</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|100|000|000|000}}; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one hundred [[1000000000 (number)|billion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: hundred thousand million, or hundred [[milliard]])
| |
| * ''BioMed – Neurons in the brain:'' approximately 10<sup>11</sup> [[neuron]]s in the [[human brain]]
| |
| * ''[[Paleodemography]]'': approximately 1.06 × 10<sup>11</sup> individuals of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' have lived since speciation (40% of this figure are babies who did not live beyond their first year) (see [[World population#Number of humans who have ever lived|world population]]).
| |
| * ''Astronomy – stars in our galaxy:'' approximately 4{{e|11}} stars in the [[Milky Way galaxy]] (Often the figure 1{{e|11}} is quoted in error; that is the total mass of the galaxy in [[solar mass]]es. However, the total number of stars in the galaxy is 4{{e|11}} because 73% of the stars in the galaxy are [[red dwarf|red dwarves]], which have a much smaller mass than the Sun.)
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>12</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>4</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[trillion (disambiguation)|trillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one <!-- if you don't know what "long scale" means, don't edit this line. It is not a mistake. -->[[1,000,000,000,000 (number)|billion]])
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[tera-]] (T)
| |
| * ''Astronomy:'' [[Andromeda Galaxy]], which is part of the same [[Local Group]] as [[Milky Way|our galaxy]], contains about 10<sup>12</sup> stars.
| |
| * ''BioMed – Bacteria on the human body:'' The surface of the human body houses roughly 10<sup>12</sup> [[bacteria]].<ref name="Microbes">{{cite web|url=http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast01sep98_1.htm|title=Earth microbes on the moon|date=1 September 1998|accessdate=2 November 2010|publisher=Science@Nasa}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Marine biology'': 3,500,000,000,000 (3.5 × 10<sup>12</sup>) – estimated population of [[fish]] in the ocean.
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Known digits of [[pi|π]]:'' {{As of|2010}}, the number of known digits of π is 5,000,000,000,000 (5{{e|12}}).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.numberworld.org/misc_runs/pi-5t/announce_en.html |title=5 Trillion Digits of Pi – New World Record |author=Alexander J. Yee & Shigeru Kondo |date=2 August 2010 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics'': 7,625,597,484,987 – a number that often appears when dealing with [[Exponentiation|powers]] of 3. It can be expressed as <math>19683^3</math>, <math>27^9</math>, <math>3^{27}</math>, <math>3^{3^3}</math> and <sup>3</sup>3 or when using [[Knuth's up-arrow notation]] it can be expressed as <math>
| |
| 3 \uparrow\uparrow 3
| |
| </math> and <math>
| |
| 3 \uparrow\uparrow\uparrow 2
| |
| </math>.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 10<sup>13</sup> – The approximate number of known non-trivial zeros of the [[Riemann zeta function]] {{As of|2004|lc=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/Miscellaneous/zetazeroscompute.html |title=Computation of zeros of the Zeta function |author=Xavier Gourdon |date=October 2004 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * ''BioMed – Cells in the human body:'' The [[human body]] consists of roughly 10<sup>14</sup> [[cell (biology)|cells]], of which only 10<sup>13</sup> are human.<ref name=Savage1977>{{Cite journal
| |
| | last = Savage | first = D. C.
| |
| | year = 1977
| |
| | title = Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
| |
| | journal = Annual Review of Microbiology
| |
| | volume = 31
| |
| | doi = 10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177.000543
| |
| | pmid = 334036
| |
| | postscript = <!--None-->
| |
| | pages = 107–33
| |
| }}</ref><ref name=Berg1996>{{Cite journal
| |
| | last = Berg | first = R.
| |
| | year = 1996
| |
| | title = The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora
| |
| | journal = Trends in Microbiology
| |
| | volume = 4
| |
| | doi = 10.1016/0966-842X(96)10057-3
| |
| | postscript = <!--None-->
| |
| | pmid=8950812
| |
| | issue = 11
| |
| | pages = 430–5
| |
| }}</ref> The remaining 90% non-human cells (though much smaller and constituting much less mass) are [[human flora|bacteria]], which mostly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, although the skin is also covered in bacteria.
| |
| * ''Computing – [[MAC-48]]:'' 281,474,976,710,656 (2<sup>48</sup>) possible unique [[physical address]]es.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 953,467,954,114,363 is the largest known [[Motzkin prime]].
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>15</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>5</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[Names of large numbers|quadrillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: <!-- if you don't know what "long scale" means, don't edit this line. It is not a mistake. -->one thousand billion, or one billiard)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[peta-]] (P)
| |
| * ''BioMed-Insects'': 1,000,000,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000,000,000 (10<sup>15</sup> to 10<sup>16</sup>) – The estimated total number of [[ant]]s on Earth alive at any one time (their [[Biomass (ecology)|biomass]] is approximately equal to the total biomass of the [[human|human race]]).<ref>[[Bert Holldobler]] and [[E.O. Wilson]] ''The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies'' New York:2009 W.W. Norton Page 5</ref>
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 9,007,199,254,740,992 (2<sup>53</sup>) – number until which all integer values can exactly be represented in IEEE [[double precision floating-point format]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 48,988,659,276,962,496 is the fifth [[taxicab number]].
| |
| * ''Science Fiction'': In [[Isaac Asimov]]'s [[Galactic Empire (Asimov)|Galactic Empire]], in what we call 22,500 CE there are 25,000,000 different inhabited planets in the Galactic Empire, all inhabited by [[human]]s in Asimov's "human galaxy" scenario, each with an average population of 2,000,000,000, thus yielding a total Galactic Empire population of approximately 50,000,000,000,000,000.
| |
| * ''Cryptography:'' There are 7.205759{{e|16}} different possible keys in the obsolete 56 bit [[Data Encryption Standard|DES]] symmetric cipher.
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>18</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>6</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[quintillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one trillion)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[exa-]] (E)
| |
| * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' An estimated 6{{e|18}} [[transistor]]s were produced worldwide in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sia-online.org/cs/papers_publications/press_release_detail?pressrelease.id=96 SIA Hails |title=60th Birthday of Microelectronics Industry |author= |date=13 December 2007 |work= |publisher=Semiconductor Industry Association |accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Computing – Computational limit of a 64-bit [[Central processing unit|CPU]]'': [[9,223,372,036,854,775,807]] (about 9.22{{e|18}}) is equal to 2<sup>63</sup>-1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed ([[two's complement]]) 64-bit integer on a computer.
| |
| * ''Mathematics – [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Basketball Tournament]]:'' There are 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 (2<sup>63</sup>) possible ways to enter the [[Bracketology|bracket]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Bases:'' 9,439,829,801,208,141,318 (≈9.44{{e|18}}) is the 10th and largest number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 18 using only the digits 0 to 9.<ref>Sequence [http://oeis.org/A131646 A131646] in The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences</ref>
| |
| * ''BioMed – Insects:'' It has been estimated that the [[insect]] population of the Earth is about 10<sup>19</sup>.<ref>"[http://www.entsoc.org/resources/faq.htm#triv1 Frequently Asked Questions on Entomology]". [[Entomological Society of America]].</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Answer to the [[wheat and chessboard problem]]:'' When doubling the grains of wheat on each successive square of a [[chessboard]], beginning with one grain of wheat on the first square, the final number of grains of wheat on all 64 squares of the chessboard when added up is 2<sup>64</sup>−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84{{e|19}}).
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Legends:'' In the [[legend]] called the [[Tower of Brahma]] about a [[Hindu]] temple which contains a large room with three posts on one of which is 64 [[gold]]en discs, the object of the [[mathematical game]] is for the [[Brahmins]] in the temple to move all of the discs to another pole so that they are in the same order, never placing a larger disc above a smaller disc. It would take 2<sup>64</sup>−1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (≈1.84{{e|19}}) turns to complete the task (same number as the wheat and chessboard problem above).<ref>[[Ivan Moscovich]], ''1000 playthinks: puzzles, paradoxes, illusions & games'', Workman Pub., 2001 ISBN 0-7611-1826-8''.</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Rubik's Cube:'' There are 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 (≈4.33{{e|19}}) different positions of a 3x3x3 [[Rubik's Cube]]
| |
| * ''[[Password strength]]:'' Usage of the 95-character set found on standard computer keyboards for a 10-character [[password]] yields a computationally [[intractability (complexity)|intractable]] 59,873,693,923,837,890,625 (95<sup>10</sup>, approximately 5.99{{e|19}}) permutations.
| |
| * ''Economics:'' [[Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe]] estimated in February 2009 by some economists at 10 sextillion percent,<ref>{{cite news | title=Scores of Zimbabwe farms 'seized' | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7906031.stm | work=BBC | date=23 February 2009 | accessdate = 14 March 2009}}</ref> or a factor of 10<sup>20</sup>
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>21</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>7</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[sextillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one thousand trillion, or one [[trilliard]])
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[zetta-]] (Z)
| |
| * ''Geo – Grains of sand:'' All the world's beaches combined have been estimated to hold roughly 10<sup>21</sup> grains of [[sand]].<ref>[http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~gmackie/billions.html To see the Universe in a Grain of Taranaki Sand<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| |
| * ''Computing – Manufacturing:'' Intel predicted that there would be 1.2{{e|21}} transistors in the world by 2015.<ref>[http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/processors/intel-predicts-1-200-quintillion-transistors-in-the-world-by-2015-1025851]</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Sudoku:'' There are 6,670,903,752,021,072,936,960 (≈6.7{{e|21}}) 9×9 [[sudoku]] grids.<ref>[http://www.afjarvis.staff.shef.ac.uk/sudoku/bertram.html Sudoku enumeration<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| |
| * ''Astronomy – Stars:'' 70 sextillion = 7{{e|22}}, the estimated number of [[star]]s within range of [[telescope]]s (as of 2003); see [[mass of the observable universe]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://msowww.anu.edu.au/news/media_releases/media_release_030717.php |title=Star count: ANU astronomer makes best yet |author= |date=17 July 2003 |work= |publisher=The Australian National University |accessdate=2 November 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 146,361,946,186,458,562,560,000 (≈1.5{{e|23}}) is the fifth [[unitary perfect number]].
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>24</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>8</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[septillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one quadrillion)
| |
| | |
| ISO: [[yotta-]] (Y)
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 2,833,419,889,721,787,128,217,599 (≈2.8{{e|24}}) is a [[Woodall prime]].
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>27</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>9</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[octillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one thousand quadrillion, or one quadrilliard)
| |
| * ''BioMed – Atoms in the human body:'' the average human body contains roughly 7{{e|27}} [[atom]]s<ref>[http://education.jlab.org/qa/mathatom_04.html How many atoms are in the human body?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Poker:'' the number of unique combinations of hands and shared cards in a 10-player game of [[Texas Hold'em]] is approximately 2.117{{e|28}}, see [[Poker probability (Texas hold 'em)#Starting hands against multiple opponents|Poker probability (Texas hold 'em)]].
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| | |
| ==10<sup>30</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>10</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[nonillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one [[quintillion]])
| |
| * ''BioMed – Bacterial cells on Earth:'' The number of [[bacteria]]l cells on [[Earth]] is estimated at around 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or 5 × 10<sup>30</sup> <ref>{{cite journal |author=William B. Whitman, David C. Coleman, William J. Wiebe |year=1998 |title=Prokaryotes: The unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |publisher= |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–6583 |url= |doi= 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578|pmc=33863 |pmid=9618454}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' The number of [[partition of a set|partitions]] of 1000 is 24,061,467,864,032,622,473,692,149,727,991.<ref>{{OEIS|A070177}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 2<sup>108</sup> = 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 is the largest known [[power of two]] not containing the digit '9' in its decimal representation.<ref>{{OEIS|A035064}}</ref>
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| | |
| ==10<sup>33</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>11</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[decillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one thousand quintillion, or one quintilliard)
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Alexander's Star:'' There are 72,431,714,252,715,638,411,621,302,272,000,000 (about 7.24{{e|34}}) different positions of [[Alexander's Star]]
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>36</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>12</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[undecillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one [[sextillion]])
| |
| * ''Physics'': ''[[Coulomb's constant|k<sub>e</sub>]] [[Elementary charge|e]]<sup>2</sup> / [[Gravitational constant|G]]<nowiki>m</nowiki><sup>2</sup>'', the ratio of the [[electromagnetic force|electromagnetic]] to the [[gravitational]] [[force]]s between two [[protons]], is roughly 10<sup>36</sup>.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' <math>2^{2^7-1}-1</math> = 170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,727 (≈1.7{{e|38}}) is a [[double Mersenne prime]].
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 2<sup>128</sup> = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367{{e|38}}), the theoretical maximum number of Internet addresses that can be allocated under the [[IPv6]] addressing system, one more than the largest value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value, the total number of different [[Universally Unique Identifier]]s (UUIDs) that can be generated.
| |
| * ''Cryptography:'' 2<sup>128</sup> = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 (≈3.40282367{{e|38}}), the total number of different possible keys in the [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] 128-bit [[key space (cryptography)|key space]] (symmetric cipher).
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| | |
| ==10<sup>39</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>13</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[duodecillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one thousand sextillion, or one sextilliard)
| |
| * ''Cosmology:'' The [[Eddington–Dirac number]] is roughly 10<sup>40</sup>.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 69,720,375,229,712,477,164,533,808,935,312,303,556,800 (≈6.97{{e|40}}) is the [[least common multiple]] of every integer from 1 to 100.
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>42</sup> to 10<sup>100</sup>==
| |
| ({{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000|000}}; 1000<sup>14</sup>; [[Long and short scales|short scale]]: one [[tredecillion]]; [[long and short scales|long scale]]: one [[septillion]])
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 141×2<sup>141</sup>+1 = 393,050,634,124,102,232,869,567,034,555,427,371,542,904,833 (≈3.93{{e|44}}) is the second [[Cullen prime]]
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' There are 7,401,196,841,564,901,869,874,093,974,498,574,336,000,000,000 (≈7.4{{e|45}}) possible permutations for the [[Rubik's Revenge]] (4x4x4 Rubik's Cube).
| |
| * ''Chess'': 4.52{{e|46}} is a proven upper bound for the number of legal [[chess]] positions.<ref>{{cite web | title = John's Chess Playground | author = John Tromp | year = 2010 | url = http://www.cwi.nl/~tromp/chess/chess.html}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 808,017,424,794,512,875,886,459,904,961,710,757,005,754,368,000,000,000 (≈8.08{{e|53}}) is the [[Order (group theory)|order]] of the [[Monster group]].
| |
| * ''Cryptography:'' 2<sup>192</sup> = 6,277,101,735,386,680,763,835,789,423,207,666,416,102,355,444,464,034,512,896 (6.27710174{{e|57}}), the total number of different possible keys in the [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] 192-bit [[key space (cryptography)|key space]] (symmetric cipher).
| |
| * ''Cosmology:'' 8{{e|60}} is roughly the number of [[Planck time]] intervals since the [[universe]] is theorised to have been created in the [[Big Bang]] 13.798 ± 0.037 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] years ago.<ref name='planck_cosmological_parameters'>{{cite journal | arxiv=1303.5076 | title=Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters | author=Planck collaboration | journal=Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics | year=2013}}</ref>
| |
| * ''Cosmology:'' 1{{e|63}} is [[Archimedes]]’ estimate in ''[[The Sand Reckoner]]'' of the total number of grains of [[sand]] that could fit into the entire [[cosmos]], the diameter of which he estimated in [[stadion (unit of length)|stadia]] to be what we call 2 [[light years]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics – Cards:'' 52[[factorial|!]] = 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 (≈8.07{{e|67}}) – the number of ways to order the [[Playing card|cards]] in a 52-card deck.
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 1,808,422,353,177,349,564,546,512,035,512,530,001,279,481,259,854,248,860,454,348,989,451,026,887 (≈1.81{{e|72}}) – The largest known [[prime factor]] found by [[Lenstra elliptic curve factorization|ECM]] factorization {{As of|2010|lc=on}}.<ref>[[Paul Zimmermann]], "[http://www.loria.fr/~zimmerma/records/top50.html 50 largest factors found by ECM]".</ref>
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' There are 282 870 942 277 741 856 536 180 333 107 150 328 293 127 731 985 672 134 721 536 000 000 000 000 000 (≈2.83{{e|74}}) possible permutations for the [[Professor's Cube]] (5x5x5 Rubik's Cube).
| |
| * ''Cryptography:'' 2<sup>256</sup> = 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665,640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 (1.15792089{{e|77}}), the total number of different possible keys in the [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] 256-bit [[key space (cryptography)|key space]] (symmetric cipher).
| |
| * ''Cosmology:'' Various sources estimate the total number of [[fundamental particle]]s in the [[observable universe]] to be within the range of 10<sup>80</sup> to 10<sup>85</sup>.<ref>Matthew Champion, [http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/oct98/905633072.As.r.html "Re: How many atoms make up the universe?"], 1998</ref><ref name = "nasawmap">[http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_matter.html WMAP- Content of the Universe]. Map.gsfc.nasa.gov (2010-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-05-01.</ref> However, these estimates are generally regarded as guesswork.
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 9.999 999{{e|96}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE [[decimal32 floating-point format]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000; 10<sup>100</sup>, a [[googol]]
| |
| | |
| ==10<sup>100</sup> (one googol) to <math>10^{10^{100}}</math> (one googolplex)==
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' There are 157 152 858 401 024 063 281 013 959 519 483 771 508 510 790 313 968 742 344 694 684 829 502 629 887 168 573 442 107 637 760 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.57{{e|116}}) distinguishable permutations of the [[V-Cube 6]] (6x6x6 Rubik's Cube).
| |
| * ''Chess:'' [[Shannon number]], 10<sup>120</sup>, an estimation of the [[game-tree complexity]] of chess.
| |
| * ''Physics:'' 10<sup>120</sup>, the orders of magnitude of the [[vacuum catastrophe]], the observed values of the quantum vacuum versus the values calculated by [[Quantum Field Theory]].
| |
| * ''Physics:'' 8{{e|120}}, ratio of the mass-energy in the [[observable universe]] to the energy of a photon with a wavelength the size of the [[observable universe]].
| |
| * ''History – Religion:'' [[Asaṃkhyeya]] is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] name for the number 10<sup>140</sup>. It is listed in the [[Avatamsaka Sutra]] and metaphorically means "innumerable" in the [[Sanskrit]] language of [[History of India|ancient India]].
| |
| * ''Xiangqi:'' 10<sup>150</sup>, an estimation of the game-tree complexity of [[xiangqi]].
| |
| * ''Mathematics:'' There are 19 500 551 183 731 307 835 329 126 754 019 748 794 904 992 692 043 434 567 152 132 912 323 232 706 135 469 180 065 278 712 755 853 360 682 328 551 719 137 311 299 993 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 (≈1.95 {{e|160}}) distinguishable permutations of the [[V-Cube 7]] (7x7x7 Rubik's Cube).
| |
| * ''Board games:'' 3.457{{e|181}}, number of ways to arrange the tiles in [[English language Scrabble|English Scrabble]] on a standard 15-by-15 Scrabble board.
| |
| * ''Physics:'' 4{{e|185}}, approximate number of [[Planck volume]]s in the [[observable universe]].
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 1.797 693 134 862 315 7{{e|308}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE [[double precision floating-point format]].
| |
| * ''Go:'' 10<sup>365</sup>, an estimation of the game-tree complexity in the game of [[Go (board game)|Go]]. {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
| |
| * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10<sup>-15</sup>){{e|384}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE [[decimal64 floating-point format]].
| |
| * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 05{{e|4932}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE 80-bit x86 [[extended precision]] floating-point format.
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| * ''Computing:'' 1.189 731 495 357 231 765 085 759 326 628 007 0{{e|4932}} is approximately equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE [[quadruple precision floating-point format]].
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| * ''Computing:'' (10 – 10<sup>-33</sup>){{e|6144}} is equal to the largest value that can be represented in the IEEE [[decimal128 floating-point format]].
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| * ''Computing:'' 10<sup>10,000</sup> - 1 is equal to the largest value that can be represented in [[Windows Phone]]'s calculator.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 2638<sup>4405</sup> + 4405<sup>2638</sup> is a 15,071-digit [[Leyland number|Leyland prime]]; the largest which has been proven {{As of|2010|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=27 The Top Twenty: Elliptic Curve Primality Proof] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 3,756,801,695,685 × 2<sup>666,669</sup> ± 1 are 200,700-digit [[twin prime]]s; the largest known {{As of|2011|12|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=1 The Top Twenty: Twin Primes] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 18,543,637,900,515 × 2<sup>666,667</sup> − 1 is a 200,701-digit [[Sophie Germain prime]]; the largest known {{As of|2012|04|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=2 The Top Twenty: Sophie Germain (p)] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' approximately 7.76 · 10<sup>206,544</sup> cattle in the smallest herd which satisfies the conditions of the [[Archimedes' cattle problem]].
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 10<sup>290,253</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>145,126</sup> + 1 is a 290,253-digit [[palindromic prime]], the largest known {{As of|2012|04|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=53 The Top Twenty: Palindrome] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 1,098,133# – 1 is a 476,311-digit [[primorial prime]]; the largest known {{As of|2012|3|lc=on}}.<ref>[http://www.primegrid.com/download/prs-1098133.pdf PrimeGrid's Primorial Prime Search]<!--Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=5 The Top Twenty: Primorial] at The [[Prime Pages]].--></ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 150,209! + 1 is a 712,355-digit [[factorial prime]]; the largest known {{As of|2011|08|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=30 The Top Twenty: Factorial primes] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics – Literature:'' [[Jorge Luis Borges]]' [[Library of Babel]] contains at least <math>25^{1,312,000} \approx 1.956 \times 10^{1,834,097}</math> books (this is a lower bound).<ref>From the third paragraph of the story: "Each book contains 410 pages; each page, 40 lines; each line, about 80 black letters." That makes 410 x 40 x 80 = 1,312,000 characters. The fifth paragraph tells us that "there are 25 orthographic symbols" including spaces and punctuation. The magnitude of the resulting number is found by taking logarithms. However, this calculation only gives a lower bound on the number of books as it does not take into account variations in the titles – the narrator does not specify a limit on the number of characters on the spine. For further discussion of this, see Bloch, William Goldbloom. ''The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges' Library of Babel''. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2008.</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 475,856<sup>524,288</sup> + 1 is a 2,976,633-digit [[Generalized Fermat prime]], the largest known {{As of|2012|12|lc=on}}.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=12 The Top Twenty: Generalized Fermat] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 19,249 × 2<sup>13,018,586</sup> + 1 is a 3,918,990-digit [[Proth prime]], the largest known Proth prime<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=66 The Top Twenty: Proth] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref> and non-Mersenne prime {{As of|2010|lc=on}}.<ref name="largestprime" />
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 2<sup>57,885,161</sup> − 1 is a 17,425,170-digit [[Mersenne prime]]; the [[largest known prime]] of any kind {{As of|2013|lc=on}}.<ref name="largestprime">Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/top20/page.php?id=3 The Top Twenty: Largest Known Primes] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 2<sup>57,885,160</sup> × (2<sup>57,885,161</sup> − 1) is a 34,850,340-digit [[perfect number]], the largest known as of 2013.<ref>Chris Caldwell, [http://primes.utm.edu/mersenne/index.html Mersenne Primes: History, Theorems and Lists] at The [[Prime Pages]].</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics – History:'' 10<sup>80,000,000,000,000,000</sup>, largest named number in [[Archimedes]]' ''[[The Sand Reckoner|Sand Reckoner]]''.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' 10<sup>googol</sup> (<math>10^{10^{100}}</math>), a [[googolplex]].
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| ==Larger than <math>10^{10^{100}}</math> (one googolplex)==
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| * ''Cosmology:'' In [[Chaotic Inflation theory|chaotic inflation theory]], proposed by physicist [[Andrei Linde]], our [[universe]] is one of many other universes with different [[physical constant]]s that originated as part of our local section of the [[Multiverse#Bubble theory|multiverse]], owing to a [[vacuum]] that had not decayed to its [[ground state]]. According to Linde and Vanchurin, the total number of these universes is about <math>10^{10^{10,000,000}}</math>.<ref>Zyga, Lisa [http://www.physorg.com/news174921612.html "Physicists Calculate Number of Parallel Universes"], ''[[PhysOrg]]'', 16 October 2009.</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics–Literature:'' The number of different ways in which the books in [[Luis Borges]]' [[Library of Babel]] can be arranged is <math>10^{10^{33,013,740}}</math>.<ref>[http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/2009/1/books-a-million American Scientist January–February 2009 Books-a-Million by Brian Hayes Book Review of ''The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges’ Library of Babel'' by William Goldbloom Bloch:]</ref><ref>Bloch, William Goldbloom ''The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges’ Library of Babel'' (2008) Oxford University Press</ref>
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| * ''Mathematics:'' <math>10^{\,\!10^{10^{34}}}</math>, order of magnitude of an upper bound that occurred in a [[Skewes' number|proof of Skewes]] (later estimated to actually be near 1.397 × 10<sup>316</sup>).
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| * ''Mathematics:'' <math>10^{\,\!10^{10^{963}}}</math>, order of magnitude of another upper bound in a proof of [[Stanley Skewes|Skewes]].
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[Moser's number]] "2 in a mega-gon" is approximately equal to 10↑↑↑...↑↑↑10, where there are 10↑↑257 arrows, the last two digits are ...56.
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[Graham's number]], the last ten digits of which are ...24641 95387. Arises as an upper bound solution to a problem in [[Ramsey theory]]. Representation in powers of 10 would be impractical (the number of digits in the exponent far exceeds the number of particles in the observable universe).
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| * ''Mathematics:'' [[Kruskal's tree theorem|TREE(3)]]: appears in relation to a theorem on trees in [[graph theory]]. Representation of the number is difficult, but one weak lower bound is ''A''<sup>''A''(187196)</sup>(1), where A(n) is a version of the [[Ackermann function]].
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| ==See also==
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| {{Portal|Mathematics}}
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| * [[Conway chained arrow notation]]
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| * [[Wikipedia:Size comparisons|Encyclopedic size comparisons on Wikipedia]]
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| * [[Fast-growing hierarchy]]
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| * [[Large numbers]]
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| * [[List of numbers]]
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| * [[Mathematical constant]]
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| * [[Names of large numbers]]
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| * [[Names of small numbers]]
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| * [[Planck units]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|3}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [[Seth Lloyd]]'s paper [http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0110141 ''Computational capacity of the universe''] provides a number of interesting dimensionless quantities.
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| * [http://mrob.com/pub/math/numbers.html Notable properties of specific numbers]
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| * {{cite web|last=Clewett|first=James|title=4,294,967,296 – The Internet is Full|url=http://www.numberphile.com/videos/internet_full.html|work=Numberphile|publisher=[[Brady Haran]]}}
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| {{orders of magnitude wide}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Numbers)}}
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| [[Category:Orders of magnitude|Numbers]]
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