|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{multiple issues|
| | He got back late, and looked so tired I said I�d order a Rasa curry, which I did. So, on Friday, I emailed him in the morning to say that I�d been worried by the fact that he�d read the address of my London flat on the internet. They wanted to phone us back, so I reminded David I�d lost my BlackBerry, and have no idea what the number of the Bat Phone is.<br><br>I keep conjuring up images of him in 1983, trying to reignite the passion. <br>I told him, before he started wriggling, that I think that memorable evening, when after our game of squash he had asked me to take his racquet home for him because he had a date, he had already started seeing the woman he would marry.<br><br>He bought me a bottle of prosecco, and some shopping. On Sunday, we went to the Matisse exhibition at the Tate Modern ([http://Photo.net/gallery/tag-search/search?query_string=walking+round walking round] the exhibit, talking, made me feel as though we were in a Woody Allen movie), and again his car had a parking ticket on it when we returned to it. This time, though, he didn�t hand it to me, although it�s sitting, accusingly, on my desk.<br><br>The whole phone, in fact, is a gleaming object of desire but it lacks standout new features other than the cameras, so you�ll miss out on gizmos such as the Samsung S5�s fingerprint scanner, or LG G3�s frankly frightening Quad HD screen.<br><br>99 ★★★★★Most of us who can be considered vaguely literate felt a faint anger when the term �selfie� passed from geek-speak into common parlance, especially after this year�s famous examples at the Oscars and Nelson Mandela�s funeral, where Barack Obama snuggled up to David Cameron. Huawei Ascend P7 �329.<br><br>And don�t say, �Don�t give me a hard time� when it�s you giving me a hard time. I did nothing today other than work hard and order dinner. 'Have a great life together, just leave me out of it. �You know I have no interest in her. I didn�t realise you had taken my keys back. I hope that was just a fit of pique. �<br>This came back the next morning, when he�d arrived at work. I love you and no one else. I have to work now, but I�ll see you tonight, as usual. My life is an open book to you.<br><br>Isobel and Dawn are in situ already, chilling the wine. Lots of books on Kindle. My Accessorize pink bikini. Wow, are we going to whip up some copy! What about the wedding proposal on the Pampelonne beach and me and Dawn can scatter white rose petals. Xxx� <br>The thing is, I�m not even sure David is still coming� Packing in tissue paper tonight: The Row sunglasses. My Dries negligee dress. Isobel has just sent me a message�<br>�The cast of Liz Jones�s Diary are off to the South of France. Let�s get this show on the road!<br><br>She had written to him three times, about him giving her his car (His reply: �I will send you the log book�), and having found his bow tie (His reply: �I spent �75 on one last week.<br><br>The famous Oscars �selfie� taken by Bradley Cooper and featuring Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Ellen DeGeneres, Jennifer Lawrence, Lupita Nyong�o, her brother Peter, Kevin Spacey, Jared Leto and Channing Tatum<br>But Huawei (pronounced like the reverse of a jubilant �Whahey�) needed to add to the language to sum up the purpose of its new Ascend P7�s stand-out feature - a forward-facing eight-megapixel camera, with the option for panoramic shots. By law, this is the only phone you�ll be taking �groufies� on - although as yet, the trademark doesn�t apply in the UK, so users of other phones can still use it for their own work. Unless you�re the size of a Weight Watchers �before� picture, there�s only one reason for this to exist - a �group selfie� (ie, a group shot where one of you holds the camera) - hence �groufie�. Huawei is so proud of the word the company trademarked it in several countries to mark the launch of the P7.<br><br>In case you�re wondering what Huawei is, it�s one of those Chinese companies that only recently began hawking smartphones in the West, and shifts so many phones in the Far East it�s the third biggest phone company on Earth.<br><br>Upstage selfie-toting friends by turning you and your pals into a real 3D-model (warning: there�s a fair bit of work involved), ready to print off. The app �walks� you round anything to capture it in 3D - now all you need is a few hundred quid for a 3D printer.<br><br>Huawei�s invention of the g-word, and the panoramic software to make it a reality, is down to a feeling that the endless Twitter parade of selfies (both celebrity and human), might be improved with a bit of context. And in action, it�s impressive too.<br><br>WOLFENSTEIN: THE NEW ORDER�40, PC, CONSOLES<br>The biggest surprise in Wolfensteing: The New Order is that it's the tense plotting that lifts this violent tale above its beige rivals <br>With an alternate-history plot hewn from the finest codswallop - a Nazi general uses high technology to summon an army of robots and zombies - the biggest surprise here is that it�s the tense plotting that lifts this violent tale above its beige rivals. ★★★★★<br><br>If you adored this article so you would like to get more info relating to [http://nouveauclashofclanstriche.blogspot.com/ http://nouveauclashofclanstriche.blogspot.com/] kindly visit the web page. |
| {{lead too short|date=June 2012}}
| |
| {{more footnotes|date=June 2012}}
| |
| {{refimprove|date=June 2012}}
| |
| {{technical|date=June 2012}}
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| '''Matrix decoding''' is an audio technology where a finite number of discrete [[audio channel]]s (e.g., 2) are decoded into a larger number of channels on play back (e.g., 5). The channels are generally, but not always, arranged for transmission or recording by an [[encoder]], and decoded for playback by a [[decoder]].
| |
| | |
| The function is to allow multichannel audio, such as [[quadraphonic sound]] or [[surround sound]] to be encoded in a stereo signal, and thus played back as stereo on stereo equipment, and as surround on surround equipment – this is "compatible" multichannel audio.
| |
| | |
| == Process ==
| |
| | |
| Matrix encoding does ''not'' allow one to encode several channels in ''fewer'' channels without losing information: one cannot fit 5 channels into 2 (or even 3 into 2) without losing information, as this loses [[dimension (linear algebra)|dimensions]]: the decoded signals are not independent. The idea is rather to encode something that will both be an acceptable approximation of the surround sound when decoded, and acceptable (or even superior) stereo.
| |
| | |
| == Notation ==
| |
| | |
| The notation for matrix encoding consists of the number of discrete audio channels separated by a colon from the number of decoded channels. For example, two discrete channels decoded to four-channels would be notated:
| |
| | |
| 2:4
| |
| | |
| Five discrete channels decoded to six channels would be notated:
| |
| | |
| 5:6
| |
| | |
| Many matrix decoders take advantage of the [[Haas effect]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}, as well as audio cues inherent in the source channels.
| |
| | |
| The various encoding matrixes are described below.
| |
| | |
| == SQ matrix encoding (2:4, "Stereo Quadraphonic", CBS SQ) ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left Front !! Right Front !! Left Back !! Right Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | 1.0 || 0.0 || k0.7 || 0.7
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | 0.0 || 1.0 || -0.7 || j0.7
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| This above is the basic "4/2" (4 channels in, 2 out) encoding equation and after 1972, wasn't much used by CBS and others... The basic SQ 4/2 code had mono/stereo anomalies as well as encoding/decoding problems - these were heavily criticized by [[Michael Gerzon]] and others, so CBS corrected them all with the SQ '''Position Encoder''', the '''Forward-Oriented Encoder''', the '''Backwards-Oriented Encoder''' and the "'''London Box.'''"
| |
| | |
| '''Position Encoder:''' An N/2 encoder that encoded every position in a 360° circle - it had 16 inputs and each could be dialed to the exact direction desired, generating an optimized encode.
| |
| | |
| '''Forward-Oriented encoder:'''
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left Front !! Right Front !! Left Back !! Right Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | 1.0 || 0.0 || 0.7 || k0.7
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | 0.0 || 1.0 || k0.7 || 0.7
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| '''Forward-Oriented encoder:''' Caused Center Back to be encoded as Center Front and was recommended for live broadcast use for maximum mono compatibility - it also encoded Center Left/Center Right and both diagonal splits in the optimal manner. Could be used to modify existing 2-channel stereo recordings and create 'synthesized SQ' that when played through a Full-Logic or Tate DES SQ decoder, exhibited a 180° or 270° synthesized quad effect. Many stereo FM radio stations broadcasting SQ in the 70's used their Forward-Oriented SQ encoder for this. For SQ ''decoders'', CBS designed a circuit that produced the 270° enhancement using the 90° phase shifters in the decoder. Sansui's QS Encoders and QS Vario-Matrix Decoders had a similar capability.
| |
| | |
| '''Backwards-Oriented encoder:'''
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left Front !! Right Front !! Left Back !! Right Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | -1.0 || 0.0 || k0.7 || 0.7
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | 0.0 || 1.0 || -0.7 || j0.7
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| '''Backwards-Oriented Encoder:''' Was the reverse of the Forward-Oriented Encoder - it allowed sounds to be placed optimally in the back half of the room, but mono-compatibility was sacrificed. When used with standard stereo recordings it created "extra wide" stereo with sounds outside the speakers.
| |
| | |
| Some encoding mixers had channel strips switchable between forward-oriented and backwards-oriented encodong.
| |
| | |
| '''London Box:''' Encoded Center Back in such a way that it didn't cancel in mono playback, thus its output was usually mixed with that of a Position Encoder or a Forward Oriented encoder. After 1972, the vast majority of SQ Encoded albums were mixed with either the Position Encoder or the Forward-Oriented encoder.
| |
| | |
| === Ghent microphone ===
| |
| In addition, CBS created the SQ Ghent Microphone, which was a spatial microphone system using the Neumann QM-69 mic. The signals from the QM-69 were differenced, and then phase-matrixed into 2-channel SQ.<ref>{{cite journal
| |
| | last = Bauer
| |
| | first = Benjamin B.
| |
| | coauthors = Louis A. Abbagnaro, Daniel W. Gravereaux, and Trevor J. Marshall
| |
| |date=January–February 1978
| |
| | title = The Ghent Microphone System for SQ Quadraphonic Recording and Broadcasting
| |
| | journal = Journal of the Audio Engineeriong Society
| |
| | volume = 26
| |
| | issue = 1/2
| |
| | pages = pp. 2–11
| |
| | publisher = [[Audio Engineering Society|AES]]
| |
| | location =
| |
| }}</ref>
| |
| With the Ghent Microphone, SQ was transformed from a Matrix into a Kernel and an additional signal could be derived to provide N:3:4 performance.
| |
| | |
| === Universal SQ ===
| |
| In 1976, Ben Bauer integrated matrix and discrete systems into USQ, or Universal SQ. (others had done this with their quad systems too) It was a hierarchical 4-4-4 discrete matrix that used the SQ matrix as the baseband for discrete quadraphonic FM broadcasts using additional difference signals called "T" and "Q". For a USQ FM broadcast, the additional "T" modulation was placed at 38 kHz in quadrature to the standard stereo difference signal and the "Q" modulation was placed on a carrier at 76 kHz. For standard 2-channel SQ Matrix broadcasts, CBS recommended that an optional pilot-tone be placed at 19 kHz in quadrature to the regular pilot-tone to indicate SQ encoded signals and activate the listeners Logic decoder. CBS argued that the SQ system should be selected as the standard for quadraphonic FM because, in FCC listening tests of the various four channel broadcast proposals, the 4:2:4 SQ system, decoded with a CBS Paramatrix decoder, outperformed 4:3:4 (without logic) as well as all other 4:2:4 (with logic) systems tested, approaching the performance of a discrete master tape within a very slight margin.<ref>“A subjective evaluation of FM Quadraphonic reproduction systems – Listening tests” Federal Communications Commission, Office of the Chief Engineer, Laboratory Division, Laurel, Maryland. Project Number 2710-1, August 1977</ref> At the same time, the SQ "fold" to stereo and mono was preferred to the stereo and mono "fold" of 4:4:4, 4:3:4 and all other 4:2:4 encoding systems.
| |
| | |
| === Tate DES decoder ===
| |
| The Directional Enhancement System, also known as the Tate DES, was an advanced decoder for SQ (although it could be made to work with any matrix or kernel system) and enhanced the directionality of the basic SQ matrix. It first matrixed the four outputs of the SQ decoder to derive additional signals, then compared their envelopes to detect the predominant direction and degree of dominance. A processor section, implemented outside of the Tate IC chips, applied variable attack/decay timing to the control signals and determined the coefficients of the "B" (Blend) matrices needed to enhance the directionality. These were acted upon by true analog multipliers in the Matrix Multiplier IC's, to multiply the incoming matrix by the "B" matrices and produce outputs in which the directionality of all predominant sounds were enhanced. Since the DES could recognize all three directions of the Energy Sphere simultaneously, and enhance the separation, it had a very open and 'discrete' sounding soundfield. In addition, the enhancement was done with sufficient additional complexity that all non-dominant sounds were kept at their proper levels. Dolby used the Tate DES IC's in their theater processors until around 1986, when they developed the Pro Logic system. Unfortunately, delays and problems kept the Tate DES IC's from the market until the late 70's and only two consumer decoders were ever made that employed them, the Audionics Space & Image Composer and the Fosgate Tate II 101A. The Fosgate used a faster, updated version of the IC, called the Tate II, and additional circuitry that provided for separation enhancement around the full 360 soundfield. Unlike the earlier Full Wave-matching Logic decoders for SQ, that varied the output levels to enhance directionality, the Tate DES cancelled SQ signal crosstalk as a function of the predominant directionality, keeping non-dominant sounds and reverberation in its proper spatial locations at at their correct level. | |
| | |
| == QS matrix encoding (2:4, "Quadraphonic Sound", QS) ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left Front !! Right Front !! Left Back !! Right Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | 0.92 || 0.38 || j0.92 || j0.38
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | 0.38 || 0.92 || k0.38 || k0.92
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| == Ambisonic UHJ kernel encoding (2:3)==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! W (pressure signal) !! X (front-back signal) !! Y (left-right signal)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | 0.470 + k0.171 || 0.093 + j0.255 || +0.328
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | 0.470 + j0.171 || 0.093 + k0.255 || -0.328
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| {{details|Ambisonic UHJ format}}
| |
| | |
| == Dolby MP matrix encoding (2:4) ==
| |
| | |
| {{Dubious|Dolby Surround and Pro Logic should be the same|date=April 2009}}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left !! Right !! Center !! Surround
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | <math>1</math> || <math>0</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>j\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | <math>0</math> || <math>1</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>k\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math>
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| Note, Dolby MP Matrix is the name of the 4:2:4 encoding matrix. The term "Dolby Surround" refers to both the encoding and decoding in the home environment, while in the theater it is known Dolby Stereo.
| |
| | |
| == Dolby Pro Logic matrix (2:4) ==
| |
| | |
| {{Dubious|Dolby Surround and Pro Logic should be the same|date=April 2009}}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left !! Right !! Center !! Surround
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | <math>1</math> || <math>0</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>j\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | <math>0</math> || <math>1</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>k\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math>
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| The encoding matrix is the same as for Dolby Surround; only the Pro Logic decoder differs. There is no such thing as a Pro Logic encoder.
| |
| | |
| == Dolby Pro Logic II matrix encoding (2:5) ==
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Encoding matrix !! Left !! Right !! Center !! Rear Left !! Rear Right
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Left Total
| |
| | <math>1</math> || <math>0</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>j\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}</math> || <math>j\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}</math>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Right Total
| |
| | <math>0</math> || <math>1</math> || <math>\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}</math> || <math>k\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}</math> || <math>k\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}</math>
| |
| |}
| |
| ''<math>j = +90^\circ</math> phase-shift, <math>k = -90^\circ</math> phase-shift''
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| | |
| <references />
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| | |
| *[[Ambisonic UHJ format]]
| |
| *[[Dolby Digital]]
| |
| *[[Dolby Pro Logic]]
| |
| *[[Haas effect]]
| |
| *[[Quadraphonic sound]]
| |
| *[[Surround sound]]
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Sound]]
| |
He got back late, and looked so tired I said I�d order a Rasa curry, which I did. So, on Friday, I emailed him in the morning to say that I�d been worried by the fact that he�d read the address of my London flat on the internet. They wanted to phone us back, so I reminded David I�d lost my BlackBerry, and have no idea what the number of the Bat Phone is.
I keep conjuring up images of him in 1983, trying to reignite the passion.
I told him, before he started wriggling, that I think that memorable evening, when after our game of squash he had asked me to take his racquet home for him because he had a date, he had already started seeing the woman he would marry.
He bought me a bottle of prosecco, and some shopping. On Sunday, we went to the Matisse exhibition at the Tate Modern (walking round the exhibit, talking, made me feel as though we were in a Woody Allen movie), and again his car had a parking ticket on it when we returned to it. This time, though, he didn�t hand it to me, although it�s sitting, accusingly, on my desk.
The whole phone, in fact, is a gleaming object of desire but it lacks standout new features other than the cameras, so you�ll miss out on gizmos such as the Samsung S5�s fingerprint scanner, or LG G3�s frankly frightening Quad HD screen.
99 ★★★★★Most of us who can be considered vaguely literate felt a faint anger when the term �selfie� passed from geek-speak into common parlance, especially after this year�s famous examples at the Oscars and Nelson Mandela�s funeral, where Barack Obama snuggled up to David Cameron. Huawei Ascend P7 �329.
And don�t say, �Don�t give me a hard time� when it�s you giving me a hard time. I did nothing today other than work hard and order dinner. 'Have a great life together, just leave me out of it. �You know I have no interest in her. I didn�t realise you had taken my keys back. I hope that was just a fit of pique. �
This came back the next morning, when he�d arrived at work. I love you and no one else. I have to work now, but I�ll see you tonight, as usual. My life is an open book to you.
Isobel and Dawn are in situ already, chilling the wine. Lots of books on Kindle. My Accessorize pink bikini. Wow, are we going to whip up some copy! What about the wedding proposal on the Pampelonne beach and me and Dawn can scatter white rose petals. Xxx�
The thing is, I�m not even sure David is still coming� Packing in tissue paper tonight: The Row sunglasses. My Dries negligee dress. Isobel has just sent me a message�
�The cast of Liz Jones�s Diary are off to the South of France. Let�s get this show on the road!
She had written to him three times, about him giving her his car (His reply: �I will send you the log book�), and having found his bow tie (His reply: �I spent �75 on one last week.
The famous Oscars �selfie� taken by Bradley Cooper and featuring Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Ellen DeGeneres, Jennifer Lawrence, Lupita Nyong�o, her brother Peter, Kevin Spacey, Jared Leto and Channing Tatum
But Huawei (pronounced like the reverse of a jubilant �Whahey�) needed to add to the language to sum up the purpose of its new Ascend P7�s stand-out feature - a forward-facing eight-megapixel camera, with the option for panoramic shots. By law, this is the only phone you�ll be taking �groufies� on - although as yet, the trademark doesn�t apply in the UK, so users of other phones can still use it for their own work. Unless you�re the size of a Weight Watchers �before� picture, there�s only one reason for this to exist - a �group selfie� (ie, a group shot where one of you holds the camera) - hence �groufie�. Huawei is so proud of the word the company trademarked it in several countries to mark the launch of the P7.
In case you�re wondering what Huawei is, it�s one of those Chinese companies that only recently began hawking smartphones in the West, and shifts so many phones in the Far East it�s the third biggest phone company on Earth.
Upstage selfie-toting friends by turning you and your pals into a real 3D-model (warning: there�s a fair bit of work involved), ready to print off. The app �walks� you round anything to capture it in 3D - now all you need is a few hundred quid for a 3D printer.
Huawei�s invention of the g-word, and the panoramic software to make it a reality, is down to a feeling that the endless Twitter parade of selfies (both celebrity and human), might be improved with a bit of context. And in action, it�s impressive too.
WOLFENSTEIN: THE NEW ORDER�40, PC, CONSOLES
The biggest surprise in Wolfensteing: The New Order is that it's the tense plotting that lifts this violent tale above its beige rivals
With an alternate-history plot hewn from the finest codswallop - a Nazi general uses high technology to summon an army of robots and zombies - the biggest surprise here is that it�s the tense plotting that lifts this violent tale above its beige rivals. ★★★★★
If you adored this article so you would like to get more info relating to http://nouveauclashofclanstriche.blogspot.com/ kindly visit the web page.