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'''Music without sound''' can refer to music that falls outside the range of human hearing (typically 20&nbsp;Hz–20&nbsp;kHz) or to compositions, such as [[visual music]], that are analogous to or suggestive of conventional music but in media other than sound, such as color, shape, position, motion and literature (see Discursive music below). It is commonly taken for granted that music is wont to be performed or recorded, but some sound works simply won't fit on a disc or on stage, being either extremely discreet (like Robin Minard's ''Silent Music'') or incomplete (Varèse's Unfinished music). Additionally, silence can be regarded as the [[via negativa]] of music and has induced long lasting fascination to music composers of all kinds. A composer deals with the absence of sound as much as he deals with sounds. Therefore, this article includes several examples of [[apophasis]] in music (like Algorithmic music or Gesture Music).  
{{cquote|''"It seems to me that the most radical redefinition of music would be one that defines 'music' without reference to sound."''<br />[[Robert Ashley]], 1961.<ref>Michael Nyman, ''Experimental Music'', 1974, p. 10.</ref>}}


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==Gesture Music==
'''Sofia Gubaidulina'''<br />
Silence in music happens when the music stops during a performance. It is sometimes replaced by gesture music. In his Sofia Gubaidulina biography,<ref>Michael Kurtz ''Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography'', p 184, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)</ref> Michael Kurtz mentions the ''silent solo performance by the conductor'' included in ''...Stimmenn... verstummen...'', an orchestral work from 1986.
{{cquote|''The symphony is notable for its careful and innovative use of silence. Though the eighth movement has the largest proportions of the work, the climax actually takes place in the ninth movement when the conductor motions before a silent orchestra. The motions the conductor makes are meant to make his hands move increasingly farther apart from each other according to the Fibonacci sequence. This "conductor solo" is repeated at the end of the work, when after the last note is sounded the conductor continues to motion for several minutes.''<br />From Wikipedia [[Stimmen Verstummen|...Stimmenn... verstummen...]] article}}
 
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Knizak-snowstorm.jpg|right|thumb|Milan Knizak's 1965 Snowstorm N°1]] -->
'''Milan Knizak'''<br />
From 1960, the International [[Fluxus]] Movement created a number of Events or Verbal Pieces, whose temporal structures were typically vague so as to be sometimes without beginning nor end, with or without sound, with or without music. A remarkable example is that of Czech artist Milan Knizak's 1965 Snowstorm N°1 whose score states: ''Paper gliders are distributed to an idle and waiting audience.''
{{cquote|''Another Event, by Czech Fluxus artist Milan Knizak, is called Snowstorm N°1 (1965) and simply instructs that ‘Paper gliders are distributed to an idle and waiting audience’. What results is a snowstorm of quietly gliding paper airplanes as the audience returns them back and forth and so on. The exchange of sheets is experimentaly beautiful, like the caring gesture toward the instrument as tended by Brecht.''<br />[From ''Not the Other Avant-garde''].<ref>James Martin Harding and John Rouse (editors) ''Not the Other Avant-Garde: The Transnational Foundations of Avant-Garde Performance'', University of Michigan Press, 2006, ISBN 0-472-06931-4, ISBN 978-0-472-06931-6</ref>}}
 
<br />'''Helmut Lachenmann'''<br />
[[Lachenmann]] composed ''Salut Für Caldwell'' for 2 guitars in 1977. The piece includes silent moments when ''« the players silent motions and gestures created a space of unheard music »''
[Michael Kurtz<ref>Michael Kurtz ''Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography'', p 192, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)</ref>]
 
<br />'''Takehisa Kosugi'''<br />
In 1963 [[Takehisa Kosugi]] composed for ''Fluxus 1'' a musical piece called ''Theatre Music'' in the form of a rectangle of cardstock that bore the trace of a spiral of moving feet. This was paired with the instructions: "Keep walking intently".<ref>Charles Mereweather ed., ''Art Anti-Art Non-Art'', Getty Research Institute, 2007, p. 21</ref>
 
== Algorithmic music ==
[[Image:Stadler.jpg|right|thumb|Johann Wilhelm Stadler (1748-1833)]]
''A sequence of finite instructions'' according to Wikipedia, an [[algorithm]] relates to computation, which ultimately relates to music. Eighteenth century algorithmic music is a contemporary of [[automaton]] machines, like [[Jacques de Vaucanson]]'s duck or [[Wolfgang von Kempelen]]'s chess player, or [[Ada Lovelace]] and [[Charles Babbage]]'s 1822 difference engine. In 1787, [[W.A. Mozart]] (1756–1791) devised an aleatoric system called ''[[Musikalisches Würfelspiel]]'' (''Musical Dice'')<ref>Musikalisches Würfelspiel (Musical Dice Game), K.516f in the Köchel catalogue of Mozart’s music</ref> published 1793 by J.J. Hummel in Berlin-Amsterdam, to compose waltzes with a pair of dice and a set of written bars on paper cards.<ref>See Hideo Noguchi's [http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~rb5h-ngc/e/k516f.htm article]: ''Mozart Musical Game in C K. 516f'', 1990</ref> The combination of all the 16 cards and transitions, of which there are theoretically <math>10^{29}</math> combinations, constitutes a minuet.<ref>Computation from John Chuang in a 1995 [http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/Mozart/dice/ article]</ref>
 
Austrian composer Maximilian Johann Karl Dominik Stadler, also known as [[Maximilian Stadler]] (1748–1833), created a table to compose [[minuet]]s and trios with a pair of dice. In the case of the minuet version, there are 16 cards with one bar each and preconceived transitions between certain musical measures. Mathematical games columnist Martin Gardner once remarked in an article about automated music composition. ''"If you fail to preserve it, it will be a waltz that will probably never be heard again."''<ref>See Ivars Peterson's [http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/1956/title/Mozarts_Melody_Machine article] ''Mozart's Melody Machine'' on Science News</ref>
 
The method of pure [[aleatoric music]] was used in the twentieth century by US composer [[Lejaren Hiller]].
 
== The optophonic piano ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Opto-disc.jpg|right|thumb| Optophonic disc, paint on glass, diameter: 40cms, ca. 1920-24]] -->
[[Wladimir Baranoff-Rossiné]]<ref>See Baranoff-Rossiné's official web [http://www.baranoffrossine.com/museum/optophonicpiano/ page]</ref> started building his [[optophonic piano]] in the 1915s. A set of painted glass discs are rotated via the small keyboard. Light is projected through the discs onto the wall. The player can control intensity of light and speed of rotation. 6 or 8 keys of the 3-octaves keyboard are devoted to colored discs. It is not clear what kind of sound the keyboard is able to produce. Oscillator frequencies (as stated in some articles) are rather unlikely between 1915-1920. More probably the light show was performed with piano accompaniment, maybe performed on the reduced keyboard of the Optosonic Piano, akin to a toy piano.
 
== Unfinished/aborted music ==
At one point, the music exists in the composer's mind. In 1928, [[Edgar Varèse]] started working on an opera called ''L'Astronome'' based on North American Indian legends, a project he never completed and destroyed the drafts. In 1932, he asked [[Antonin Artaud]] to write the libretto of a large scale oratorio, ''Il n'ya plus de firmament'' (There is no longer any firmament). In his book ''Phantasmatic Radio'' '''Allen S. Weiss''' translates the beginning of Artaud's text:
{{cquote|''Darkness. Explosions in this darkness. Harmonies suddenly broken off. Harsh sounds. Depressurized soundings. The music will give the impression of a distant cataclysm and will fill the room, falling as from vertiginous heights. Chords will originate in the sky and then deteriorate, going from one extreme to the other. Sounds will fall as if from very high, then suddenly stop and spread out in bursts, forming vaults and parasols. Tiers of sounds...'' [in ''Phantasmatic Radio''<ref>Allen S. Weiss, ''Phantasmatic Radio'', Duke University Press, 1995, page 42</ref>]}}
The piece was never completed and Varèse turned to other projects, including a radiophonic work involving various synchronised choirs located in different places of the world. He never found the technology for it. In 1948, Artaud insisted on having noise sounds included in his ''Pour en finir avec le judgement de Dieu'' (To have done with the judgment of God). This was done in the Radiodiffusion Television Française studios where [[Pierre Schaeffer]] was working at the time.
 
== Silent music ==
''Silent Music'' (1994)<ref>Bernd Schulz (editor) ''Silent Music - zwischen Klangkunst und Akustikdesign/Between Sound Art and Acoustic Design'', book+CD, 1999</ref> is an installation work by Canadian artist [[Robin Minard]] (b1953) with several hundred wall-mounted piezo loudspeakers and four-channel audio. The miniature loudspeakers are displayed in plant-like shapes on the walls of public spaces. They reproduce the minuscule ambient sounds of the public space where they are installed or play random synthetic sounds at barely audible volume. Minard deals with remote sounds best suited to intimate listening. In 2006 he created 'A voir en silence', a small artist book with loudspeakers and hand-written text.<ref>Susan Meinhardt ''Silent Music/Adelaide Festival'' DVD, Australia, 2007</ref>
 
== Discursive music ==
'''Marcel Proust'''<br />
The [[:fr:Sonate de Vinteuil|Sonate de Vinteuil]] (or Vinteuil Sonata) is an imaginary violin and piano sonata by fictitious composer Vinteuil recurring several times in [[Marcel Proust]]'s ''A La Recherche Du Temps Perdu'' ([[In Search of Lost Time]]), particularly in ''Un Amour De Swann'' (1913). In the latter volume, Charles Swann associates strong emotions and memories to the melody composed by Vinteuil. The French composer [[Reynaldo Hahn]] noticed how much Marcel Proust ''"vivait la musique de son temps"'' (experienced contemporary music).<ref>See Adrien De Vries' [http://www.classiquenews.com/applaudir/lire_article.aspx?article=1012&identifiant=20074159EEHR4OOD1ZQH7CEC61RFTMS8 article]: ''Sources de la Sonate de Vinteuil'', April 2007 (in french)</ref> For example, Proust immediately praised and enjoyed [[Debussy]]'s 1902 ''Pelleas et Melisande'' opera. Critics disagree on which composer inspired the Sonata. Possibly [[Gabriel Fauré]]<ref>See Margaret Hunter and Abigail Al-Doory's [http://www.french.pomona.edu/MSAIGAL/CLASSES/FR185/FALL96/aaldoory-mhunter/ article]: ''L'homme et la Musique Dans Un Amour de Swann'', 1996</ref> or [[César Franck]]. In [[:fr:Les Plaisirs et les Jours|Les Plaisirs et les Jours]] (1896), Proust focusses on Hans Sachs's monologue from [[Wagner]]'s ''Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg'', Act II. In ''Jean Santeuil'' (1952), a [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] Sonata for Violin and Piano (op. 75, 1885) plays a key role and is presumably the model for the Sonate de Vinteuil. In ''Un Amour De Swann'', the Vinteuil Sonata is played during evenings at the Verdurin's by pianist Dechambre. The main character's emotions are mirrored by Proust's musical reminiscences.
 
'''Walter Marchetti'''
<br />A good example of imaginary music can be found in a Walter Marchetti poem where he mentions a Juan Hidalgo imaginary composition (both Hidalgo and Marchetti were members of the Spanish [[Zaj]] Group of Madrid in the late 1950s).
{{cquote|''Eat an iced popsicle and thus perform his free''<br />''transcription, for only one performer, of''<br />'''''Music For Five Dogs, an iced'''''<br />'''''Popsicle and Six Male Performers'''''<br />''by Juan Hidalgo.''<br />Walter Marchetti in ''A Zaj Sampler''<ref>Something Else Press, New York, 1967, reissued by Great Bear Pamphlets</ref>
}}
 
== See also ==
*[[4′33″]]: John Cage's silent composition - four minutes thirty-three seconds of silence
*[[List of silent musical compositions]]
 
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:New media art]]
[[Category:Conceptual art]]
[[Category:Sound]]
[[Category:Electronic music]]
[[Category:Visual music]]
[[Category:Experimental music]]

Revision as of 18:17, 18 January 2014

Music without sound can refer to music that falls outside the range of human hearing (typically 20 Hz–20 kHz) or to compositions, such as visual music, that are analogous to or suggestive of conventional music but in media other than sound, such as color, shape, position, motion and literature (see Discursive music below). It is commonly taken for granted that music is wont to be performed or recorded, but some sound works simply won't fit on a disc or on stage, being either extremely discreet (like Robin Minard's Silent Music) or incomplete (Varèse's Unfinished music). Additionally, silence can be regarded as the via negativa of music and has induced long lasting fascination to music composers of all kinds. A composer deals with the absence of sound as much as he deals with sounds. Therefore, this article includes several examples of apophasis in music (like Algorithmic music or Gesture Music). Benefits of Living in a Rental or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Undertaking Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property gross sales contain shopping for property in Singapore at new launches. These are often properties below development, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, in accordance with personal property transactions in Could Cellular Apps FREE Signal Up Log in Property Agents Feedback

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Gesture Music

Sofia Gubaidulina
Silence in music happens when the music stops during a performance. It is sometimes replaced by gesture music. In his Sofia Gubaidulina biography,[1] Michael Kurtz mentions the silent solo performance by the conductor included in ...Stimmenn... verstummen..., an orchestral work from 1986. Benefits of Living in a Rental or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Undertaking Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property gross sales contain shopping for property in Singapore at new launches. These are often properties below development, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, in accordance with personal property transactions in Could Cellular Apps FREE Signal Up Log in Property Agents Feedback

Banks usually engage skilled valuers to conduct valuations of properties. The valuers are required to abide by industry requirements and guidelines for property valuation prescribed by the Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers. With Singapore conserving its greenery and with town sky view being the attraction to many, it is no wonder that increasingly condos are being developed on the island. Many future traders are placing extra value on units with a view than these with out one. Thus, this may be one of the reasons too as to why your unit of selection is either with a view or with out. How to Spot Abroad Property Scams (at Propwise.sg) New Condominium Eco Sanctuary Launch 01Dec 2012 Coming Quickly !!! New launch rental COCO Palm at Pasir Ris

Association charges has to be paid by each condominium proprietor, weather you are dwelling in it or not, or even in case you have rented the property. So, whether you employ the amenities and amenities at the condominium, you'll any how must pay for them. JOHOR BAHARU, Jan 22 (Bernama) — The property market in Johor Baharu and Iskandar Malaysia has been negatively affected by the cooling measures introduced by the authorities to address rising property prices, says the Actual Property and Housing Developers' Association of Malaysia (Rehda). District 18, 99 years LH Executive Apartment District 25, ninety nine years LH Executive Rental District 19, ninety nine years LH Government Apartment pipelines. Property homeowners haven't any different but to pay up. There's no different sensible Hottest Launch D'Leedon

Dr Victor Lee is a surgeon gazetted to carry out multi-organ transplant surgical procedure. He underwent his fellowship coaching in transplant surgery on the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom in 2008 and 2009. He is presently a consultant surgeon at the Singapore Normal Hospital, and visiting guide to the National College Hospital. His scientific interest and skills are in the areas of transplant surgery, hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and laparoscopic surgical procedure.

Lush Acres Government Condominium goes to launch quickly at Sengkang West Method By Metropolis Developments Limited. Lush Acres reflects the large expense of house, environmentally-inexperienced constructing and plush panorama of this low density development with solely 22% of website protection. There have been students, retirees and property agents napping, snacking and taking part in cards within the queue to kill time. Such a scene made passers-by wonder if the gang really consisted of genuine consumers, or just part-timers being paid to fake how sizzling the new undertaking was. The model was filed in Switzerland in October 2009 with a model r egistration dated March 25, 2010 A deposit was also recorded in France at the INPI (National Institute of Intellectual Property) Coastal commercial spaceports

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight because the specialists in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to motivate other patrons to follow go well with. Bartley Ridge is the hottest new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-yr leasehold new condo at Mount Vernon highway, excellent subsequent to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you wish to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing stated potential property patrons within the two areas at the moment are adopting a wait-and-see angle. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch initiatives ? The Current Mortgage to your HDB District thirteen, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

The simplest way is to contact a real estate agent who's a Advertising Workforce Member The agent will doubtless meet to show you details of the undertaking supplied by the developer. Attending a preview doesn't suggest you are obliged to purchase a unit. You can select not to and your cheque will likely be returned to you. No cost concerned. Your cheque will likely be returned to you in the event you decide to not proceed to purchase. Early hen low cost (up to 10%) at the preview earlier than the official launch. The purpose of that is to stimulate demand and to create a buying house in singapore momentum. As soon as this function is achieved, the developer would then take away the low cost so as to maximize his profitability. 2/3/4 bedrooms units obtainable ! GREATEST PURCHASE NOW !!! AVG $1900psf The Key Commercial Cluster in the North Area

Milan Knizak
From 1960, the International Fluxus Movement created a number of Events or Verbal Pieces, whose temporal structures were typically vague so as to be sometimes without beginning nor end, with or without sound, with or without music. A remarkable example is that of Czech artist Milan Knizak's 1965 Snowstorm N°1 whose score states: Paper gliders are distributed to an idle and waiting audience. Benefits of Living in a Rental or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Undertaking Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property gross sales contain shopping for property in Singapore at new launches. These are often properties below development, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, in accordance with personal property transactions in Could Cellular Apps FREE Signal Up Log in Property Agents Feedback

Banks usually engage skilled valuers to conduct valuations of properties. The valuers are required to abide by industry requirements and guidelines for property valuation prescribed by the Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers. With Singapore conserving its greenery and with town sky view being the attraction to many, it is no wonder that increasingly condos are being developed on the island. Many future traders are placing extra value on units with a view than these with out one. Thus, this may be one of the reasons too as to why your unit of selection is either with a view or with out. How to Spot Abroad Property Scams (at Propwise.sg) New Condominium Eco Sanctuary Launch 01Dec 2012 Coming Quickly !!! New launch rental COCO Palm at Pasir Ris

Association charges has to be paid by each condominium proprietor, weather you are dwelling in it or not, or even in case you have rented the property. So, whether you employ the amenities and amenities at the condominium, you'll any how must pay for them. JOHOR BAHARU, Jan 22 (Bernama) — The property market in Johor Baharu and Iskandar Malaysia has been negatively affected by the cooling measures introduced by the authorities to address rising property prices, says the Actual Property and Housing Developers' Association of Malaysia (Rehda). District 18, 99 years LH Executive Apartment District 25, ninety nine years LH Executive Rental District 19, ninety nine years LH Government Apartment pipelines. Property homeowners haven't any different but to pay up. There's no different sensible Hottest Launch D'Leedon

Dr Victor Lee is a surgeon gazetted to carry out multi-organ transplant surgical procedure. He underwent his fellowship coaching in transplant surgery on the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom in 2008 and 2009. He is presently a consultant surgeon at the Singapore Normal Hospital, and visiting guide to the National College Hospital. His scientific interest and skills are in the areas of transplant surgery, hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and laparoscopic surgical procedure.

Lush Acres Government Condominium goes to launch quickly at Sengkang West Method By Metropolis Developments Limited. Lush Acres reflects the large expense of house, environmentally-inexperienced constructing and plush panorama of this low density development with solely 22% of website protection. There have been students, retirees and property agents napping, snacking and taking part in cards within the queue to kill time. Such a scene made passers-by wonder if the gang really consisted of genuine consumers, or just part-timers being paid to fake how sizzling the new undertaking was. The model was filed in Switzerland in October 2009 with a model r egistration dated March 25, 2010 A deposit was also recorded in France at the INPI (National Institute of Intellectual Property) Coastal commercial spaceports

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight because the specialists in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to motivate other patrons to follow go well with. Bartley Ridge is the hottest new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-yr leasehold new condo at Mount Vernon highway, excellent subsequent to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you wish to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing stated potential property patrons within the two areas at the moment are adopting a wait-and-see angle. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch initiatives ? The Current Mortgage to your HDB District thirteen, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

The simplest way is to contact a real estate agent who's a Advertising Workforce Member The agent will doubtless meet to show you details of the undertaking supplied by the developer. Attending a preview doesn't suggest you are obliged to purchase a unit. You can select not to and your cheque will likely be returned to you. No cost concerned. Your cheque will likely be returned to you in the event you decide to not proceed to purchase. Early hen low cost (up to 10%) at the preview earlier than the official launch. The purpose of that is to stimulate demand and to create a buying house in singapore momentum. As soon as this function is achieved, the developer would then take away the low cost so as to maximize his profitability. 2/3/4 bedrooms units obtainable ! GREATEST PURCHASE NOW !!! AVG $1900psf The Key Commercial Cluster in the North Area


Helmut Lachenmann
Lachenmann composed Salut Für Caldwell for 2 guitars in 1977. The piece includes silent moments when « the players silent motions and gestures created a space of unheard music » [Michael Kurtz[2]]


Takehisa Kosugi
In 1963 Takehisa Kosugi composed for Fluxus 1 a musical piece called Theatre Music in the form of a rectangle of cardstock that bore the trace of a spiral of moving feet. This was paired with the instructions: "Keep walking intently".[3]

Algorithmic music

Johann Wilhelm Stadler (1748-1833)

A sequence of finite instructions according to Wikipedia, an algorithm relates to computation, which ultimately relates to music. Eighteenth century algorithmic music is a contemporary of automaton machines, like Jacques de Vaucanson's duck or Wolfgang von Kempelen's chess player, or Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage's 1822 difference engine. In 1787, W.A. Mozart (1756–1791) devised an aleatoric system called Musikalisches Würfelspiel (Musical Dice)[4] published 1793 by J.J. Hummel in Berlin-Amsterdam, to compose waltzes with a pair of dice and a set of written bars on paper cards.[5] The combination of all the 16 cards and transitions, of which there are theoretically combinations, constitutes a minuet.[6]

Austrian composer Maximilian Johann Karl Dominik Stadler, also known as Maximilian Stadler (1748–1833), created a table to compose minuets and trios with a pair of dice. In the case of the minuet version, there are 16 cards with one bar each and preconceived transitions between certain musical measures. Mathematical games columnist Martin Gardner once remarked in an article about automated music composition. "If you fail to preserve it, it will be a waltz that will probably never be heard again."[7]

The method of pure aleatoric music was used in the twentieth century by US composer Lejaren Hiller.

The optophonic piano

Wladimir Baranoff-Rossiné[8] started building his optophonic piano in the 1915s. A set of painted glass discs are rotated via the small keyboard. Light is projected through the discs onto the wall. The player can control intensity of light and speed of rotation. 6 or 8 keys of the 3-octaves keyboard are devoted to colored discs. It is not clear what kind of sound the keyboard is able to produce. Oscillator frequencies (as stated in some articles) are rather unlikely between 1915-1920. More probably the light show was performed with piano accompaniment, maybe performed on the reduced keyboard of the Optosonic Piano, akin to a toy piano.

Unfinished/aborted music

At one point, the music exists in the composer's mind. In 1928, Edgar Varèse started working on an opera called L'Astronome based on North American Indian legends, a project he never completed and destroyed the drafts. In 1932, he asked Antonin Artaud to write the libretto of a large scale oratorio, Il n'ya plus de firmament (There is no longer any firmament). In his book Phantasmatic Radio Allen S. Weiss translates the beginning of Artaud's text: Benefits of Living in a Rental or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Undertaking Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property gross sales contain shopping for property in Singapore at new launches. These are often properties below development, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, in accordance with personal property transactions in Could Cellular Apps FREE Signal Up Log in Property Agents Feedback

Banks usually engage skilled valuers to conduct valuations of properties. The valuers are required to abide by industry requirements and guidelines for property valuation prescribed by the Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers. With Singapore conserving its greenery and with town sky view being the attraction to many, it is no wonder that increasingly condos are being developed on the island. Many future traders are placing extra value on units with a view than these with out one. Thus, this may be one of the reasons too as to why your unit of selection is either with a view or with out. How to Spot Abroad Property Scams (at Propwise.sg) New Condominium Eco Sanctuary Launch 01Dec 2012 Coming Quickly !!! New launch rental COCO Palm at Pasir Ris

Association charges has to be paid by each condominium proprietor, weather you are dwelling in it or not, or even in case you have rented the property. So, whether you employ the amenities and amenities at the condominium, you'll any how must pay for them. JOHOR BAHARU, Jan 22 (Bernama) — The property market in Johor Baharu and Iskandar Malaysia has been negatively affected by the cooling measures introduced by the authorities to address rising property prices, says the Actual Property and Housing Developers' Association of Malaysia (Rehda). District 18, 99 years LH Executive Apartment District 25, ninety nine years LH Executive Rental District 19, ninety nine years LH Government Apartment pipelines. Property homeowners haven't any different but to pay up. There's no different sensible Hottest Launch D'Leedon

Dr Victor Lee is a surgeon gazetted to carry out multi-organ transplant surgical procedure. He underwent his fellowship coaching in transplant surgery on the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom in 2008 and 2009. He is presently a consultant surgeon at the Singapore Normal Hospital, and visiting guide to the National College Hospital. His scientific interest and skills are in the areas of transplant surgery, hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and laparoscopic surgical procedure.

Lush Acres Government Condominium goes to launch quickly at Sengkang West Method By Metropolis Developments Limited. Lush Acres reflects the large expense of house, environmentally-inexperienced constructing and plush panorama of this low density development with solely 22% of website protection. There have been students, retirees and property agents napping, snacking and taking part in cards within the queue to kill time. Such a scene made passers-by wonder if the gang really consisted of genuine consumers, or just part-timers being paid to fake how sizzling the new undertaking was. The model was filed in Switzerland in October 2009 with a model r egistration dated March 25, 2010 A deposit was also recorded in France at the INPI (National Institute of Intellectual Property) Coastal commercial spaceports

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight because the specialists in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to motivate other patrons to follow go well with. Bartley Ridge is the hottest new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-yr leasehold new condo at Mount Vernon highway, excellent subsequent to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you wish to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing stated potential property patrons within the two areas at the moment are adopting a wait-and-see angle. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch initiatives ? The Current Mortgage to your HDB District thirteen, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

The simplest way is to contact a real estate agent who's a Advertising Workforce Member The agent will doubtless meet to show you details of the undertaking supplied by the developer. Attending a preview doesn't suggest you are obliged to purchase a unit. You can select not to and your cheque will likely be returned to you. No cost concerned. Your cheque will likely be returned to you in the event you decide to not proceed to purchase. Early hen low cost (up to 10%) at the preview earlier than the official launch. The purpose of that is to stimulate demand and to create a buying house in singapore momentum. As soon as this function is achieved, the developer would then take away the low cost so as to maximize his profitability. 2/3/4 bedrooms units obtainable ! GREATEST PURCHASE NOW !!! AVG $1900psf The Key Commercial Cluster in the North Area The piece was never completed and Varèse turned to other projects, including a radiophonic work involving various synchronised choirs located in different places of the world. He never found the technology for it. In 1948, Artaud insisted on having noise sounds included in his Pour en finir avec le judgement de Dieu (To have done with the judgment of God). This was done in the Radiodiffusion Television Française studios where Pierre Schaeffer was working at the time.

Silent music

Silent Music (1994)[9] is an installation work by Canadian artist Robin Minard (b1953) with several hundred wall-mounted piezo loudspeakers and four-channel audio. The miniature loudspeakers are displayed in plant-like shapes on the walls of public spaces. They reproduce the minuscule ambient sounds of the public space where they are installed or play random synthetic sounds at barely audible volume. Minard deals with remote sounds best suited to intimate listening. In 2006 he created 'A voir en silence', a small artist book with loudspeakers and hand-written text.[10]

Discursive music

Marcel Proust
The Sonate de Vinteuil (or Vinteuil Sonata) is an imaginary violin and piano sonata by fictitious composer Vinteuil recurring several times in Marcel Proust's A La Recherche Du Temps Perdu (In Search of Lost Time), particularly in Un Amour De Swann (1913). In the latter volume, Charles Swann associates strong emotions and memories to the melody composed by Vinteuil. The French composer Reynaldo Hahn noticed how much Marcel Proust "vivait la musique de son temps" (experienced contemporary music).[11] For example, Proust immediately praised and enjoyed Debussy's 1902 Pelleas et Melisande opera. Critics disagree on which composer inspired the Sonata. Possibly Gabriel Fauré[12] or César Franck. In Les Plaisirs et les Jours (1896), Proust focusses on Hans Sachs's monologue from Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Act II. In Jean Santeuil (1952), a Camille Saint-Saëns Sonata for Violin and Piano (op. 75, 1885) plays a key role and is presumably the model for the Sonate de Vinteuil. In Un Amour De Swann, the Vinteuil Sonata is played during evenings at the Verdurin's by pianist Dechambre. The main character's emotions are mirrored by Proust's musical reminiscences.

Walter Marchetti
A good example of imaginary music can be found in a Walter Marchetti poem where he mentions a Juan Hidalgo imaginary composition (both Hidalgo and Marchetti were members of the Spanish Zaj Group of Madrid in the late 1950s). Benefits of Living in a Rental or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Undertaking Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property gross sales contain shopping for property in Singapore at new launches. These are often properties below development, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, in accordance with personal property transactions in Could Cellular Apps FREE Signal Up Log in Property Agents Feedback

Banks usually engage skilled valuers to conduct valuations of properties. The valuers are required to abide by industry requirements and guidelines for property valuation prescribed by the Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers. With Singapore conserving its greenery and with town sky view being the attraction to many, it is no wonder that increasingly condos are being developed on the island. Many future traders are placing extra value on units with a view than these with out one. Thus, this may be one of the reasons too as to why your unit of selection is either with a view or with out. How to Spot Abroad Property Scams (at Propwise.sg) New Condominium Eco Sanctuary Launch 01Dec 2012 Coming Quickly !!! New launch rental COCO Palm at Pasir Ris

Association charges has to be paid by each condominium proprietor, weather you are dwelling in it or not, or even in case you have rented the property. So, whether you employ the amenities and amenities at the condominium, you'll any how must pay for them. JOHOR BAHARU, Jan 22 (Bernama) — The property market in Johor Baharu and Iskandar Malaysia has been negatively affected by the cooling measures introduced by the authorities to address rising property prices, says the Actual Property and Housing Developers' Association of Malaysia (Rehda). District 18, 99 years LH Executive Apartment District 25, ninety nine years LH Executive Rental District 19, ninety nine years LH Government Apartment pipelines. Property homeowners haven't any different but to pay up. There's no different sensible Hottest Launch D'Leedon

Dr Victor Lee is a surgeon gazetted to carry out multi-organ transplant surgical procedure. He underwent his fellowship coaching in transplant surgery on the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, United Kingdom in 2008 and 2009. He is presently a consultant surgeon at the Singapore Normal Hospital, and visiting guide to the National College Hospital. His scientific interest and skills are in the areas of transplant surgery, hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and laparoscopic surgical procedure.

Lush Acres Government Condominium goes to launch quickly at Sengkang West Method By Metropolis Developments Limited. Lush Acres reflects the large expense of house, environmentally-inexperienced constructing and plush panorama of this low density development with solely 22% of website protection. There have been students, retirees and property agents napping, snacking and taking part in cards within the queue to kill time. Such a scene made passers-by wonder if the gang really consisted of genuine consumers, or just part-timers being paid to fake how sizzling the new undertaking was. The model was filed in Switzerland in October 2009 with a model r egistration dated March 25, 2010 A deposit was also recorded in France at the INPI (National Institute of Intellectual Property) Coastal commercial spaceports

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight because the specialists in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to motivate other patrons to follow go well with. Bartley Ridge is the hottest new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-yr leasehold new condo at Mount Vernon highway, excellent subsequent to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you wish to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing stated potential property patrons within the two areas at the moment are adopting a wait-and-see angle. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch initiatives ? The Current Mortgage to your HDB District thirteen, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

The simplest way is to contact a real estate agent who's a Advertising Workforce Member The agent will doubtless meet to show you details of the undertaking supplied by the developer. Attending a preview doesn't suggest you are obliged to purchase a unit. You can select not to and your cheque will likely be returned to you. No cost concerned. Your cheque will likely be returned to you in the event you decide to not proceed to purchase. Early hen low cost (up to 10%) at the preview earlier than the official launch. The purpose of that is to stimulate demand and to create a buying house in singapore momentum. As soon as this function is achieved, the developer would then take away the low cost so as to maximize his profitability. 2/3/4 bedrooms units obtainable ! GREATEST PURCHASE NOW !!! AVG $1900psf The Key Commercial Cluster in the North Area

See also

Footnotes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

  1. ↑ Michael Kurtz Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography, p 184, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)
  2. ↑ Michael Kurtz Sofia Gubaidulina: A Biography, p 192, english translation Indiana University Press, 2007 (written 2001)
  3. ↑ Charles Mereweather ed., Art Anti-Art Non-Art, Getty Research Institute, 2007, p. 21
  4. ↑ Musikalisches Würfelspiel (Musical Dice Game), K.516f in the Köchel catalogue of Mozart’s music
  5. ↑ See Hideo Noguchi's article: Mozart Musical Game in C K. 516f, 1990
  6. ↑ Computation from John Chuang in a 1995 article
  7. ↑ See Ivars Peterson's article Mozart's Melody Machine on Science News
  8. ↑ See Baranoff-Rossiné's official web page
  9. ↑ Bernd Schulz (editor) Silent Music - zwischen Klangkunst und Akustikdesign/Between Sound Art and Acoustic Design, book+CD, 1999
  10. ↑ Susan Meinhardt Silent Music/Adelaide Festival DVD, Australia, 2007
  11. ↑ See Adrien De Vries' article: Sources de la Sonate de Vinteuil, April 2007 (in french)
  12. ↑ See Margaret Hunter and Abigail Al-Doory's article: L'homme et la Musique Dans Un Amour de Swann, 1996
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