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| | Hello, my title is Andrew and my spouse doesn't like it at all. To climb is some thing she would never give up. My day occupation is an info officer but I've currently applied for an additional 1. My wife and I live in Mississippi but now I'm contemplating other choices.<br><br>Here is my blog post are psychics real [[http://www.hoohoostreet.com/users/MSheridan www.hoohoostreet.com]] |
| The '''Treaties of Velasco''' were two documents signed at [[Velasco, Texas]] (now [[Freeport, Texas]]) on May 14, 1836, between [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] of [[Mexico]] and the [[Republic of Texas]], in the aftermath of the [[Battle of San Jacinto]] (April 21, 1836). The signatories were Interim [[List of Presidents of the Republic of Texas|President]] [[David G. Burnet]] for Texas and [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|General Santa Anna]] for Mexico. The treaties were intended, on the part of the Texans, to provide a conclusion of hostilities between the two belligerents and offer the first steps toward the official recognition of the breakaway Republic's independence. It set the southern boundary of Texas at the [[Rio Grande]], including the [[Nueces Strip]].
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| Santa Anna signed both a public treaty and a secret treaty, but neither treaty was ratified by the Mexican government. Mexico claimed Texas was a breakaway province, but was too weak to attempt another invasion. The documents were not even called "treaties" until so characterized by U.S. President [[James K. Polk]] in his justifications for war some ten years later, as was pointed out by Congressman [[Abraham Lincoln]] in 1848. <ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&fileName=020/llcg020.db&recNum=102 A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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| ==Public treaty==
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| The public treaty consisted of ten articles, and was to be published immediately.
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| #Personal undertaking by Santa Anna not to take up arms, or encourage arms to be taken up, against the people of Texas in this war of independence.
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| #Cessation of hostilities, on sea and land, between Texas and Mexico.
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| #Mexican troops to evacuate the territory of Texas, relocating south of the [[Rio Grande|Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte)]].
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| #Mexican troops to refrain from taking property without due compensation, etc., during their retreat.
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| #All property (including horses, cattle etc.) captured by Mexico during the war and negro slaves freed by the Mexican army had to be returned.
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| #The two armies to avoid contact, keeping a distance of five leagues (approx. 27.78 km).
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| #The Mexican army to retreat without tarrying.
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| #Dispatches to be sent to the commanders of the two armies, informing them of the treaty's content.
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| #Mexico to release all Texan prisoners, with Texas releasing the same number of Mexican prisoners of the same rank; all other Mexican prisoners to be retained by Texas.
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| #Santa Anna to be conveyed to [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]] as soon as deemed proper.
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| ==Secret treaty==
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| The secret treaty was not to be made public until the terms of the public treaty had been met in full.
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| #Personal undertaking by Santa Anna not to take up arms, or encourage arms to be taken up, against the people of Texas in this war of independence.
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| #Santa Anna to give orders for all Mexican troops to withdraw from Texas as soon as possible.
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| #Santa Anna to make arrangements in Mexico City so that a mission of Texans would be well received, all differences settled, and independence recognized.
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| #A treaty of commerce, friendship, and limits to be established between Mexico and Texas, where under the territory of Texas would not extend beyond the Rio Grande.
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| #Government of Texas to provide for Santa Anna's immediate embarkation for Veracruz.
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| #Both copies of the document to be kept folded and sealed until conclusion of the negotiations, when they should both be given to Santa Anna; no use to be made of it before that, unless either party failed to abide by its terms.
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| # was to have had a trade agreement with Mexico.
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| ==Nonratification by Mexico==
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| Although Gen. [[Vicente Filisola]] began troop withdrawals on May 26, the government of [[President of Mexico|President]] [[José Justo Corro]] in Mexico City resolved, on May 20, to disassociate itself from all undertakings entered into by Santa Anna while he was held captive. Mexico's position was that Santa Anna had no legal standing in the Mexican government to agree to those terms or negotiate a treaty; Santa Anna's position was that he had signed the documents under coercion as a prisoner, not as a surrendering general in accordance with the laws of war. In fact, he had no authority under the Mexican Constitution to make a treaty, and in any case, the was never ratified by the Mexican government.
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| ==Noncompliance by Texas==
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| Santa Anna was not given passage to Veracruz. He was kept as a prisoner of war ("clapped in irons for six months", he later claimed) in [[Velasco, Texas|Velasco]] and, later, in the [[Brazoria County, Texas|Orozimbo plantation]], before being taken to [[Washington, D.C.]], in the [[United States]] to meet with President [[Andrew Jackson]] (ostensibly to negotiate a lasting peace between Mexico and Texas, with the USA acting as mediator). Sailing on the frigate [[USS Pioneer (1836)|USS ''Pioneer'']], the guest of the [[U.S. Navy]], he did not arrive in Veracruz until February 23, 1837.
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| ==Outcome==
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| Because the provisions of the public treaty were not met, the terms of the secret agreement were not released until much later. Although a ''[[fait accompli]]'' since mid-1836, neither the independence of Texas nor its later [[Texas Annexation|annexation by the U.S.]] was ever formally recognized by Mexico until the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]], which ended the [[Mexican-American War]] that resulted from the annexation and also recognized the [[Rio Grande]] (Río Bravo del Norte) as the [[Mexico – United States border]].
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/treasures/republic/velasco-01.html Treaties of Velasco] (includes facsimiles)
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| *[http://www.lsjunction.com/docs/velasco.htm Treaties of Velasco]
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| *[http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/santaanna4.htm Santa Anna's Captivity]
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| *[http://library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/ A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War], Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington
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| {{Texas History Navbox}}
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| [[Category:1836 in Mexico]]
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| [[Category:Treaties of the Mexican–American War|Velasco]]
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| [[Category:Treaties involving territorial changes|Velasco]]
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| [[Category:Texas Revolution]]
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| [[Category:Brazoria County, Texas]]
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| [[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Texas]]
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| [[Category:Peace treaties of Mexico]]
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| [[Category:Peace treaties]]
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| [[Category:1836 treaties]]
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| [[Category:Treaties of the Centralist Republic of Mexico]]
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Hello, my title is Andrew and my spouse doesn't like it at all. To climb is some thing she would never give up. My day occupation is an info officer but I've currently applied for an additional 1. My wife and I live in Mississippi but now I'm contemplating other choices.
Here is my blog post are psychics real [www.hoohoostreet.com]