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{{Starbox begin
<br><br>It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>To read more info in regards to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Washington DC Dentist] visit the website.
| name = Beta Librae
}}
{{Starbox image
| image =
    <div style="position: relative">[[File:Libra IAU.svg|250px|alt=Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Libra constellation and its surroundings]]
    <div style="position: absolute; left: 49.2%; top: 33.2%;">[[File:Cercle rouge 100%.svg|12px]]</div>
    </div>
| caption = The position of β Librae (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch    = J2000
| ra      = {{RA|15|17|00.41382}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| dec      = {{DEC|−09|22|58.4919}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| appmag_v = 2.61<ref name=scfs/>
| constell = [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]
}}
{{Starbox character
| class    = B8&nbsp;V<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
| b-v      = −0.106<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| u-b      = −0.359<ref name=apjs15_459/>
| variable = Suspected
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = −35.2<ref name=scfs/>
| prop_mo_ra  = −98.10<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| prop_mo_dec = −19.65<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| parallax = 17.62
| p_error  = 0.16
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| absmag_v =
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass    = 3.5{{+-|0.3|0.2}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
| radius  = 4.9<ref name=lang2006/>
| luminosity  = 130
| temperature = 12,300<ref name=aaa501_1_297/>
| metal_fe    = 0.33<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
| rotational_velocity = 250<ref name=apj573_1_359/>
| age_myr  = 80{{+-|50|40}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = Zubeneschemali, Lanx Borealis, 27 Librae, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]-08 3935, [[FK5]] 564, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 135742, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 74785, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 5685, NSV 7009, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 140430.<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox end}}
 
'''Beta Librae''' (β Lib, β Librae) is the [[Bayer designation]] for a [[star]] in the [[zodiac]] [[constellation]] of [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]. It has the traditional name '''Zubeneschamali''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|z|uː|b|ən|ˌ|ɛ|ʃ|ə|ˈ|m|eɪ|l|i}} and the [[Latin]] name '''Lanx Borealis''',<ref name=lahire1727/> meaning "the northern scale [of the Balance]". The name '''''Zubeneschamali''''' is derived from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] الزبن الشمالية (''al-zuban al-šamāliyya'') meaning "The Northern Claw".<ref name="Auk"/> The [[apparent visual magnitude]] of this star is 2.6,<ref name=scfs/> making it the brightest member of Libra. From [[parallax]] measurements, its distance can be estimated as {{Convert|185|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from [[Earth]].<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
 
== Description ==
Based upon the features of its [[spectrum]], Beta Librae has a [[stellar classification]] of B8&nbsp;V,<ref name=apj736_2_89/> making it a [[B-type main sequence star]]. It is about 130 times more luminous than the Sun and has a surface temperature of 12,300&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]],<ref name=aaa501_1_297/> double that of the Sun. This high temperature produces light with a simple [[spectrum]], making it ideal for examining the interstellar gas and dust between us and the star. Like many stars of its kind, it is spinning rapidly, over 100 times faster than the Sun with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of {{nowrap|250 km s<sup>–1</sup>}}.<ref name=apj573_1_359/> The measured [[angular diameter]] of the primary star is 0.801&nbsp;[[milliarcsecond|mas]].<ref name=aaa501_1_297/> At the estimated distance of this system, this yields a physical size of about 4.9 times the [[Solar radius|radius of the Sun]].<ref name=lang2006/> This type of massive, hydrogen-fusing star often appears blue-white, but Beta Librae is often described as greenish, the only greenish star visible to the naked eye.<ref name="uiuc"/>
 
The small periodic variations in the magnitude of the Beta Librae suggests the presence of a companion star which is not directly observable from earth.<ref name="glyphweb"/> However, it is presently categorized as a single star.<ref name=mnras389_2_869/>
 
==History==
According to [[Eratosthenes]] Beta Librae was observed to be brighter than [[Antares]]. [[Ptolemy]], three hundred and fifty years later, said it was as bright as Antares. The discrepancy may be due to Antares becoming brighter, but this is not known for certain. It could simply be caused by Beta Librae being a [[variable star]], showing a present day variability of 0.03 of a magnitude.<ref name="Auk"/>
 
== See also ==
* [[List of stars in Libra]]
* [[Beta Librae in fiction]]
* [[Zubenelgenubi]]
 
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
 
<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | last=van Leeuwen | first=F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 |date=November 2007 | pages=653–664 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V |arxiv = 0708.1752 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=scfs>{{citation | display-authors=1 | title=Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions | last1=Wielen | first1=R. | last2=Schwan | first2=H. | last3=Dettbarn | first3=C. | last4=Lenhardt | first4=H. | last5=Jahreiß | first5=H. | last6=Jährling | first6=R. | publisher=Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg | issue=35 | year=1999 | bibcode=1999VeARI..35....1W | postscript=. }}</ref>
 
<ref name=apj736_2_89>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Janson | first1=Markus | last2=Bonavita | first2=Mariangela | last3=Klahr | first3=Hubert | last4=Lafrenière | first4=David | last5=Jayawardhana | first5=Ray | last6=Zinnecker | first6=Hans | title=High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=736 | issue=2 | page=89 |date=August 2011 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89 | bibcode=2011ApJ...736...89J |arxiv = 1105.2577 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=apj573_1_359>{{citation | last1=Abt | first1=Helmut A. | last2=Levato | first2=Hugo | last3=Grosso | first3=Monica | title=Rotational Velocities of B Stars | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=573 | issue=1 | pages=359–365 |date=July 2002 | doi=10.1086/340590 | bibcode=2002ApJ...573..359A }}</ref>
 
<ref name=apjs15_459>{{citation | last1=Gutierrez-Moreno | first1=Adelina | last2=Moreno | first2=Hugo | title=A photometric investigation of the Scorpio-Centaurus association |  journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement | volume=15 | page=459 |date=June 1968 | bibcode=1968ApJS...15..459G | doi=10.1086/190168 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=aaa501_1_297>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Zorec | first1=J. | last2=Cidale | first2=L. | last3=Arias | first3=M. L. | last4=Frémat | first4=Y. | last5=Muratore | first4=M. F. | last5=Torres | first5=A. F. | last6=Martayan | first6=C. | title=Fundamental parameters of B supergiants from the BCD system. I. Calibration of the (λ_1, D) parameters into Teff | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=501 | issue=1 | pages=297–320 |date=July 2009 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811147 | bibcode=2009A&A...501..297Z }}</ref>
 
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=HD 135742 -- Variable Star | work=SIMBAD Astronomical Object Database | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?protocol=html&Ident=beta+librae | accessdate=2007-01-22 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3 | publisher=Birkhäuser | year=2006 | isbn=3540296921 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
:<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
& = \frac{(56.8\cdot 0.801\cdot 10^{-3})\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
& \approx 9.8\cdot R_{\bigodot}
\end{align}</math></ref>
 
<ref name=mnras389_2_869>{{cite journal | last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A. | title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 |date=September 2008 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E |arxiv = 0806.2878 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="uiuc">{{citation | title=Zubeneschamali | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | publisher=University of Illinois | url=http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/zubenes.html | work=Stars | year=2006 | accessdate=2006-07-03 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="glyphweb">{{citation | title=Zuben Elschemali | work=The Electronic Sky | author=Mark Fisher | year=1999-2006 | url=http://www.glyphweb.com/esky/stars/zubenelschemali.html | accessdate=2009-01-25 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=lahire1727>{{citation | url=http://www.archive.org/stream/tabulaeastronom00suntgoog#page/n146/mode/2up | first1=Philippe | last1=La Hire | title=Tabulae Astronomicae | year=1727}}, see star table, page 13.</ref>
 
<ref name="Auk">{{citation | title=LIBRA – A Balanced View (page 7 of PDF) | work=Auckland Astronomical Society | url=http://www.astronomy.org.nz/Documents/Journal/journal_200606.pdf | author=AAS | year=2006 | accessdate=2009-01-25 }}</ref>
 
}}
 
==External links==
*{{citation | url=http://www.icoproject.org/star.html | title=Arabic Star Names | work=Islamic Crescents' Observation Project | first1=Moh'd | last1=Odeh | year=1998-2006 | accessdate=2006-07-03 }} – Find more Arabic Star Names and their meanings.
 
{{Stars of Libra}}
 
[[Category:Bayer objects|Librae, Beta]]
[[Category:B-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Libra (constellation)]]
[[Category:Stars with proper names]]

Revision as of 12:55, 27 February 2014



It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.

Here are some common dental emergencies:
Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.

At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.

Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.

Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.

Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.

Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.

Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.

In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.

To read more info in regards to Washington DC Dentist visit the website.