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| A '''Planck particle''', named after physicist [[Max Planck]], is a hypothetical particle defined as a tiny [[black hole]] whose [[Compton wavelength]] is equal to its [[Schwarzschild radius]].<ref>Michel M. Deza; Elena Deza. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=LXEezzccwcoC Encyclopedia of Distances]''. Springer; 1 June 2009. ISBN 978-3-642-00233-5. p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=LXEezzccwcoC&pg=PA433 433].</ref> Its mass is thus approximately the Planck mass, and its Compton wavelength and Schwarzschild radius are about the Planck length.<ref>[http://www.springerlink.com/content/q525116713762240/ "Light element synthesis in Planck fireballs" - SpringerLink]</ref> Planck particles are sometimes used as an exercise to define the Planck mass and Planck length.<ref>B. Roy Frieden; Robert A. Gatenby. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qw5ka5HezacC Exploratory data analysis using Fisher information]''. Springer; 2007. ISBN 978-1-84628-506-6. p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=qw5ka5HezacC&pg=PA163 163].</ref> They play a role in some models of the evolution of the universe during the [[Planck epoch]].<ref>{{citation|first=Edward Robert |last=Harrison |
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| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-8PJbcA2lLoC |title=Cosmology: the science of the universe | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-521-66148-5}} p. [http://books.google.com/books?id=–8PJbcA2lLoC&pg=PA424 424]</ref>
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| Compared for example to a [[proton]], the Planck particle would be extremely small (its radius being equal to the [[Planck length]], which is about 10<sup>−20</sup> times the proton's radius) and heavy (the [[Planck mass]] being 10<sup>19</sup> times the proton's mass).{{sfn|Harrison|2000|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=–8PJbcA2lLoC&pg=PA478 478]}}
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| It is thought that such a particle would vanish in [[Hawking radiation]].{{cn|date=March 2013}}
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| == Derivation ==
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| While opinions vary as to its proper definition, the most common definition of a Planck particle is a particle whose [[Compton wavelength]] is equal to its [[Schwarzschild radius]]. This sets the relationship:
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| : <math> \lambda = \frac{h}{m c} = \frac{2 G m}{c^2} </math>
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| Thus making the mass of such a particle:
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| : <math> m = \sqrt{\frac{h c}{2 G}} </math>
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| This mass will be <math> \sqrt{\pi } </math> times larger than the [[Planck mass]], making a Planck particle 1.772 times more massive than the Planck unit mass.
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| Its radius will be the Compton wavelength:
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| : <math> r = \frac{h}{m c} = \sqrt{\frac{2G h}{c^3}} </math>
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| == Dimensions ==
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| Using the above derivations we can substitute the universal constants ''h'', ''G'', and ''c'', and determine physical values for the particle's mass and radius. Assuming this radius represents a sphere of uniform density we can further determine the particle's volume and density.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Table 1: Physical dimensions of a Planck particle
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| ! Parameter
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| ! Dimension
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| ! Value in [[International System of Units|SI]] units
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| |-
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| | Mass
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| | M
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| | {{val|3.85763|e=-8|u=kg}}
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| |-
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| | Radius
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| | L
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| | {{val|5.72947|e=-35|u=m}}
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| |-
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| | Volume
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| | L<sup>3</sup>
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| | {{val|7.87827|e=-103|u=m<sup>3</sup>}}
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| |-
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| | Density
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| | M L<sup>−3</sup>
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| | {{val|4.89655|e=94|u=kg m<sup>-3</sup>}}
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| |}
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| It should be noted that the above dimensions do not correspond to any known physical entity or material.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Micro black hole]]
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| * [[Planck units]]
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| * [[Max Planck]]
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| * [[Black hole electron]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1996A&A...313..703S "The quasi-steady state cosmology: analytical solutions of field equations and their relationship to observations" - Astrophysics Data Systems]
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| * [http://books.google.com/books?id=fKgQ9YpAcwMC&pg=PA266&lpg=PA266&dq=%22Planck+Particle%22&source=bl&ots=1dkoz0CNXK&sig=ulu3rt9u5GZ1lBl8HR-8rR0-Grk&hl=en&ei=NRCnS5T_B4ekswPdg4C9BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CA4Q6AEwAzg8#v=onepage&q=%22Planck%20Particle%22&f=false "Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity" - Google Books]
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| * [http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12528.pdf "Mysteries of Mass: Some Contrarian Views From an Experimenter"]
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| * [http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/876637 "The Gauge Hierarchy Problem and Planck Oscillators" - CERN Document Server]
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| * [http://maeresearch.ucsd.edu/~cgibson/Documents2007/PapersAList%20copy/A97_Gibson_FirstFossilTurb.pdf "The First Turbulence and First Fossil Turbulence"]
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| * [http://www.komac.re.kr/npet/new_proton/down/study-data/jhchang_lect4%28090324%29.pdf "Lecture on Nuclear Physics for Plasma Engineers"]
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| * [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/planck/node2.html The Planck Length]
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Planck Particle}}
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| [[Category:Black holes]]
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| [[Category:Hypothetical elementary particles]]
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