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| '''Pierre Rémond de Montmort''', a [[France|French]] [[mathematician]], was born in [[Paris]] on 27 October 1678, and died there on 7 October 1719. His name was originally just Pierre Rémond or Raymond. His father pressured him to study law, but he rebelled and travelled to England and Germany, returning to France in 1699 when, upon receiving a large inheritance from his father, he bought an estate and took the name de Montmort. He was friendly with several other notable mathematicians, and especially [[Nicolaus I Bernoulli|Nicholas Bernoulli]], who collaborated with him while visiting his estate. He was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society]] in 1715, while traveling again to England, and became a member of the [[French Academy of Sciences]] in 1716.
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| De Montmort is known for his book <ref>{{cite book|last=Raymond de Montmort|first=Pierre|title=Essay d'analyse sur les jeux de hazard|year=1713|publisher=Jacque Quillau|location=Paris|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k110519q/f1.image|edition=2|accessdate=19 July 2013|language=French}}</ref> on [[probability]] and games of chance, which was also the first to introduce the [[Combinatorics|combinatorial]] study of [[derangement]]s. He is also known for naming [[Pascal's triangle]] after [[Blaise Pascal]], calling it "Table de M. Pascal pour les combinaisons."
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| Another of de Montmort's interests was the subject of [[finite differences]]. He determined in 1713 the sum of ''n'' terms of a finite series of the form
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| :<math>na + \frac{n(n-1)}{1\cdot 2} \Delta a + \frac{n(n-1)(n-2)}{1\cdot 2\cdot 3} \Delta^2 a +\cdots,</math>
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| where Δ is the forward [[difference operator]], a theorem which seems to have been independently rediscovered by [[Christian Goldbach|Goldbach]] in 1718.
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| * {{cite book
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| | author = Rouse Ball, W. W.
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| | year = 1908
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| | url = http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/18thCentury/RouseBall/RB_Cont18C.html
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| | title = A short account of the history of Mathematics, 4th edition
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| | publisher = MacMillan and Co., Ltd}}
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| == External links ==
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| * {{cite web
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| | title = Pierre Rémond de Montmort
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| | url = http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Montmort.html
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| | publisher = [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]}}
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| * {{cite web
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| | author = Westfall, Richard S
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| | title = Montmort, Pierre Remond de
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| | url = http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/montmort.html
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| | publisher = [http://galileo.rice.edu/index.html The Galileo Project]}}
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| * {{cite web
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| | author = Miller, Jeff
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| | title = Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics
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| | url = http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathword.html}}
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| * {{cite web
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| | author = Lee, Peter M.
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| | title = Life and Work of Statisticians
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| | url = http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/lifework.htm#m}}
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| :''This article incorporates text from a [[public domain]] source.''
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=93909}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME = Montfort, Pierre Raymond de
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = French mathematician
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = 1678
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| | DATE OF DEATH = 1719
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Montfort, Pierre Raymond de}}
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| [[Category:1678 births]]
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| [[Category:1719 deaths]]
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| [[Category:18th-century French mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:French Roman Catholics]]
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| [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
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